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Lu L, Chang CW, Schuyten S, Roy A, Sholl DS, Lively RP. Nonadditive CO 2 Uptake of Type II Porous Liquids Based on Imine Cages. Chemphyschem 2025:e2400985. [PMID: 40179224 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
Type II porous liquids can potentially exploit the fluidity of liquids and sorption properties of porous sorbents, yet CO2 uptake in porous liquids is still poorly understood. Molecular simulations and experiments are used to examine CO2 uptake by a prototypical porous liquid composed of porous organic cages (CC13) in 2'-hydroxyacetophenone (2'-HAP). The simulations are in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements of CO2 solubility and provide unambiguous information on the partitioning of CO2 within microenvironments in the liquid. Analysis of CO2 dynamics is performed using these simulations, including assessing the self-diffusivity of CO2 in both the neat solvent and porous liquid. This offers insights into the kinetics of CO2 uptake and transport in type II porous liquids based on imine cages. Experiments with type II porous liquids formed by dissolving CC13 in three different size-excluded solvents show nonadditive CO2 absorption relative to predictions based on ideal volume additivity. This nonadditive absorption behavior is also observed in simulations. Nonadditive CO2 uptake is also demonstrated in type II porous liquids based on another imine-based porous cage, CC19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Chao-Wen Chang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | - Ankana Roy
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - David S Sholl
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37839, USA
| | - Ryan P Lively
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Robinson Brown D, Hurlock MJ, Nenoff TM, Rimsza JM. Control of Permanent Porosity in Type 3 Porous Liquids via Solvent Clustering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:5496-5505. [PMID: 39789765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c18837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Porous liquids (PLs) are an exciting new class of materials for carbon capture due to their high gas adsorption capacity and ease of industrial implementation. They are composed of sorbent particles suspended in a nonadsorbed solvent, forming a liquid with permanent porosity. While PLs have a vast number of potential compositions based on the number of solvents and sorbent materials available, most of the research has been focused on the selection of the sorbent rather than the solvent. Therefore, PL design criteria on the supramolecular structures of the solvent are explored to create a fundamental understanding of how the solvent enables PL formation for rapid discovery of new PL compositions. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of eight solvents with a range of molecular sizes, shapes, and intramolecular bonding was performed, identifying that the shape and size of molecular clusters formed in the solvent are the driving predictor of PL formation rather than the size of the individual solvent molecule. The results demonstrate a significant departure from common approaches to PL formation based on the steric exclusion of solvent molecules from the sorbent via the size of the pore aperture. A modeling and experimental validation study further supports these findings. Through this computational material design study, a previously unexplored mechanism in PL formation, solvent-solvent clustering, is identified as a critical factor for the accelerated discovery of liquid phase carbon capture materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Robinson Brown
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Matthew J Hurlock
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia national Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Tina M Nenoff
- Advanced Science & Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Jessica M Rimsza
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
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Hurlock MJ, Lu L, Sarswat A, Chang CW, Rimsza JM, Sholl DS, Lively RP, Nenoff TM. Exploitation of Pore Structure for Increased CO 2 Selectivity in Type 3 Porous Liquids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:51639-51648. [PMID: 39277871 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
CO2 capture requires materials with high adsorption selectivity and an industrial ease of implementation. To address these needs, a new class of porous materials was recently developed that combines the fluidity of solvents with the porosity of solids. Type 3 porous liquids (PLs) composed of solvents and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a promising alternative to current liquid carbon capture methods due to the inherent tunability of the nanoporous MOFs. However, the effects of MOF structural features and solvent properties on CO2-MOF interactions within PLs are not well understood. Herein experimental and computational data of CO2 gas adsorption isotherms were used to elucidate both solvent and pore structure influences on ZIF-based PLs. The roles of the pore structure including solvent size exclusion, structural environment, and MOF porosity on PL CO2 uptake were examined. A comparison of the pore structure and pore aperture was performed using ZIF-8, ZIF-L, and amorphous-ZIF-8. Adsorption experiments here have verified our previously proposed solvent size design principle for ZIF-based PLs (1.8× ZIF pore aperture). Furthermore, the CO2 adsorption isotherms of the ZIF-based PLs indicated that judicious selection of the pore environment allows for an increase in CO2 selectivity greater than expected from the individual PL components or their combination. This nonlinear increase in the CO2 selectivity is an emergent behavior resulting from the complex mixture of components specific to the ZIF-L + 2'-hydroxyacetophenone-based PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hurlock
