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Ahmad MI, Liu Y, Wang Y, Cao P, Yu H, Li H, Chen S, Quan X. Enhanced Photocatalytic Synthesis of Urea from co-Reduction of N 2 and CO 2 on Z-Schematic SrTiO 3-FeS-CoWO 4 Heterostructure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202419628. [PMID: 39559909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202419628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic co-reduction of CO2 and N2 is a sustainable method for urea synthesis under mild conditions. However, high-yield synthesis of urea is a challenge due to the sluggish kinetics of the C-N coupling reaction. Herein, we have successfully engineered a Z-scheme photocatalyst, SrTiO3-FeS-CoWO4, for boosting photocatalytic urea synthesis via enhancing the initial CO2 and N2 adsorption step and reducing the energy barrier for the C-N coupling reaction. A high urea yield of 8054.2 μg ⋅ gcat -1 ⋅ h-1 was achieved on SrTiO3-FeS-CoWO4, which was significantly higher than the state-of-the-art. The SrTiO3-FeS-CoWO4 Z-scheme photocatalyst, with accelerated charge transfer by FeS, not only had dual active sites for the chemical adsorption and activation of CO2 and N2, but also retained the high conduction band (-1.50 eV) and accelerated supply of electrons and protons, which are responsible for its good photoreduction activity and significantly reduced energy barrier for the rate-determining step of C-N coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Peike Cao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Houfen Li
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Herzog AE, Michael TJ, Dunkelberger AD, Johannes MD, Rolison DR, DeSario PA, Novak TG. Nanostructured CeO 2 photocatalysts: optimizing surface chemistry, morphology, and visible-light absorption. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9659-9679. [PMID: 38683667 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00676c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Emerging photocatalytic applications of cerium dioxide (CeO2) include green hydrogen production, CO2 conversion to fuels, and environmental remediation of various toxic molecules. These applications leverage the oxygen storage capacity and tunable surface chemistry of CeO2 to photocatalyze the chosen reaction, but many open questions remain regarding the fundamental physics of photocatalysis over CeO2. The commonly ascribed 'bandgap' of CeO2 (∼3.1 eV) differs fundamentally from other photocatalytic oxides such as TiO2; UV light excites an electron from the CeO2 valence band into a 4f state, generating a polaron as the lattice distorts around the localized charge. Researchers often disregard the distinction between the 4f state and a traditional, delocalized conduction band, resulting in ambiguity regarding mechanisms of charge transfer and visible-light absorption. This review summarizes modern literature regarding CeO2 photocatalysis and discusses commonly reported photocatalytic reactions and visible light-sensitization strategies. We detail the often misunderstood fundamental physics of CeO2 photocatalysis and supplement previous work with original computational insights. The exceptional progress and remaining challenges of CeO2-based photocatalysts are highlighted, along with suggestions for further research directions based on the observed gaps in current understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin E Herzog
- NRC Postdoctoral Associate, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA
| | - Tara J Michael
- NRC Postdoctoral Associate, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA
| | - Adam D Dunkelberger
- Chemistry Division (Code 6100), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA.
| | - Michelle D Johannes
- Materials Science and Technology Division (Code 6300), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA
| | - Debra R Rolison
- Chemistry Division (Code 6100), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA.
| | - Paul A DeSario
- Former NRL Staff Scientist in Code 6100, Advanced Naval Platforms Division, Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, 22203, USA
| | - Travis G Novak
- Chemistry Division (Code 6100), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375, USA.
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Chen X, Pan WG, Hong LF, Hu X, Wang J, Bi ZX, Guo RT. Ti 3 C 2 -modified g-C 3 N 4 /MoSe 2 S-Scheme Heterojunction with Full-Spectrum Response for CO 2 Photoreduction to CO and CH 4. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300179. [PMID: 37041127 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Energy shortage and global warming caused by the extensive use of fossil fuels are urgent problems to be solved at present. Photoreduction of CO2 is considered to be a feasible solution. The ternary composite catalyst g-C3 N4 /Ti3 C2 /MoSe2 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and its physical and chemical properties were studied by an array of characterization and tests. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of this series of catalysts under full spectrum irradiation was also tested. It is found that the CTM-5 sample has the best photocatalytic activity, and the yields of CO and CH4 are 29.87 and 17.94 μmol g-1 h-1 , respectively. This can be ascribed to the favorable optical absorption performance of the composite catalyst in the full spectrum and the establishment of S-scheme charge transfer channel. The formation of heterojunctions can effectively promote charge transfer. The addition of Ti3 C2 materials provides plentiful active sites for CO2 reaction, and its superior electrical conductivity is also favorable for the migration of photogenerated electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Guo Pan
- College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Environment Protection, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
- Shanghai Non-carbon energy conversion and utilization institute, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Long-Fei Hong
- College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Xing Hu
- College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Xu Bi
- College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Tang Guo
- College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Environment Protection, Shanghai, 200090, P. R. China
- Shanghai Non-carbon energy conversion and utilization institute, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Rajan ST, Senthilnathan J, Arockiarajan A. Sputter -coated N-enriched mixed metal oxides (Ta 2O 5-Nb 2O 5-N) composite: A resilient solar driven photocatalyst for water purification. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131283. [PMID: 37023577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the formation of N-enriched mixed metal oxides (Ta2O5-Nb2O5-N and Ta2O5-Nb2O5) thin film composites used as photocatalysts to degrade P-Rosaniline Hydrochloride (PRH-Dye) dye under solar radiation. By controlling the N gas flow rate during the sputtering process, the N concentration in the Ta2O5-Nb2O5-N composite is significantly included, and demonstrated by XPS and HRTEM analysis. With the help of XPS and HRTEM investigations, it was determined that the addition of N to Ta2O5-Nb2O5-N significantly enhances the active sites. The Ta-O-N bond (N 1 s and Ta 4p3/2 spectra) was verified by the XPS spectra. Ta2O5-Nb2O5 was found to have a lattice interplanar distance (d-spacing) of 2.52, whereas Ta2O5-Nb2O5-N showed the 2.5 (620 planes). A sputter-coated Ta2O5-Nb2O5and Ta2O5-Nb2O5-N photocatalysts were prepared, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated using PRH-Dye as a model pollutant under solar radiation by adding H2O2 (0.01 mol). The photocatalytic activity of the Ta2O5-Nb2O5-N composite was compared with TiO2 (P-25) and Ta2O5-Nb2O5. Ta2O5-Nb2O5-N showed very high photocatalytic activity compared to Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Ta2O5-Nb2O5 under solar radiation and confirmed the presence of N in Ta2O5-Nb2O5-N significantly increased the generation of ˙OH radicals (in pH 3, 7 and 9). With the use of LC/MS, the stable intermediates or metabolite created during the photooxidation of PRH-Dye were assessed. The results of this study will provide useful insights on how Ta2O5-Nb2O5-N influences the efficiency of water pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thanka Rajan
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - A Arockiarajan
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; Ceramic Technology Group -Center of Excellence in Materials and Manufacturing Futuristic Mobility, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai 600036, India.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Yu X, Zhang L, Deng L, Liu YN. Covalent-Coupled Zn 0.4Cd 0.6S with g-C 3N 4 as a Sheet-on-Sheet Z-Scheme Photocatalyst for Water Splitting. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Liu Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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