1
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Fan Y, Lin H, Kang L, Che S. Silica Nanoparticles Modified by Biphenyl Groups for Crack-Free Coating on Synthetic Paper. ACS OMEGA 2025; 10:1061-1066. [PMID: 39829511 PMCID: PMC11739971 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c08360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Water-based acrylic emulsions are a crucial component of water-based ink. Preventing visible cracks in emulsion coating during drying is a great challenge due to the high polarity and high surface tension of water. Herein, we propose that the cracking resistance of the coating can be enhanced through the incorporation of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. The hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were fabricated by the modification of biphenyl groups to the surface of silica nanoparticles through postcoating using dimethoxydiphenylsilane. The presence of phenyl groups on the surface of biphenyl-modified silica nanoparticles (BPSNs) was confirmed by the Raman spectrum, Sears number, and zeta potential measurements. The formation of large cracks was significantly reduced by the incorporation of BPSN into water-based acrylic emulsion coatings. BPSN strengthens the forces of attraction between the resin particles in coatings, enabling the coating to resist the stresses caused by drying. This work provides a simple method to obtain crack-free coatings of water-based acrylic emulsion on a nonabsorbent substrate, offering a promising strategy for the printing industry to broaden the application of water-based ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Fan
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haifeng Lin
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Libin Kang
- Kehan
Colloidal Silica Materials Company Limited, Shandong 276700, China
| | - Shunai Che
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Naser NY, Wixson WC, Larson H, Cossairt BM, Pozzo LD, Baneyx F. Biomimetic mineralization of positively charged silica nanoparticles templated by thermoresponsive protein micelles: applications to electrostatic assembly of hierarchical and composite superstructures. SOFT MATTER 2025; 21:166-178. [PMID: 39526900 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00907j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
High information content building blocks offer a path toward the construction of precision materials by supporting the organization and reconfiguration of organic and inorganic components through engineered functions. Here, we combine thermoresponsiveness with biomimetic mineralization by fusing the Car9 silica-binding dodecapeptide to the C-terminus of the (VPGVG)54 elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). Using small angle X-ray scattering, we show that the short Car9 cationic block is sufficient to promote the conversion of disordered unimers into 30 nm micelles comprising about 150 proteins, 5 °C above the transition temperature of the ELP. While both species catalyze self-limiting silica precipitation, micelles template the mineralization of highly monodisperse (62 nm) nanoparticles, while unimers yield larger polydisperse species. Strikingly, and unlike traditional synthetic silica, these particles exhibit a positive surface charge, likely due to cationic Car9 sidechains projecting from their surface. Capitalizing on the high monodispersity and positive charge of the micelle-templated products, we use smaller silica and gold particles bearing a native negative charge to create a variety of superstructures via electrostatic co-assembly. This simple biomimetic route to positively charged silica eliminates the need for multiple precursors or surface modifications and enables the rapid creation of single-material and composite architectures in which components of different sizes or compositions are well dispersed and integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Y Naser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - William C Wixson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - Helen Larson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - Lilo D Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - François Baneyx
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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3
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Biswas P, Livni N, Paul D, Aram L, Safadi R, Varsano N, Elad N, Kamyshinsky R, Leskes M, Gal A. A pH-Dependent Phase Separation Drives Polyamine-Mediated Silicification from Undersaturated Solutions. ACS NANO 2024; 18:33998-34006. [PMID: 39641753 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c08707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Silica polymerization from its soluble monomers is fundamental to many chemical processes. Although industrial methods require harsh conditions and concentrated precursors, biological silica precipitation occurs under ambient conditions from dilute solutions. The hallmark of biosilica is the presence of amine-rich organic macromolecules, but their functional role remains elusive. Here, we show a pH-dependent stimulatory effect of such polyamines on silica polymerization. Notably, this process is decoupled from the saturation degree, allowing the synthesis of polymer-silica hybrid products with controlled network morphologies from undersaturated solutions. The data suggest a two-step phase separation process. First, an associative liquid-liquid phase separation forms a micrometer-size dense phase. Second, silica undergoes a liquid-to-solid transition in the supersaturated condensates to form a bicontinuous silica structure. This study can inspire "soft chemistry" routes to design organic-inorganic nanomaterials with regulatory principles optimized by evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protap Biswas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nitzan Livni
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Debojit Paul
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Aram
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Razi Safadi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Neta Varsano
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Roman Kamyshinsky
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Leskes
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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4
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Afridi AM, Aktary M, Shaheen Shah S, Mitu Sheikh SI, Jahirul Islam G, Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M, Abdul Aziz M. Advancing Electrical Engineering with Biomass-derived Carbon Materials: Applications, Innovations, and Future Directions. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400144. [PMID: 39529417 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing global shift towards sustainability in electrical engineering necessitates novel materials that offer both ecological and technical benefits. Biomass-derived carbon materials (BCMs) are emerging as cornerstones in this transition due to their sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and versatile properties. This review explores the expansive role of BCMs across various electrical engineering applications, emphasizing their transformative impact and potential in fostering a sustainable technological ecosystem. The fundamentals of BCMs are investigated, including their unique structures, diverse synthesis procedures, and significant electrical and electrochemical properties. A detailed examination of recent innovations in BCM applications for energy storage, such as batteries and supercapacitors, and their pivotal role in developing advanced electronic components like sensors, detectors, and electromagnetic interference shielding composites has been covered. BCMs offer superior electrical conductivities, tunable surface chemistries, and mechanical properties compared to traditional carbon sources. These can be further enhanced through innovative doping and functionalization techniques. Moreover, this review identifies challenges related to scalability and uniformity in properties and proposes future research directions to overcome these hurdles. By integrating insights from recent studies with a forward-looking perspective, this paper sets the stage for the next generation of electrical engineering solutions powered by biomass-derived materials, aligning technological advancement with environmental stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Mojahid Afridi
- Department of Physics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbuba Aktary
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shaheen Shah
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - Sharif Iqbal Mitu Sheikh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - M Nasiruzzaman Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Alexe F, Sau C, Iorga O, Toader G, Diacon A, Rusen E, Lazaroaie C, Ginghina RE, Tiganescu TV, Teodorescu M, Sobetkii A. Experimental Investigations on Shear Thickening Fluids as "Liquid Body Armors": Non-Conventional Formulations for Ballistic Protection. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2305. [PMID: 39204525 PMCID: PMC11359824 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Shear thickening fluids (STFs) have garnered attention as potential enhancers of protective capabilities and for the optimization of Kevlar® armor design. To assess the possible shear thickening properties and potential application in ballistic protection, ten formulations were developed by employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polypropylene glycol (PPG), along with fumed silica or Aerosil HDK®. Rheological characterization facilitated the identification of formulations displaying shear thickening behavior. The potential integration of the selected shear thickening fluids (STFs) into Kevlar®-based composites was investigated by studying the impact resistance of Kevlar® soft armor structures. Also, high-velocity impact testing revealed that the distance between aramid layers plays a crucial role in the impact resistance effectiveness of Kevlar®-STF composite structures and that there is a very narrow domain between optimal and undesired scenarios in which STF could facilitate the penetration of Kevlar. The introduction of STF between the Kevlar sheets disrupted this packing and the energy absorption capacity of the material was not improved. Only one formulation (PEG400, Aerosil 27 wt.%) led to a less profound traumatic imprint and stopped the bullet when it was placed between layers no.1 and no.2 from a total of 11 layers of Kevlar XP. These experimental findings align with the modeling and simulation of Kevlar®-STF composites using Ansys simulation software (Ansys® AutoDyn 2022 R2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Alexe
- Research and Innovation Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, 225 Olteniţei Ave., 041327 Bucharest, Romania; (F.A.); (C.S.); (C.L.); (R.E.G.)