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Akriti Sarswat
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chao-Wen Chang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jessica M Rimsza
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - David S Sholl
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Transformational Decarbonization Initiative, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Ryan P Lively
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tina M Nenoff
- Advanced Science and Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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Rimsza JM, Duwal S, Root HD. Impact of Vertex Functionalization on Flexibility of Porous Organic Cages. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29025-29034. [PMID: 38973899 PMCID: PMC11223230 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Efficient carbon capture requires engineered porous systems that selectively capture CO2 and have low energy regeneration pathways. Porous liquids (PLs), solvent-based systems containing permanent porosity through the incorporation of a porous host, increase the CO2 adsorption capacity. A proposed mechanism of PL regeneration is the application of isostatic pressure in which the dissolved nanoporous host is compressed to alter the stability of gases in the internal pore. This regeneration mechanism relies on the flexibility of the porous host, which can be evaluated through molecular simulations. Here, the flexibility of porous organic cages (POCs) as representative porous hosts was evaluated, during which pore windows decreased by 10-40% at 6 GPa. POCs with sterically smaller functional groups, such as the 1,2-ethane in the CC1 POC resulted in greater imine cage flexibility relative to those with sterically larger functional groups, such as the cyclohexane in the CC3 POC that protected the imine cage from the application of pressure. Structural changes in the POC also caused CO2 adsorption to be thermodynamically unfavorable beginning at ∼2.2 GPa in the CC1 POC, ∼1.1 GPa in the CC3 POC, and ∼1.0 GPa in the CC13 POC, indicating that the CO2 would be expelled from the POC at or above these pressures. Energy barriers for CO2 desorption from inside the POC varied based on the geometry of the pore window and all the POCs had at least one pore window with a sufficiently low energy barrier to allow for CO2 desorption under ambient temperatures. The results identified that flexibility of the CC1, CC3, or CC13 POCs under compression can result in the expulsion of captured gas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Rimsza
- Geochemistry
Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Sakun Duwal
- Dynamic
Material Properties Department, Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Harrison D. Root
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
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Hurlock M, Christian MS, Rimsza JM, Nenoff TM. Design Principles Guiding Solvent Size Selection in ZIF-Based Type 3 Porous Liquids for Permanent Porosity. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:224-237. [PMID: 38496053 PMCID: PMC10941279 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Porous liquids (PLs), which are solvent-based systems that contain permanent porosity due to the incorporation of a solid porous host, are of significant interest for the capture of greenhouse gases, including CO2. Type 3 PLs formed by using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the nanoporous host provide a high degree of chemical turnability for gas capture. However, pore aperture fluctuation, such as gate-opening in zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) MOFs, complicates the ability to keep the MOF pores available for gas adsorption. Therefore, an understanding of the solvent molecular size required to ensure exclusion from MOFs in ZIF-based Type 3 PLs is needed. Through a combined computational and experimental approach, the solvent-pore accessibility of exemplar MOF ZIF-8 was examined. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations identified that the lowest-energy solvent-ZIF interaction occurred at the pore aperture. Experimental density measurements of ZIF-8 dispersed in various-sized solvents showed that ZIF-8 adsorbed solvent molecules up to 2 Å larger than the crystallographic pore aperture. Density analysis of ZIF dispersions was further applied to a series of possible ZIF-based PLs, including ZIF-67, -69, -71(RHO), and -71(SOD), to examine the structure-property relationships governing solvent exclusion, which identified eight new ZIF-based Type 3 PL compositions. Solvent exclusion was driven by pore aperture expansion across all ZIFs, and the degree of expansion, as well as water exclusion, was influenced by ligand functionalization. Using these results, a design principle was formulated to guide the formation of future ZIF-based Type 3 PLs that ensures solvent-free pores and availability for gas adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
J. Hurlock
- Nanoscale Sciences
Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Matthew S. Christian
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jessica M. Rimsza
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Tina M. Nenoff
- Advanced Science and
Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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