Solubility of N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl Benzidine (NPB) in Various Organic Solvents: Measurement and Correlation with the Hansen Solubility Parameter

Solubility, Thermodynamic Parameters, and Dissolution Properties of 17-α Hydroxyprogesterone in 13 Pure Solvents

The static gravimetric method was used to measure the solubility of 17-α hydroxyprogesterone (OHP) in 13 pure solvents ranging from 278.15 to 323.15 K. The results indicate that the experimental solubility of OHP increases with increasing temperature. The experimental solubility data were correlated by the selected van't Hoff model, λh model, modified Apelblat model, Yaws model, and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model. The fitting results show that the Yaws model can give better correlation results by fitting 13 different pure solvent systems. Based on the NRTL equation, the thermodynamic analysis of solubility data showed that the mixing process was spontaneous. The Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) and solvent effect were applied to explore these solubility characteristics. Finally, the thermodynamic properties ΔsolH°, ΔsolS°, ΔsolG°, %ξH, and %ξTS were calculated by the van't Hoff model equation. The results showed that ΔsolH°, ΔsolS°, and ΔsolG° are all positive values, indicating that the dissolution of OHP in the selected solvent is an endothermic reaction with increasing entropy.

Green solvents, materials, and lead-free semiconductors for sustainable fabrication of perovskite solar cells

Perovskite materials research has received unprecedented recognition due to its applications in photovoltaics, LEDs, and other large area low-cost electronics. The exceptional improvement in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved over the last decade has prompted efforts to develop and optimize device fabrication technologies for the industrial and commercial space. However, unstable operation in outdoor environments and toxicity of the employed materials and solvents have hindered this proposition. While their optoelectronic properties are extensively studied, the environmental impacts of the materials and manufacturing methods require further attention. This review summarizes and discusses green and environment-friendly methods for fabricating PSCs, particularly non-toxic solvents, and lead-free alternatives. Greener solvent choices are surveyed for all the solar cell films, (i.e. electron and hole transport, semiconductor, and electrode layers) and their impact on thin film quality, morphology and device performance is explored. We also discuss lead content in perovskites, its environmental impact and sequestration routes, and progress in replacing lead with greener alternatives. This review provides an analysis of sustainable green routes in perovskite solar cell fabrication, discussing the impact of each layer in the device stack, via life cycle analysis.

Improving the Solubility of Artificial Ligands of Streptavidin to Enable More Practical Reversible Switching of Protein Localization in Cells

Chemical inducers that can control target-protein localization in living cells are powerful tools to investigate dynamic biological systems. We recently reported the retention using selective hook or "RUSH" system for reversible localization change of proteins of interest by addition/washout of small-molecule artificial ligands of streptavidin (ALiS). However, the utility of previously developed ALiS was restricted by limited solubility in water. Here, we overcame this problem by X-ray crystal structure-guided design of a more soluble ALiS derivative (ALiS-3), which retains sufficient streptavidin-binding affinity for use in the RUSH system. The ALiS-3-streptavidin interaction was characterized in detail. ALiS-3 is a convenient and effective tool for dynamic control of α-mannosidase II localization between ER and Golgi in living cells.