| | - Ciprian Sau
- Research and Innovation Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, 225 Olteniţei Ave., 041327 Bucharest, Romania; (F.A.); (C.S.); (C.L.); (R.E.G.)
| | - Ovidiu Iorga
- Research and Innovation Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, 225 Olteniţei Ave., 041327 Bucharest, Romania; (F.A.); (C.S.); (C.L.); (R.E.G.)
| | - Gabriela Toader
- Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39-49 George Cosbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (T.V.T.)
| | - Aurel Diacon
- Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39-49 George Cosbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (T.V.T.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politechnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania (M.T.)
| | - Edina Rusen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politechnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania (M.T.)
| | - Claudiu Lazaroaie
- Research and Innovation Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, 225 Olteniţei Ave., 041327 Bucharest, Romania; (F.A.); (C.S.); (C.L.); (R.E.G.)
| | - Raluca Elena Ginghina
- Research and Innovation Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, 225 Olteniţei Ave., 041327 Bucharest, Romania; (F.A.); (C.S.); (C.L.); (R.E.G.)
| | - Tudor Viorel Tiganescu
- Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39-49 George Cosbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (T.V.T.)
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politechnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania (M.T.)
| | - Arcadie Sobetkii
- SC MGM Star Construct SRL, 7 Pincota Street, 021784 Bucharest, Romania;
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6
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Abdelhamid MAA, Khalifa HO, Ki MR, Pack SP. Nanoengineered Silica-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6125. [PMID: 38892312 PMCID: PMC11172759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of regenerative medicine is undergoing a transformative shift with the emergence of nanoengineered silica-based biomaterials. Their unique confluence of biocompatibility, precisely tunable porosity, and the ability to modulate cellular behavior at the molecular level makes them highly desirable for diverse tissue repair and regeneration applications. Advancements in nanoengineered silica synthesis and functionalization techniques have yielded a new generation of versatile biomaterials with tailored functionalities for targeted drug delivery, biomimetic scaffolds, and integration with stem cell therapy. These functionalities hold the potential to optimize therapeutic efficacy, promote enhanced regeneration, and modulate stem cell behavior for improved regenerative outcomes. Furthermore, the unique properties of silica facilitate non-invasive diagnostics and treatment monitoring through advanced biomedical imaging techniques, enabling a more holistic approach to regenerative medicine. This review comprehensively examines the utilization of nanoengineered silica biomaterials for diverse applications in regenerative medicine. By critically appraising the fabrication and design strategies that govern engineered silica biomaterials, this review underscores their groundbreaking potential to bridge the gap between the vision of regenerative medicine and clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hazim O. Khalifa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
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7
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Sim YL, Lee J, Oh SM, Kim DB, Kim K, Baeck SH, Shim SE, Qian Y. Mitigation of Silicon Contamination in Fuel Cell Gasket Materials through Silica Surface Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:914. [PMID: 38611172 PMCID: PMC11013664 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gaskets and seals are essential components in the operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and are required for keeping hydrogen and air/oxygen within their individual compartments. The durability of these gaskets and seals is necessary, as it influences not only the lifespan but also the electrochemical efficiency of the PEM fuel cell. In this study, the cause of silicon leaching from silicone gaskets under simulated fuel cell conditions was investigated. Additionally, to reduce silicon leaching, the silica surface was treated with methyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane. Changes in the silica surface chemistry were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy analysis revealed that surface-treated silica was highly effective in reducing silicon leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Lim Sim
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NengYuan Street 2, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.B.K.)
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.B.K.)
| | - Su Min Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.B.K.)
| | - Dong Beom Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.B.K.)
| | - Kijong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.B.K.)
| | - Sung-Hyeon Baeck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.B.K.)
| | - Sang Eun Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.B.K.)
| | - Yingjie Qian
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NengYuan Street 2, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.B.K.)
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8
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Schenck L, Risteen B, Johnson LM, Koynov A, Bonaga L, Orr R, Hancock B. A Commentary on Co-Processed API as a Promising Approach to Improve Sustainability for the Pharmaceutical Industry. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:306-313. [PMID: 38065243 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products represent a meaningful target for sustainability improvement and emissions reduction. It is proposed here that rethinking the standard, and often linear, approach to the synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) and subsequent formulation and drug product processing will deliver transformational sustainability opportunities. The greatest potential arguably involves API that have challenging physico-chemical properties. These can require the addition of excipients that can significantly exceed the weight of the API in the final dosage unit, require multiple manufacturing steps to achieve materials amenable to delivering final dosage units, and need highly protective packaging for final product stability. Co-processed API are defined as materials generated via addition of non-covalently bonded, non-active components during drug substance manufacturing steps, differing from salts, solvates and co-crystals. They are an impactful example of provocative re-thinking of historical regulatory and quality precedents, blurring drug substance and drug product operations, with sustainability opportunities. Successful examples utilizing co-processed API can modify properties with use of less excipient, while simultaneously reducing processing requirements by delivering material amenable to continuous manufacturing. There are also opportunities for co-processed API to reduce the need for highly protective packaging. This commentary will detail the array of sustainability impacts that can be delivered, inclusive of business, regulatory, and quality considerations, with discussion on potential routes to more comprehensively commercialize co-processed API technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Oral Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States.
