Efficient Removal of Thallium from Flue Gas Using Manganese-Based MOF Catalysts by Gas–Solid Phase Catalytic Oxidation and Adsorption

Molecular Simulation Insights into Acid Gas Interactions within Ni-Based Fluorinated Square-Pillared Metal-Organic Framework

The increasing prominence of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in gas separation technologies has sparked significant interest in their application in flue gas treatment. Nevertheless, the adsorption of acidic gases in MOFs presents significant challenges owing to their complex interactions with the framework. The adsorption interactions of acidic gases and their mixtures with [Ni(1,4-pyrazine)2(AlF5)]n (ALFFIVE-Ni-Pyr) are explored while considering the flexibility of the framework. Using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, guest-host interactions are evaluated, focusing on gas loading, whereas molecular dynamics simulations highlight the structural dynamics induced by guest molecules within the framework. Density functional theory calculations further confirm the interactions between acidic gases and the framework. A significantly higher adsorption capacity for SO2 than for CO2 and NO2 is shown in results, particularly in gas mixtures, highlighting the adaptability of the framework and its superior performance for acidic gas separation. This study aims to contribute to advancements in gas separation processes and provide valuable insights into the optimization of MOFs for industrial applications.

Mn/Ce@HKUST-1 for Efficient Removal of Gaseous Thallium: Insights from Kinetic and Experimental Studies

Gaseous thallium (Tl) pollution events, primarily caused by non-ferrous mineral refineries and fossil fuel combustion, have increased over the past few decades. To prevent gaseous Tl distribution from flue gas, MnO2/CeO2@HKUST-1 (MCH) was synthesized and found to achieve a gaseous Tl(I) removal level of up to 90% at 423 K, a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 2000 h-1/mL with an Mn dose of 10%, maintained over 10 h. The best Mn/Ce ratio was found to be 9:1. To further investigate surface kinetic behavior, four commonly used kinetic models were applied, including the Eley-Rideal (ER) model, Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) model, Mars-van Krevelen (MVK) model, and pseudo-first-order (PFO) model. While the ER and LH models had the slightest deviation, the MVK model was the most reliable. The CatMAP software was also used to match the simulation deviation. This work demonstrated the Tl removal mechanism and provided insights into the accuracy of kinetic models on minor-radius heavy metal. Thus, this research may help promote the design of reactors, heavy metal removal rates, and flue gas purification technology selection.

Kinetics of Thallium(I) Oxidation by Free Chlorine in Bromide-Containing Waters: Insights into the Reactivity with Bromine Species

The oxidation of thallium [Tl(I)] to Tl(III) by chlorine (HOCl) is an important process changing its removal performance in water treatment. However, the role of bromide (Br^-), a common constituent in natural water, in the oxidation behavior of Tl(I) during chlorination remains unknown. Our results demonstrated that Br^- was cycled and acted as a catalyst to enhance the kinetics of Tl(I) oxidation by HOCl over the pH range of 5.0-9.5. Different Tl(I) species (i.e., Tl⁺ and TlOH(aq)) and reactive bromine species (i.e., HOBr/BrO^-, BrCl, Br₂O, and BrOCl) were kinetically relevant to the enhanced oxidation of Tl(I). The oxidation by free bromine species became the dominant pathway even at a low Br^- level of 50 μg/L for a chlorine dose of 2 mg of Cl₂/L. It was found that the reactions of Tl⁺/BrCl, Tl⁺/BrOCl, and TlOH(aq)/HOBr dominated the kinetics of Tl(I) oxidation at pH < 6.0, pH 6.0-8.0, and pH > 8.0, respectively. The species-specific rate constants for Tl⁺ reacting with individual bromine species were determined and decreased in the order: BrCl > Br₂ > BrOCl > Br₂O > HOBr. Overall, the presented results refine our knowledge regarding the species-specific reactivity of TI(I) with bromine species and will be useful for further prediction of thallium mobility in chlorinated waters containing bromide.