β-Cyclodextrin-Modified Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Breathability, Moisture-Wicking, and Antistatic Performance

Optimizing prodigiosin nanoencapsulation in different wall materials by freeze drying: Characterization and release kinetics

Prodigiosin, a microbial pigment, was produced using Serratia marcescens and encapsulated with β-cyclodextrin (BCD), maltodextrin (MD), gum Arabic (GA), and soy protein isolate (SPI) to enhance stability and bioavailability. Emulsions were prepared by dissolving wall materials (5 % w/v) in water, mixing with prodigiosin in ethanol (1:1), and adding Tween 80 as an emulsifier. The mixture was ultrasonicated, homogenized, and freeze-dried to form nanoparticles. Encapsulation efficiencies were 81.15 % (PBCDN), 76.93 % (PMDN), 89.15 % (PGAN), and 85.22 % (PSPIN). Particle size ranged from 115.63 to 181.42 nm, with PGAN having the largest size. FTIR confirmed successful encapsulation, while DSC indicated enhanced thermal stability, particularly in GA-based nanoparticles. In vitro release studies showed controlled release, with PGAN exhibiting the slowest release in gastric conditions. These results suggest GA is the most effective wall material for improving prodigiosin stability and controlled release for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.

Design and Coupled Moisture-Thermal Transfer Simulation of Opposite Cross-Section Polyethylene Terephthalate Knitted Fabric with Hygroscopic Quick-Drying Capability

In addition to sportswear and outdoor equipment, moisture-absorbent quick-drying fabrics are also widely used in everyday clothing and home textiles. In this study, three types of weft-knitted fabrics were designed using Coolmax fiber and polypropylene fiber. The Coolmax/PP fabric exhibits good stretchability with a strain of 180.5% and achieves a high cumulative individual transfer capability of 691.6%, with a water absorption rate of 50.2%/s. The moisture conductivity gradient presented good moisture and heat conductivity in a simulated human body temperature environment using an infrared camera. Furthermore, mathematical modeling was constructed and visual simulation analysis was conducted to explore moisture-thermal transfer behavior. The simulation results closely align with experimental data, providing insights into designing flexible and wearable quick-drying fabrics for thermal management.

Fabrication of multi-functional gelatin/deep eutectic solvent/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membranes via electrospinning

In this work, gelatin was dissolved in sodium acetate trihydrate/urea deep eutectic solvent (DES) and then mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) spinning solution to prepare composite nanofiber membranes via electrospinning. The rheological properties of gelatin/DES (Gel/DES) solution and gelatin/DES/PAN (GDES/PAN) spinning solution were investigated. Besides, the water vapor transmittance rate, water contact angle, and antistatic and mechanical properties of GDES/PAN nanofiber membranes had also been evaluated and the composition and structure of GDES/PAN nanofiber membranes had also been characterized by SEM, EDS and FTIR further. Due to the introduction of DES components and gelatin, the composite nanofibers presented a smooth surface, small diameter, uniform distribution and good continuity. GDES/PAN nanofiber membranes also exhibited desirable breathable properties, hydrophilicity, antistatic properties and mechanical strength compared with the PAN nanofiber membrane. GDES/PAN nanofiber membranes would provide new opportunities for the application of gelatin and DES in the electrospinning field.

Applications of nanotechnology in smart textile industry: A critical review

Background

In recent years, nanotechnology has been playing an important role in designing smart fabrics. Nanomaterials have been employed to introduce in a sustainable manner, antimicrobial, ultraviolet resistant, electrically conductive, optical, hydrophobic and flame-retardant properties into textiles and garments. Nanomaterial based smart devices are now also being integrated with the textiles so as to perform various functions such as energy harvesting and storage, sensing, drug release and optics. These advancements have found wide applications in the fashion industry and are being developed for wider use in defence, healthcare and on-body energy harnessing applications.

Aim of review

The objective of this work is to provide an insight into the current trends of using nanotechnology in the modern textile industries and to inspire and anticipate further research in this field. This review provides an overview of the most current advances concerning on-body electronics research and the wonders which could be realized by nanomaterials in modern textiles in terms of total energy reliance on our clothes.

Key scientific concepts of review

The work underlines the various methods and techniques for the functionalization of nanomaterials and their integration into textiles with an emphasis on cost-effectiveness, comfort, wearability, energy conversion efficiency and eco-sustainability. The most recent trends of developing various nanogenerators, supercapacitors and photoelectronic devices on the fabric are highlighted, with special emphasis on the efficiency and wearability of the textile. The potential nanotoxicity associated with the processed textiles due to the tendency of these nanomaterials to leach into the environment along with possible remediation measures are also discussed. Finally, the future outlook regarding progress in the integration of smart nano-devices on textile fabrics is provided.