| | - Bailey Risteen
- Pharma Solutions, BASF Corporation, Florham Park, New Jersey 07932, United States
| | | | - Athanas Koynov
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Llorente Bonaga
- CMC Pharmaceutical Development and New Products, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Robert Orr
- CMC Pharmaceutical Development and New Products, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bruno Hancock
- Drug Product Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton CT 06340, United States
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9
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Cao R, Wang C, Zhou C, Liu Y, Yin Y, Chen H, Li F, Zhou W, Xu M, Yang W. Polymeric Surfactant (PIBSA-X) Facilitates the Formation of a Water-in-Oil Emulsion Reactor for the Preparation of Ultrasmall Nanosilica. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44647-44658. [PMID: 38046313 PMCID: PMC10688208 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread application of ultrasmall nanosilica, solving its aggregation problem during the preparation process remains a challenge. In this paper, ultrasmall nanosilica with a controllable size and aggregates were prepared through the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion method by using polyisobutylene succinic anhydride-type polymeric surfactants (PIBSA-X) as an isolating agent. PIBSA-X polymeric surfactants with different hydrophilic groups were prepared using industrial-grade PIBSA, which can form stable W/O-type emulsions well. Subsequently, the W/O-type emulsion droplets were used as reactors and tetraethyl orthosilicate was hydrolyzed under ammonia alkaline conditions to synthesize ultrasmall nanosilica (10 nm). Furthermore, the morphological evolution of nanosilica aggregates can be tuned by varying the oil/water ratio, which controls the emulsion droplets. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain why the emulsion method approach affords nanosilica aggregates with various morphologies and pellet size in water-in-oil (W/O-type) emulsion droplets. This study provides a precise and simple synthetic method for the development of ultrasmall nanosilica, which has good potential to be industrialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chengliang Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Guizhou
Juneng Chemical Co, Ltd, Huishui County
of Guizhou Province, Huishui 550601, PR China
| | - Yating Yin
- Guizhou
Juneng Chemical Co, Ltd, Huishui County
of Guizhou Province, Huishui 550601, PR China
| | - Haibao Chen
- Guizhou
Juneng Chemical Co, Ltd, Huishui County
of Guizhou Province, Huishui 550601, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wending Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meisong Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wanliang Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou
Provincial Double Carbon and Renewable Energy Technology Innovation
Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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10
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Miyauchi M. Water Adsorption on Hydrophilic Fibers and Porous and Deliquescent Materials: Cellulose, Polysaccharide, Silica, Inorganic Salt, Sugar Alcohol, and Amino Acid. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44212-44220. [PMID: 38027329 PMCID: PMC10666253 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Water adsorption isotherms are systematically summarized by using celluloses and polysaccharides as hydrophilic crystal/amorphous materials with functional groups, silicas as hydrophilic porous materials, and inorganic salts, sugar alcohols, and amino acids as hygroscopic deliquescent materials. For hydrophilic fibers such as celluloses and polysaccharides, water was adsorbed on amorphous solids, and water clusters were formed around functional groups. For porous materials such as silicas, capillary condensation occurred in the micropores of silicas. For deliquescent materials such as inorganic salts, sugar alcohols, and amino acids, water adsorption rapidly increased stepwise at a specific threshold relative humidity, accompanied with a structure transformation to a liquid state. In addition, the water activity (Aw) of materials used in packed products was able to be estimated from the water adsorption isotherms of the pure component. This indicated that the deliquescent materials have a great effect on the depression of Aw for the suppression of microbial growth at an extremely high water content. The deliquescent materials could be useful to develop new environmentally and sustainable products and technologies with the mediation of water vapor and/or hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Miyauchi
- Tobacco Science Research
Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8512, Japan
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11
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Gomez MG, Muchongwe ST, Graddy CMR. Biomediated control of colloidal silica grouting using microbial fermentation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14184. [PMID: 37648736 PMCID: PMC10468516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal silica grouting is a ground improvement technique capable of stabilizing weak problematic soils and achieving large reductions in soil hydraulic conductivities for applications including earthquake-induced liquefaction mitigation and groundwater flow control. In the conventional approach, chemical accelerants are added to colloidal silica suspensions that are introduced into soils targeted for improvement and the formation of a semi-solid silica gel occurs over time at a rate controlled by suspension chemistry and in situ geochemical conditions. Although the process has been extensively investigated, controlling the rate of gel formation in the presence of varying subsurface conditions and the limited ability of conventional methods to effectively monitor the gel formation process has posed practical challenges. In this study, a biomediated soil improvement process is proposed which utilizes enriched fermentative microorganisms to control the gelation of colloidal silica grouts through solution pH reductions and ionic strength increases. Four series of batch experiments were performed to investigate the ability of glucose fermenting microorganisms to be enriched in natural sands to induce geochemical changes capable of mediating silica gel formation and assess the effect of treatment solution composition on pH reduction behaviors. Complementary batch and soil column experiments were subsequently performed to upscale the process and explore the effectiveness of chemical, hydraulic, and geophysical methods to monitor microbial activity, gel formation, and engineering improvements. Results demonstrate that fermentative microorganisms can be successfully enriched and mediate gel formation in suspensions that would otherwise remain highly stable, thereby forgoing the need for chemical accelerants, increasing the reliability and control of colloidal silica grouting, enabling new monitoring approaches, and affording engineering enhancements comparable to conventional colloidal silica grouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Gomez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Samantha T Muchongwe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Charles M R Graddy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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12
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Fait F, Steinbach JC, Kandelbauer A, Mayer HA. Incorporation of silica nanoparticles into porous templates to fabricate mesoporous silica microspheres for high performance liquid chromatography applications. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464190. [PMID: 37419014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography is one of the most important analytical tools for the identification and separation of substances. The efficiency of this method is largely determined by the stationary phase of the columns. Although monodisperse mesoporous silica microspheres (MPSM) represent a commonly used material as stationary phase their tailored preparation remains challenging. Here we report on the synthesis of four MPSMs via the hard template method. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) which form the silica network of the final MPSMs were generated in situ from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized p(GMA-co-EDMA) as hard template. Methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol were applied as solvents to control the size of the SNPs in the hybrid beads (HB). After calcination, MPSMs with different sizes, morphology and pore properties were obtained and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, solid state NMR and DRIFT IR spectroscopy. Interestingly, the 29Si NMR spectra of the HBs show T and Q group species which suggests that there is no covalent linkage between the SNPs and the template. The MPSMs were functionalized with trimethoxy (octadecyl) silane and used as stationary phases in reversed-phase chromatography to separate a mixture of eleven different amino acids. The separation characteristics of the MPSMs strongly depend on their morphology and pore properties which are controlled by the solvent during the preparation of the MPSMs. Overall, the separation behavior of the best phases is comparable with those of commercially available columns. The phases even achieve faster separation of the amino acids without loss of quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fait
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, Reutlingen 72762, Germany
| | - Julia C Steinbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, Reutlingen 72762, Germany
| | - Andreas Kandelbauer
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, Reutlingen 72762, Germany; Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering (MAP), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Hermann A Mayer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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13
