1
|
Zhang L, Jiang Z, Guo J, Zhang C, Xu X, Shi D, Shao Y, Ai Z, Wu Y, Hao X. Deep insight into regulation mechanism of band distribution in phase junction CdS for enhanced photocatalytic H 2 production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:146-156. [PMID: 38713954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of structure-activity relationship between the phase constitution and solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency is conducive to guiding the optimization route of targeted photocatalyst candidates, further establishing advanced photocatalytic systems. Herein, based on the concept of phase engineering, we encompassed the crystalline phase of CdS and achieved precise regulation of phase proportion as well as phase boundary width in the phase junction for the first time. The above cooperative effect not only modifies energy band distribution for sufficient redox potentials, but also guarantees the reverse migration orientation of photogenerated carriers in phase junction, thereby endowing photocarriers with a prolonged lifetime. Compared to pure cubic or hexagonal phase (72.6 or 101.1 μmol h-1 g-1), this CdS system with optimized phase junction demonstrates an improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 1.04 mmol h-1 g-1 and favorable stability without cocatalyst assistance, which mainly stems from an efficient protons reduction process interacting with long-lived photogenerated electrons. This research explores the mechanism behind phase regulation and its relationship with junction capability, providing a powerful strategy to manipulate crystal phase distribution and paving a feasible avenue for other phase-dependent photocatalysts towards rational design of heterostructures based on different phases in solar energy conversion field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Jingru Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Dong Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Yongliang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zizheng Ai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China.
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yue Z, Shao S, Yu J, Lu G, Wei W, Huang Y, Zhang K, Wang K, Fan X. Improved Lignin Conversion to High-Value Aromatic Monomers through Phase Junction CdS with Coexposed Hexagonal (100) and Cubic (220) Facets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29991-30009. [PMID: 38831531 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis has the potential for lignin valorization to generate functionalized aromatic monomers, but its application has been limited by the slow conversion rate and the low selectivity to desirable aromatic products. In this work, we designed the phase junction CdS with coexposed hexagonal (100) and cubic (220) facets to improve the photogenerated charge carriers' transfer efficiency from (100) facet to (220) facet and the hydrogen transfer efficiency for an enhanced conversion rate of lignin to aromatic monomers. Water is found as a sufficient external hydrogen supplier to increase the yields of aromatic monomers. These innovative designs in the reaction system promoted complete conversion of PP-ol to around 94% of aromatic monomers after 1 h of visible light irradiation, which shows the highest reaction rate and selectivity of target products in comparison with previous works. PP-one is a byproduct from the overoxidation of PP-ol and is usually difficult to be further cleaved to acetophenone and phenol as the desirable aromatic monomers. TEA was first identified in this study as a sacrificial electron donor, a hydrogen source, and a mediator to enhance the cleavage of the Cβ-O bonds in PP-one. With the assistance of TEA, PP-one can be completely cleaved to desirable aromatic monomer products, and the reaction time is reduced from several hours to 10 min of visible light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongyang Yue
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Shibo Shao
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
- Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Guanchu Lu
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Yi Huang
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emission Surveillance and Control for Thermal Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Longzihu New Energy Laboratory, Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xianfeng Fan
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei SX, Yang H, Au CT, Xie TL, Yin SF. Mixing Characteristic and High-Throughput Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles with Cubic Hexagonal Phase Junctions in a Chaotic Millireactor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14439-14450. [PMID: 36378533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A four-stage oscillating feedback millireactor with splitters (S-OFM) was designed to improve the mixing performance based on chaotic advection. Three-dimensional CFD simulations were used to investigate its flow characteristics and mixing performance, and the generation mechanisms of secondary flows were examined. The results show that the mixing index (MIcup) increased with the increase in the Reynolds number (Re), and MIcup could reach 99.8% at Re = 663. Poincaré mapping and Kolmogorov entropy were adopted to characterize the chaotic advection intensity, which indicates that there is a intensity increase with the increase in Re. In addition, the results of Villermaux-Dushman experiments demonstrate that S-OFM performs excellently, and the mixing time could reach 1.04 ms at Re = 2764. Finally, S-OFM was successfully used to synthesize CdS nanoparticles with cubic hexagonal phase junctions. At a flow rate of 180 mL/min, the average particle size was 10.5 nm and the particle size distribution was narrow (with a coefficient of variation of 0.14).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xiao Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou350002, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Liang Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha410082, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|