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Zhang Z, Zang Z, Guo J, Li M, Na H, Zheng R. High-Temporal-Resolution In Situ Sensor for Oceanic CO 2 Isotope Measurement Enabling Multidimensional Isotope Tracing Analysis (R 13C, R 18O, and R 17O) via Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1195-1204. [PMID: 38189664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Combined in situ analysis of oceanic CO2 concentrations and diverse C and O isotope characteristics can offer a unique perspective with multiple isotopic tracing dimensions for identifying marine biogeochemical processes. Applying this strategy in marine environments is urgently required, yet it faces inherent challenges in terms of existing analytical methods and instruments, e.g., a lack of in situ sensors, limited detectable isotope variety, and low-temporal-resolution data. Here, we report an underwater in situ dissolved CO2 isotope sensor based on mid-infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (MIR-TDLAS) and membrane extraction technology. Through the proposed targeted strategies, the sensor is capable of providing high-temporal-resolution in situ measurement of all monosubstituted isotopes of dissolved CO2 (16O13C16O, 18O12C16O, and 17O12C16O) at marine background concentrations. The sensor is demonstrated to provide comparable precision to that of isotope ratio mass spectrometry. At 400 ppmv, the precision for R13C, R18O, and R17O could achieve 0.084, 0.042, and 0.013‰, respectively, for a 1 s integration time. By enabling a high-frequency in situ analysis in fixed-point time-series field deployment, a 17O anomaly with strong regularity is observed, which is not obvious in 18O and 13C, and therefore, the superiority of the proposed multidimensional in situ isotope tracing strategy is demonstrated. The developed sensor has great potential to open up new prospects for advancing marine carbon research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zixi Zang
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinjia Guo
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Meng Li
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hui Na
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ronger Zheng
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Zhang Z, Li M, Yang T, Zang Z, Li N, Zheng R, Guo J. Seconds-Scale Response Sensor for In Situ Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3577-3586. [PMID: 36754844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Research on the transient variation processes of oceanic dissolved CO2 makes significant sense because of the complexity and dynamics of the marine environment. Yet, it is inherently challenging due to the limitation of the response performance of in situ sensors. Here, we report a novel system solution capable of providing high-performance detection with a seconds-scale response, sub-ppmv level precision, and 3000 m rated depth. Through the proposed strategy, we break the limitation of the membrane on the response performance of the sensor and improve it by 2 orders of magnitude to the τ100 of 3.5 s (τ90 = 2.7 s). By taking water temperature and CO2 concentration as the tracer, we succeed in portraying the water mixing process and reveal the microstructure of the concentration variation profile. By enabling in situ detection at an unprecedented response speed, this instrument can provide new insights and prospects into the research on the carbon cycle in deep-sea unstable regions, such as hydrothermal vents and cold seeps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Meng Li
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zixi Zang
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ning Li
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ronger Zheng
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinjia Guo
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Chen T, Li K, Liao Z, Xie X, Zhang G. Influence of Oil Status on Membrane-Based Gas-Oil Separation in DGA. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3629. [PMID: 35632036 PMCID: PMC9147988 DOI: 10.3390/s22103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gas-oil separation by membrane stands for a promising technique in dissolved gas analysis (DGA). Since the accuracy of DGA relies on the results of gas-oil separation to a great extent, it is necessary to study the influence factor of membrane for better performance. Although plentiful studies have been conducted aiming at membrane modification to obtain better separation performance, it cannot be ignored that the conditions of oil also affect the performance of membrane much. In this work, a photoacoustic spectroscopy-based sensor for DGA, which employed membrane for gas-oil separation, was established first. By detecting the photoacoustic signal, the performance of membrane could be evaluated. Furthermore, the influences of feed velocity and pressure have on the performance of membrane were analyzed. Both simulation and experiment were employed in this work to evaluate the influences by collecting the equilibrium time of membrane under different conditions. As a result, the simulation and experiment agreed with each other well. Moreover, it was reasonable to draw the conclusion that the equilibrium time was evidently reduced with the raise of feed velocity but remained with a minimum change when pressure changed. The conclusion may serve as a reference for the application of membrane in optical sensor and DGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunan Chen
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (T.C.); (K.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (T.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Zhenghai Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, China; (Z.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiongjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, China; (Z.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (T.C.); (K.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Abstract
A power transformer is one of the most critical and expensive assets in electric power systems. Failure of a power transformer would not only result in a downtime to the entire transmission and distribution networks but may also cause personnel and environmental hazards due to oil leak and fire. Hence, to enhance a transformer’s reliability and extend its lifespan, a cost-effective and reliable condition monitoring technique should be adopted from day one of its installation. This will help detect incipient faults, extend a transformer’s operational life, and avoid potential consequences. With the global trend to establish digital substation automation systems, transformer online condition monitoring has been given much attention by utilities and researchers alike. Several online and offline condition monitoring techniques have been recently proposed for oil-immersed power transformers. This paper is aimed at providing a state-of-the-art review for the various condition monitoring technologies used for oil-immersed power transformers. Concept of measurements and analysis of the results along with the future trend of condition monitoring techniques are presented.
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TomHon PM, Han S, Lehmkuhl S, Appelt S, Chekmenev EY, Abolhasani M, Theis T. A Versatile Compact Parahydrogen Membrane Reactor. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2526-2534. [PMID: 34580981 PMCID: PMC8785414 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a Spin Transfer Automated Reactor (STAR) that produces continuous parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP), which is stable for hours to days. We use the PHIP variant called signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), which is particularly well suited to produce continuous hyperpolarization. The STAR is operated in conjunction with benchtop (1.1 T) and high field (9.4 T) NMR magnets, highlighting the versatility of this system to operate with any NMR or MRI system. The STAR uses semipermeable membranes to efficiently deliver parahydrogen into solutions at nano to milli Tesla fields, which enables 1 H, 13 C, and 15 N hyperpolarization on a large range of substrates including drugs and metabolites. The unique features of the STAR are leveraged for important applications, including continuous hyperpolarization of metabolites, desirable for examining steady-state metabolism in vivo, as well as for continuous RASER signals suitable for the investigation of new physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Suyong Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics - Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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