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Montini D, Cara C, D’Arienzo M, Di Credico B, Mostoni S, Nisticò R, Pala L, Scotti R. Recent Advances on Porous Siliceous Materials Derived from Waste. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5578. [PMID: 37629869 PMCID: PMC10456868 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, significant efforts have been made in view of a transition from a linear to a circular economy, where the value of products, materials, resources, and waste is maintained as long as possible in the economy. The re-utilization of industrial and agricultural waste into value-added products, such as nanostructured siliceous materials, has become a challenging topic as an effective strategy in waste management and a sustainable model aimed to limit the use of landfill, conserve natural resources, and reduce the use of harmful substances. In light of these considerations, nanoporous silica has attracted attention in various applications owing to the tunable pore dimensions, high specific surface areas, tailorable structure, and facile post-functionalization. In this review, recent progress on the synthesis of siliceous materials from different types of waste is presented, analyzing the factors influencing the size and morphology of the final product, alongside different synthetic methods used to impart specific porosity. Applications in the fields of wastewater/gas treatment and catalysis are discussed, focusing on process feasibility in large-scale productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Montini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (M.D.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Claudio Cara
- Fluorsid S.p.A., Strada Macchiareddu 2a, 09032 Assemini, Italy; (C.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Massimiliano D’Arienzo
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (M.D.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Barbara Di Credico
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (M.D.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Mostoni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (M.D.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Roberto Nisticò
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (M.D.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Luca Pala
- Fluorsid S.p.A., Strada Macchiareddu 2a, 09032 Assemini, Italy; (C.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Roberto Scotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (M.D.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.)
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14
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Zou H, Ren Y. Synthetic strategies for nonporous organosilica nanoparticles from organosilanes. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37326150 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organosilica nanoparticles refer to silica nanoparticles containing carbon along with organic or functional groups and can be divided into mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles and nonporous organosilica nanoparticles. During the past few decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of organosilica nanoparticles directly from organosilanes. However, most of the reports have focused on mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles, while relatively few are concerned with nonporous organosilica nanoparticles. The synthesis of nonporous organosilica nanoparticles typically involves (i) self-condensation of an organosilane as the single source, (ii) co-condensation of two or more types of organosilanes, (iii) co-condensation of tetraalkoxysilane and an organosilane, and (iv) spontaneous emulsification and the subsequent radical polymerization of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TPM). This article aims to provide a review on the synthetic strategies of this important type of colloidal particle, followed by a brief discussion on their applications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zou
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Yuhang Ren
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
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15
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Norvilaite O, Lindsay C, Taylor P, Armes SP. Silica-Coated Micrometer-Sized Latex Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5169-5178. [PMID: 37001132 PMCID: PMC10100546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of silica-coated micrometer-sized poly(methyl methacrylate) latex particles are prepared using a Stöber silica deposition protocol that employs tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a soluble silica precursor. Given the relatively low specific surface area of the latex particles, silica deposition is best conducted at relatively high solids to ensure a sufficiently high surface area. Such conditions aid process intensification. Importantly, physical adsorption of chitosan onto the latex particles prior to silica deposition minimizes secondary nucleation and promotes the formation of silica shells: in the absence of chitosan, well-defined silica overlayers cannot be obtained. Thermogravimetry studies indicate that silica formation is complete within a few hours at 20 °C regardless of the presence or absence of chitosan. Kinetic data obtained using this technique suggest that the adsorbed chitosan chains promote surface deposition of silica onto the latex particles but do not catalyze its formation. Systematic variation of the TEOS/latex mass ratio enables the mean silica shell thickness to be tuned from 45 to 144 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of silica-coated latex particles after calcination at 400 °C confirm the presence of hollow silica particles, which indicates the formation of relatively smooth (albeit brittle) silica shells under optimized conditions. Aqueous electrophoresis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies are also consistent with latex particles coated in a uniform silica overlayer. The silica deposition formulation reported herein is expected to be a useful generic strategy for the efficient coating of micrometer-sized particles at relatively high solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Norvilaite
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - C. Lindsay
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International
Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - P. Taylor
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International
Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - S. P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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16
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Yang W, Zhou Y, Jin B, Qi X, Cai B, Yin Q, Pfaendtner J, De Yoreo JJ, Chen CL. Designing sequence-defined peptoids for fibrillar self-assembly and silicification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:450-459. [PMID: 36542974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the biological environment, mineral crystals exquisitely controlled by biomacromolecules often show intricate hierarchical structures and superior mechanical properties. Among these biominerals, spicules, hybrid silica/protein superstructures serving as skeletal elements in demosponges, represent an excellent example for motivating the synthesis of silica materials. Herein, by designing sequence-defined peptoids containing side chains with a strong binding to silica, we demonstrated that self-assembly of these peptoids into fiber structures enables the mimicking of both biocatalytic and templating functions of silicatein filaments for the formation of silica fibers at near-neutral pH and ambient temperature. We further showed that the presence of amino groups is significant for the nucleation of silica on self-assembled peptoid nanofibers. Molecular dynamics simulation further confirmed that having silica-binding of amino side chains is critical for self-assembled peptoid fibers in triggering silica formation. We demonstrated that tuning inter-peptoid interactions by varying carboxyl and amino side chains significantly influences the assembly kinetics and final morphologies of peptoid assemblies as scaffolds for directing silica mineralization to form silica spheres, fibers, and sheets. The formation of silica shell on peptoid fibers increased the mechanical property of peptoid hydrogel materials by nearly 1000-fold, highlighting the great potential of using silicification to enhance the mechanical property of hydrogel materials for applications including tissue engineering. Since peptoids are highly robust and programmable, we expect that self-assembly of peptoids containing solid-binding side chains into hierarchical materials opens new opportunities in the design and synthesis of highly tunable scaffolds that direct the formation of composite nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yicheng Zhou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Biao Jin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Bin Cai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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17
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Strobl J, Kozak F, Kamalov M, Reichinger D, Kurzbach D, Becker CFW. Understanding Self-Assembly of Silica-Precipitating Peptides to Control Silica Particle Morphology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207586. [PMID: 36509953 PMCID: PMC11475327 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The most advanced materials are those found in nature. These evolutionary optimized substances provide highest efficiencies, e.g., in harvesting solar energy or providing extreme stability, and are intrinsically biocompatible. However, the mimicry of biological materials is limited to a few successful applications since there is still a lack of the tools to recreate natural materials. Herein, such means are provided based on a peptide library derived from the silaffin protein R5 that enables rational biomimetic materials design. It is now evident that biomaterials do not form via mechanisms observed in vitro. Instead, the material's function and morphology are predetermined by precursors that self-assemble in solution, often from a combination of protein and salts. These assemblies act as templates for biomaterials. The RRIL peptides used here are a small part of the silica-precipitation machinery in diatoms. By connecting RRIL motifs via varying central bi- or trifunctional residues, a library of stereoisomers is generated, which allows characterization of different template structures in the presence of phosphate ions by combining residue-resolved real-time NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Understanding these templates in atomistic detail, the morphology of silica particles is controlled via manipulation of the template precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Strobl
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 38Vienna109Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem)University of ViennaWähringer Str. 42Vienna1090Austria
