Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane with Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by ZnxZr1–xO2–x Solid Solutions

Advances in CO2-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes to light alkenes

The CO2-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of light alkanes offers a promising route for converting underutilized resources into valuable chemical feedstocks while addressing environmental challenges associated with CO2 emissions. CO2 plays a dual role in ODH by acting as a mild oxidant that enhances product selectivity and catalyst stability while preventing carbon deposition through the Reverse Water-Gas Shift (RWGS) and Boudouard reactions. The review has elucidated a variety of catalyst design and optimization strategies that may guide the future development of novel CO2-assisted ODH catalysts with improved alkane conversion, superior alkene selectivity, and long-term stability. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural characteristics, catalytic performances, and reaction mechanisms of typical catalysts, including transition metal catalysts (e. g., Cr-based, Co-based, V-based), metal oxide catalysts (e. g., Ga-based, In-based), noble metal catalysts (e. g., Pt-based, Ru-based), and bimetallic catalysts. Special attention is given to the structure-performance relationship of these catalysts, emphasizing how changes in promoters, supports, and morphology affect critical properties such as redox behavior, acidity-basicity balance, dispersion of active components, and catalyst-support interactions. Finally, future research directions and perspectives for the CO2-assisted ODH of ethane and propane are proposed, with a focus on advancing catalyst design and optimization strategies. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring the potential of CO2-assisted ODH in promoting sustainable production of light alkenes.

One-dimensional Ga2O3-Al2O3 nanofibers with unsaturated coordination Ga: Catalytic dehydrogenation of propane under CO2 atmosphere with excellent stability

The pressing demand for propylene has spurred intensive research on the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane to produce propylene. Gallium-based catalysts are regarded as highly promising due to their exceptional dehydrogenation activity in the presence of CO2. However, the inherent coking issue associated with high temperature reactions poses a constraint on the stability development of this process. In this study, we employed the electrospinning method to prepare a range of Ga2O3-Al2O3 mixed oxide one-dimensional nanofiber catalysts with varying molar ratios for CO2 oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (CO2-OPDH). The propane conversion was up to 48.4 % and the propylene selectivity was high as 96.8 % at 500 °C, the ratio of propane to carbon dioxide is 1:2. After 100 h of reaction, the catalyst still maintains approximately 10 % conversion and exhibits a propylene selectivity of around 98 %. The electrospinning method produces one-dimensional nanostructures with a larger specific surface area, unique multi-stage pore structure and low-coordinated Ga3+, which enhances mass transfer and accelerates reaction intermediates. This results in less coking and improved catalyst stability. The high activity of the catalyst is attributed to an abundance of low-coordinated Ga3+ ions associated with weak/medium-strong Lewis acid centers. In situ infrared analysis reveals that the reaction mechanism involves a two-step dehydrogenation via propane isocleavage, with the second dehydrogenation of Ga-OR at the metal-oxygen bond being the decisive speed step.

Crystal Engineering of MOF-Derived Bimetallic Oxide Solid Solution Anchored with Au Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Syngas and C2 Hydrocarbons

Considering that CO2 reduction is mostly a multielectron reaction, it is necessary for the photocatalysts to integrate multiple catalytic sites and cooperate synergistically to achieve efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction to various products, such as C2 hydrocarbons. Herein, through crystal engineering, we designed and constructed a metal-organic framework-derived Zr/Ti bimetallic oxide solid solution support, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. After anchoring Au nanoparticles, the composite photocatalyst exhibited excellent performances toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction to syngas (H2 and CO production rates of 271.6 and 260.6 μmol g-1 h-1) and even C2 hydrocarbons (C2H4 and C2H6 production rates of 6.80 and 4.05 μmol g-1 h-1). According to the control experiments and theoretical calculations, the strong interaction between bimetallic oxide solid solution support and Au nanoparticles was found to be beneficial for binding intermediates and reducing CO2 reduction, highlighting the synergy effect of the catalytic system with multiple active sites.

Metallic Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane Using CO2

The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane using CO₂ (CO₂ -ODP) is a promising technique for realizing high-yield propylene production and CO₂ usage. Developing a highly efficient catalyst for CO₂ -ODP is essential and beneficial to the chemical industry and for realizing net-zero emissions. Many studies have investigated metal oxide-based catalysts, revealing that rapid deactivation and low selectivity remain limiting factors for their industrial applications. In recent years, metallic nanoparticle catalysts have become increasingly attractive due to their unique properties. Therefore, we summarize the performance of metal-based catalysts in CO₂ -ODP reactions by considering catalyst design concepts, different mechanisms in the reaction process, and the role of CO₂ .

CeO2-Promoted PtSn/SiO2 as a High-Performance Catalyst for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane with Carbon Dioxide

The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂ (CO₂-ODP) has been extensively investigated as a promising green technology for the efficient production of propylene, but the lack of a high-performance catalyst is still one of the main challenges for its industrial application. In this work, an efficient catalyst for CO₂-ODP was developed by adding CeO₂ to PtSn/SiO₂ as a promoter via the simple impregnation method. Reaction results indicate that the addition of CeO₂ significantly improved the catalytic activity and propylene selectivity of the PtSn/SiO₂ catalyst, and the highest space-time yield of 1.75 g(C₃H₆)·g(catalyst)^-1·h^-1 was achieved over PtSn/SiO₂ with a Ce loading of 6 wt%. The correlation of the reaction results with the characterization data reveals that the introduction of CeO₂ into PtSn/SiO₂ not only improved the Pt dispersion but also regulated the interaction between Pt and Sn species. Thus, the essential reason for the promotional effect of CeO₂ on CO₂-ODP performance was rationally ascribed to the enhanced adsorption of propane and CO₂ originating from the rich oxygen defects of CeO₂. These important understandings are applicable in further screening of promoters for the development of a high-performance Pt-based catalyst for CO₂-ODP.