| | - Fanny Kozak
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 38Vienna109Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem)University of ViennaWähringer Str. 42Vienna1090Austria
| | - Meder Kamalov
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 38Vienna109Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem)University of ViennaWähringer Str. 42Vienna1090Austria
| | - Daniela Reichinger
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 38Vienna109Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem)University of ViennaWähringer Str. 42Vienna1090Austria
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 38Vienna109Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem)University of ViennaWähringer Str. 42Vienna1090Austria
| | - Christian FW Becker
- Institute of Biological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 38Vienna109Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem)University of ViennaWähringer Str. 42Vienna1090Austria
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18
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Dos Santos da Silva A, Dos Santos JHZ. Stöber method and its nuances over the years. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 314:102888. [PMID: 37001206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Some characteristics of silica-based materials, such as the control/adjustment of their physical and chemical properties, compatibility, and friendly-use synthesis methods, have held the attention of several scientific groups over the years. This condition of prominence becomes even more evident when we seek these characteristics at the micro- and/or nanoscale. Among existing methods to obtain these micro/nanomaterials, the Stöber method is the focus of this review. This method is known to enable the production of silica micro- or nanoparticles from reagents of medium-easy manipulation under mild conditions using equipment that is common in most laboratories. However, this method has many nuances that must be considered to guarantee accurate results, either in size or distribution, and to ensure result reproducibility. Thus, in this review, we discuss the effects of the primary components used in the synthesis of these materials (i.e., TEOS, ammonia, and water), as well as those of other reaction conditions, such as solvent, temperature, and ionic strength. Therefore, we discuss studies involving the synthesis and characterization of micro- and nanoparticles over the years to establish discussions between their experimental observations and proposed models. This review provides experimental observations about the synthesis of these materials, as well as discussions according to complementary and/or contradictory evidence found over the years. This review seeks to help those who intend to work with this method and provide certain key points that, in our experience, can be important to obtain desired results.
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19
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Synthesis of Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanospheroids with O/W Emulsion and Al(III) Incorporation and Its Catalytic Activity for the Synthesis of 5-HMF from Carbohydrates. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the particle size as well as porosity and shape of silica nanoparticles is always a big challenge while tuning their properties. Here, we designed a cost-effective, novel, green synthetic method for the preparation of perforated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PHMS-1) using a very minute amount of cationic surfactant in o/w-type (castor oil in water) emulsion at room temperature. The grafting of Al(III) through post-synthetic modification onto this silica framework (PHMS-2, Si/Al ~20 atomic percentage) makes this a very efficient solid acid catalyst for the conversion of monosaccharides to 5-HMF. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area for the pure silica and Al-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were found to be 866 and 660 m2g−1, respectively. Powder XRD, BET and TEM images confirm the mesoporosity of these materials. Again, the perforated hollow morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopic analysis. Al-doped hollow MSNs were tested for acid catalytic-biomass conversion reactions. Our results show that PHMS-2 has much higher catalytic efficiency than contemporary aluminosilicate frameworks (83.7% of 5-HMF yield in 25 min at 160 °C for fructose under microwave irradiation).
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20
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Chen H, Jia X, Fairweather M, Hunter TN. Characterising the sedimentation of bidisperse colloidal silica using analytical centrifugation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2023.103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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21
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Role of silica (SiO2) nano/micro-particles in the functionality of degradable packaging films/coatings and their application in food preservation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Garcia-Gonzalez M, Narmontaite E, Cervantes FV, Plou FJ, Betancor L, Fernandez-Lobato M. Continuous production of honey oligosaccharides in packed-bed reactors with immobilized α-glucosidase from Metschnikowia reukaufii. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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YEASMİN MN, SULTANA M, SİDDİKA A, TABASSUM S, MAHMUD ULLAH S, BASHAR MS. Structural, Optical, and Morphological Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Process. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current years, silica nanoparticles have become more favorable in various disciplines like medicine, nano-biotechnology, the food industry, and drug delivery due to their tunable physicochemical characteristics. In this paper, the silica nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrolysis and condensation of tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate (TEOS) in an ethanolic medium using ammonia as a stimulator in the reaction. The chemical bond structures of silica nanoparticles were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) which confirmed the existence of the Si-O bonds according to the different absorption peaks of the samples. The amorphous structure of these nanoparticles was certified by finding the board peaks in the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns. The elemental chemical composition of silica nanoparticles was investigated by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) where 61.48wt % of silicon and 23.48wt% of oxygen were found. Almost round-shaped spherical and uniform silica nanoparticles with smooth surfaces were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurement. The different particle sizes of silica nanoparticles within the range of 95±5.59 to 280±7.8 nm were found by controlling the concentration of TEOS. The optical absorption spectra and band gap calculations were also analyzed by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry for the different concentrations of TEOS. The results revealed that with increasing the concentration of TEOS, the absorption spectra of silica nanoparticles increased and their optical bandgap decreased from 3.92 eV to 3.79 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most. Nilufa YEASMİN
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development , Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial research, dhaka-1205
| | - Munira SULTANA
- institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka-1205
| | - Ayesha SİDDİKA
- institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka-1205
| | - Samia TABASSUM
- institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka-1205
| | - Saeed MAHMUD ULLAH
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Shahriar BASHAR
- institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka-1205
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24
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Perchepied S, Ritchie H, Desmet G, Eeltink S. Insights in column packing processes of narrow bore and capillary-scale columns: Methodologies, driving forces, and separation performance – A tutorial review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1235:340563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Chen FC, Liu WJ, Zhu WF, Yang LY, Zhang JW, Feng Y, Ming LS, Li Z. Surface Modifiers on Composite Particles for Direct Compaction. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102217. [PMID: 36297653 PMCID: PMC9612340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct compaction (DC) is considered to be the most effective method of tablet production. However, only a small number of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be successfully manufactured into tablets using DC since most APIs lack adequate functional properties to meet DC requirements. The use of suitable modifiers and appropriate co-processing technologies can provide a promising approach for the preparation of composite particles with high functional properties. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and classification of different modifiers and their multiple combinations that may improve API tableting properties or prepare composite excipients with appropriate co-processed technology, as well as discuss the corresponding modification mechanism. Moreover, it provides solutions for selecting appropriate modifiers and co-processing technologies to prepare composite particles with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Cai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preparation of Modern TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wen-Jun Liu
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330049, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation of Modern TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ling-Yu Yang
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330049, China
| | - Ji-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation of Modern TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Preparation of Modern TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang-Shan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Preparation of Modern TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence: (L.-S.M.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-791-8711-9027 (L.-S.M. & Z.L.)
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Preparation of Modern TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence: (L.-S.M.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-791-8711-9027 (L.-S.M. & Z.L.)
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Liu JY, Sayes CM. A toxicological profile of silica nanoparticles. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:565-582. [PMID: 36051665 PMCID: PMC9424711 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are regularly exposed to silica nanoparticles in environmental and occupational contexts, and these exposures have been implicated in the onset of adverse health effects. Existing reviews on silica nanoparticle toxicity are few and not comprehensive. There are natural and synthetic sources by which crystalline and amorphous silica nanoparticles are produced. These processes influence physiochemical properties, which are factors that can dictate toxicological effects. Toxicological assessment includes exposure scenario (e.g. environmental, occupational), route of exposure, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics. Broader considerations include pathology, risk assessment, regulation, and treatment after injury. This review aims to consolidate the most relevant and up-to-date research in these areas to provide an exhaustive toxicological profile of silica nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Corresponding author: Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States.
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27
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Park G, Lee H, Hyun Sim J, Kim A, Kim M, Paeng K. Polymer Segmental Dynamics Near the Interface of Silica Particles in the Particle/Polymer Composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 629:256-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shukla MS, Hande PE, Chandra S. Porous Silica Support for Immobilizing Chiral Metal Catalyst: Unravelling the Activity of Catalyst on Asymmetric Organic Transformations. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi S. Shukla
- Department of Chemistry Sunandan Divatia School of Science SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Vile Parle (W) Mumbai 400056 India
| | - Pankaj E. Hande
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Sudeshna Chandra
- Department of Chemistry Sunandan Divatia School of Science SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Vile Parle (W) Mumbai 400056 India
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29
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Zhai H, Bendikov T, Gal A. Phase Separation of Oppositely Charged Polymers Regulates Bioinspired Silicification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115930. [PMID: 35187784 PMCID: PMC9314620 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In nature, simple organisms evolved mechanisms to form intricate biosilica nanostructures, far exceeding current synthetic manufacturing. Based on the properties of extracted biomacromolecules, polycation-polyanion pairs were suggested as moderators of biosilica formation. However, the chemical principles of this polymer-induced silicification remain unclear. Here, we used a biomimetic polycation-polyanion system to study polymer-induced silicification. We demonstrate that it is the polymer phase separation process, rather than silica-polymer interactions, which controls silica precipitation. Since ionic strength controls this electrostatic phase separation, it can be used to tune the morphology and structure of the precipitates. In situ cryo electron microscopy highlights the pivotal role of the hydrated polymer condensates in this process. These results pave the road for developing nanoscale morphologies of bioinspired silica based on the chemistry of liquid-liquid phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhai
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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30
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Kuang G, Du Y, Lu S, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Fan X, Bilal M, Cui J, Jia S. Silica@lipase hybrid biocatalysts with superior activity by mimetic biomineralization in oil/water two-phase system for hydrolysis of soybean oil. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Gao Y, Zhang Y, Hong Y, Wu F, Shen L, Wang Y, Lin X. Multifunctional Role of Silica in Pharmaceutical Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:90. [PMID: 35296944 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high surface area, adjustable surface and pore structures, and excellent biocompatibility, nano- and micro-sized silica have certainly attracted the attention of many researchers in the medical fields. This review focuses on the multifunctional roles of silica in different pharmaceutical formulations including solid preparations, liquid drugs, and advanced drug delivery systems. For traditional solid preparations, it can improve compactibility and flowability, promote disintegration, adjust hygroscopicity, and prevent excessive adhesion. As for liquid drugs and preparations, like volatile oil, ethers, vitamins, and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, silica with adjustable pore structures is a good adsorbent for solidification. Also, silica with various particle sizes, surface characteristics, pore structure, and surface modification controlled by different synthesis methods has gained wide attention owing to its unparalleled advantages for drug delivery and disease diagnosis. We also collate the latest pharmaceutical applications of silica sorted out by formulations. Finally, we point out the thorny issues for application and survey future trends pertaining to silica in an effort to provide a comprehensive overview of its future development in the medical fields. Graphical Abstract.
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32
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Zhai H, Bendikov T, Gal A. Phase Separation of Oppositely Charged Polymers Regulates Bioinspired Silicification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
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33
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Robles-Jimarez HR, Sanjuan-Navarro L, Jornet-Martínez N, Primaz CT, Teruel-Juanes R, Molins-Legua C, Ribes-Greus A, Campíns-Falcó P. New silica based adsorbent material from rice straw and its in-flow application to nitrate reduction in waters: Process sustainability and scale-up possibilities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150317. [PMID: 34818774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows a particular example to move to a sustainable circular economical process from valorization of rice straw ashes by developing a green synthesis for obtaining a useful sub-product. This strategy can palliate negative effects of the agriculture waste practices on the environment and also the obtained silica reduced nitrate content in waters. It is demonstrated that the silica synthesis developed at lab was scalable more than a hundred times with good results. Adsorption studies of nitrate in standards and real well waters at lab scale and scaling-up provided similar results. Adsorption values near to 15 mg/g for nitrate standards and 8.5 mg/g for well water were obtained until achieving the initial nitrate concentration. Experimental breakthrough curves fitted to Thomas model, which gave similar results for adsorption capacities. The adsorption capacity was checked with that obtained by a commercial resin, providing improved results. The method at large scale was compared with industrial traditional methods and green adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Robles-Jimarez
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Sanjuan-Navarro
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Jornet-Martínez
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - C T Primaz
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Teruel-Juanes
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Molins-Legua
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Ribes-Greus
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Campíns-Falcó
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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34
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Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of quartz nanocrystals — Implications from a simple kinetic growth model. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yang K, Sadeghi Pouya E, Liu L, Li M, Yang X, Robinson N, May EF, Johns ML. Low‐Field NMR Relaxation Analysis of High‐Pressure Ethane Adsorption in Mesoporous Silicas. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100794. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaishuo Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway (M050) Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Ehsan Sadeghi Pouya
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway (M050) Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway (M050) Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway (M050) Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Xiaoxian Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway (M050) Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Neil Robinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway (M050) Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Eric F. May
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway (M050) Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Michael L. Johns
- Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway (M050) Perth WA 6009 Australia
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36
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Gallagher SH, Schlauri P, Cesari E, Durrer J, Brühwiler D. Silica particles with fluorescein-labelled cores for evaluating accessibility through fluorescence quenching by copper. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6459-6467. [PMID: 34913026 PMCID: PMC8577346 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00599e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell particles with fluorescent cores were synthesised by growing silica shells on fluorescein-labelled Stöber-type particles. The porosity of the shell could be altered in a subsequent pseudomorphic transformation step, without affecting the particle size and shape. These core-shell particles constitute a platform for the evaluation of pore connectivity and core accessibility by observing the effect of a quencher on the fluorescence signal emitted by the fluorescein-labelled cores. In combination with argon sorption measurements, quenching experiments with copper provided valuable information on the porosity generated during the shell formation process. It was further observed that the introduction of well-defined mesopores by pseudomorphic transformation in the presence of a structure-directing agent reduces the core accessibility. This led to the conclusion that the analysis by conventional gas sorption methods paints an incomplete picture of the mesoporous structure, in particular with regard to pores that do not offer an unobstructed path from the external particle surface to the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Gallagher
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences CH-8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Paul Schlauri
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences CH-8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Cesari
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences CH-8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Julian Durrer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences CH-8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Dominik Brühwiler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences CH-8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
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Sun X, Yu X, Cheng F, He W. Cationic polymeric template-mediated preparation of silica nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8995-9007. [PMID: 34611687 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00773d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosilicification allows the formation of complex and delicate biogenic silica in near-neutral solutions under ambient conditions. Studies have revealed that, during biosilicification, basic amino acid residues and long-chain polyamines of organic substrates interact electrostatically with negatively charged silicate precursors in solution, catalyzing the polycondensation of silicic acid and accelerating the formation of silica. This mechanism has inspired researchers to explore polymers bearing chemical similarity with these organic matrices as cationic templates for biomimetic silicification. Such templates can be classified into two general categories based on the physical forms applied. One is a solution of water-soluble cationic polymers, either natural or synthetic, used as is for silicification. The other category includes various microscopically shaped entities made of cationic polymer-containing molecules, in the form of micelles, vesicles, crystalline aggregates, latex particles, and microgels. Combined with controlled polymerization and other techniques, these preorganized templates can be tailor designed in terms of sizes and morphologies to allow further expansion of properties and functions. In this review, notable research progress for both categories of silicification under biomimetic conditions is discussed. With the merits of silica and cationic polymers seamlessly integrated, the potential of such versatile nanocomposites in biomedical as well as energy and environmental applications is also briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Xueying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
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Serenko O, Skupov K, Bakirov A, Kuchkina N, Shifrina Z, Muzafarov A. Porosity of Rigid Dendrimers in Bulk: Interdendrimer Interactions and Functionality as Key Factors. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102600. [PMID: 34685040 PMCID: PMC8537161 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The porous structure of second- and third-generation polyphenylene-type dendrimers was investigated by adsorption of N2, Ar, and CO2 gases, scanning electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray spectroscopy. Rigid dendrimers in bulk are microporous and demonstrate a molecular sieve effect. When using CO2 as an adsorbate gas, the pore size varies from 0.6 to 0.9 nm. This is most likely due to the distances between dendrimer macromolecules or branches of neighboring dendrimers, whose packing is mostly realized due to intermolecular interactions, in particular, π-π interactions of aromatic fragments. Intermolecular interactions prevent the manifestation of the porosity potential inherent to the molecular 3D structure of third-generation dendrimers, while for the second generation, much higher porosity is observed. The maximum specific surface area for the second-generation dendrimers was 467 m2/g when measured by CO2 adsorption, indicating that shorter branches of these dendrimers do not provide dense packing. This implies that the possible universal method to create porous materials for all kinds of rigid dendrimers is by a placement of bulky substituents in their outer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Serenko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., GSP-1, V-334, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.S.); (N.K.); (Z.S.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kirill Skupov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., GSP-1, V-334, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.S.); (N.K.); (Z.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Artem Bakirov
- N.S. Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117393 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nina Kuchkina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., GSP-1, V-334, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.S.); (N.K.); (Z.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Zinaida Shifrina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., GSP-1, V-334, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.S.); (N.K.); (Z.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Aziz Muzafarov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., GSP-1, V-334, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.S.); (N.K.); (Z.S.); (A.M.)
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Nguyen TKM, Ki MR, Son RG, Kim KH, Hong J, Pack SP. Synthesis of sub-50 nm bio-inspired silica particles using a C-terminal-modified ferritin template with a silica-forming peptide. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Videira-Quintela D, Martin O, Montalvo G. Emerging opportunities of silica-based materials within the food industry. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Kim S, Lee SH, Choi S, Ahn SK, Jang GD, Park JS, Seong DG. Overcoming the trade-off relationship between mechanical and adhesive properties of acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive thin-film by reinforcing polydopamine-coated silica nanoparticles. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Brandão F, Costa C, Bessa MJ, Dumortier E, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Hubaux R, Salmon M, Laloy J, Stan MS, Hermenean A, Gharbia S, Dinischiotu A, Bannuscher A, Hellack B, Haase A, Fraga S, Teixeira JP. Genotoxicity and Gene Expression in the Rat Lung Tissue following Instillation and Inhalation of Different Variants of Amorphous Silica Nanomaterials (aSiO 2 NM). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1502. [PMID: 34200147 PMCID: PMC8228975 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several reports on amorphous silica nanomaterial (aSiO2 NM) toxicity have been questioning their safety. Herein, we investigated the in vivo pulmonary toxicity of four variants of aSiO2 NM: SiO2_15_Unmod, SiO2_15_Amino, SiO2_7 and SiO2_40. We focused on alterations in lung DNA and protein integrity, and gene expression following single intratracheal instillation in rats. Additionally, a short-term inhalation study (STIS) was carried out for SiO2_7, using TiO2_NM105 as a benchmark NM. In the instillation study, a significant but slight increase in oxidative DNA damage in rats exposed to the highest instilled dose (0.36 mg/rat) of SiO2_15_Amino was observed in the recovery (R) group. Exposure to SiO2_7 or SiO2_40 markedly increased oxidative DNA lesions in rat lung cells of the exposure (E) group at every tested dose. This damage seems to be repaired, since no changes compared to controls were observed in the R groups. In STIS, a significant increase in DNA strand breaks of the lung cells exposed to 0.5 mg/m3 of SiO2_7 or 50 mg/m3 of TiO2_NM105 was observed in both groups. The detected gene expression changes suggest that oxidative stress and/or inflammation pathways are likely implicated in the induction of (oxidative) DNA damage. Overall, all tested aSiO2 NM were not associated with marked in vivo toxicity following instillation or STIS. The genotoxicity findings for SiO2_7 from instillation and STIS are concordant; however, changes in STIS animals were more permanent/difficult to revert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Brandão
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (C.C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U. Porto—University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (C.C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Bessa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (C.C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U. Porto—University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elise Dumortier
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (E.D.); (F.D.-C.)
| | - Florence Debacq-Chainiaux
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (E.D.); (F.D.-C.)
| | - Roland Hubaux
- StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, 5032 Les Isnes, Belgium; (R.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Michel Salmon
- StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, 5032 Les Isnes, Belgium; (R.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Julie Laloy
- Namur Nanosafety Centre, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Miruna S. Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.S.); (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.S.); (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.D.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Sami Gharbia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.S.); (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.D.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.S.); (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Anne Bannuscher
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (A.H.)
- Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bryan Hellack
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA) e.V., 47229 Duisburg, Germany;
- German Environment Agency (UBA), 06844 Dessau-Roβlau, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Sónia Fraga
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (C.C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (C.C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
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Can sustainable, monodisperse, spherical silica be produced from biomolecules? A review. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kurka DW, Niehues M, Kudruk S, Gerke V, Ravoo BJ. Polythiolactone-Decorated Silica Particles: A Versatile Approach for Surface Functionalization, Catalysis and Encapsulation. Chemistry 2021; 27:7667-7676. [PMID: 33788322 PMCID: PMC8252643 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The surface chemistry of colloidal silica has tremendous effects on its properties and applications. Commonly the design of silica particles is based on their de novo synthesis followed by surface functionalization leading to tailormade properties for a specific purpose. Here, the design of robust "precursor" polymer-decorated silica nano- and microparticles is demonstrated, which allows for easy post-modification by polymer embedded thiolactone chemistry. To obtain this organic-inorganic hybrid material, silica particles (SiO2 P) were functionalized via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) with poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA)-poly(thiolactone acrylamide (PThlAm) co-polymer brushes. Exploiting the versatility of thiolactone post-modification, a system was developed that could be used in three exemplary applications: 1) the straightforward molecular post-functionalization to tune the surface polarity, and therefore the dispersibility in various solvents; 2) the immobilization of metal nanoparticles into the polymer brushes via the in situ formation of free thiols that preserved catalytic activity in a model reaction; 3) the formation of redox-responsive, permeable polymer capsules by crosslinking the thiolactone moieties with cystamine dihydrochloride (CDH) followed by dissolution of the silica core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Werner Kurka
- Organic Chemistry Institute/Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149Münster
- Busso-Peus-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
| | - Maximilian Niehues
- Organic Chemistry Institute/Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149Münster
- Busso-Peus-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
| | - Sergej Kudruk
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterVon-Esmarch-Straße 5648149 MünsterGermany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterVon-Esmarch-Straße 5648149 MünsterGermany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute/Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149Münster
- Busso-Peus-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
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Curley R, Banta RA, Garvey S, Holmes JD, Flynn EJ. Biomimetic spherical silica production using phosphatidylcholine and soy lecithin. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Tetrabutylammonium bromide assisted preparation of monodispersed submicrometer silica particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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Fei S, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Tang Z, Wu Q. Continuous synthesis of monodisperse silica microspheres over 1 μm size. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Clough JM, Weder C, Schrettl S. Mechanochromism in Structurally Colored Polymeric Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000528. [PMID: 33210385 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochromic effects in structurally colored materials are the result of deformation-induced changes to their ordered nanostructures. Polymeric materials which respond in this way to deformation offer an attractive combination of characteristics, including continuous strain sensing, high strain resolution, and a wide strain-sensing range. Such materials are potentially useful for a wide range of applications, which extend from pressure-sensing bandages to anti-counterfeiting devices. Focusing on the materials design aspects, recent developments in this field are summarized. The article starts with an overview of different approaches to achieve mechanochromic effects in structurally colored materials, before the physical principles governing the interaction of light with each of these materials types are summarized. Diverse methodologies to prepare these polymers are then discussed in detail, and where applicable, naturally occurring materials that inspired the design of artificial systems are discussed. The capabilities and limitations of structurally colored materials in reporting and visualizing mechanical deformation are examined from a general standpoint and also in more specific technological contexts. To conclude, current trends in the field are highlighted and possible future opportunities are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess M Clough
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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Lin Y, Qiu Y, Cai L, Zhang G. Investigation of the ELP-Mediated Silicification-Based Protein Self-Immobilization Using an Acidic Target Enzyme. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Lixi Cai
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Guangya Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
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50
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Renaissance of Stöber method for synthesis of colloidal particles: New developments and opportunities. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 584:838-865. [PMID: 33127050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal silica particles have received a widespread interest because of their potential applications in adsorption, ceramics, catalysis, drug delivery and more. Among many approaches towards fabrication of these colloidal particles, Stöber, Fink and Bohn (SFB) method, known as Stöber synthesis is an effective sol-gel strategy for production of uniform, monodispersed silica particles with highly tailorable size and surface properties. This review, after a brief introduction showing the importance of colloidal chemistry, is focused on the Stöber synthesis of silica spheres including discussion of the key factors affecting their particle size, porosity and surface properties. Next, further developments of this method are presented toward fabrication of polymer, carbon, and composite spheres.
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