1
|
Yang S, He Y, Song Z, Li Y. Research Status and Potential Direction for Thermoplastic Shape Memory Polymers and Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2025; 17:1360. [PMID: 40430656 PMCID: PMC12114747 DOI: 10.3390/polym17101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2025] [Revised: 05/12/2025] [Accepted: 05/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs), due to the programmable deformation and recovery ability, exhibit widespread potential in fields of biomedical devices, smart actuators, and engineering structures. Thermoplastic SMPs, which possess the intrinsic linear molecular chain structures, are able to be processed through diverse methods, in addition to being re-processed after process-forming, compared with thermoset SMPs. The environmental recycling characteristics for thermoplastic SMPs describe their wide use potential and prospect. In this paper, a comprehensive description of mechanism, matrix polymers, actuations, and applications for thermoplastic SMPs and composites was reviewed. Furthermore, two promising potential developing directions, 4D printing metamaterial and dynamic covalent networks, were proposed. The multifunctionality and enhanced performances of thermoplastic SMPs and composites exhibited excellent application value, which is significant for future advancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (S.Y.); (Z.S.)
- Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Polyamide Materials, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yang He
- Center for Composites Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Zijian Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (S.Y.); (Z.S.)
- Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Polyamide Materials, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (S.Y.); (Z.S.)
- Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Polyamide Materials, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang B, Jiang J, Li J, Lin S, Zhao L, Xi Z, Yuan W. Stress-Free Two-Way Shape Memory Polymers with Dual-Crystalline Phase Based on Poly(Tetramethylene Ether Glycol) and Poly(ε-Caprolactone). Macromol Rapid Commun 2025; 46:e2401102. [PMID: 39911009 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202401102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025]
Abstract
Two-way shape memory polymers (2W-SMPs) are a class of smart materials and can undergo spontaneously reversible deformation after specific stimuli. It is crucial to develop 2W-SMPs to achieve precise control of two-way shape memory behavior without external forces and reveal their structure-property relationships. In this study, dual-crystalline phase crosslinked polymer networks based on poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) (PTMEG) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) are fabricated via thiol-ene click reactions. The networks with two independent melting temperatures are gained by adjusting the ratio of the two segments and the two-way shape memory is enabled using the temperature difference between the two phases. The effects of network composition, pre-tensile strain, and actuation temperature on the two-way shape memory properties are investigated and the two-way shape memory mechanism of dual-crystalline phase polymers is further elucidated. Among the various compositions of networks, PTMEG8-PCL2 exhibits the optimal two-way shape memory properties, with the actuation strain of 24.25% and reversible strain of up to 10.35% at the actuation temperature and pre-stretch strain of 45 °C and 15%, respectively, which is potential for soft robotics applications. It is believed that this work guides the design of semicrystalline networks with two-way shape memory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhenhao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weikang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding X, Shi Y, Xu S, Zhang Y, Du J, Qiu J. Triple Stimuli-Responsive Flexible Shape Memory Foams with Super-Amphiphilicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205797. [PMID: 36461700 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous multi-responsive shape memory foams have unique advantages in designing 3D materials with lightweight for varied applications. Herein, a facile and efficient approach to fabricating a thermo-, electro-, and photo-responsive shape memory composite foam is demonstrated. A specific multi-step carbonization protocol is adopted for transforming commercial melamine sponge (MS) to highly porous carbon foam (CF) with robust elastic resilience, efficient electrothermal/photothermal conversions, and super-amphiphilicity. It is a novel proposal for CF to take the dual role of the elastic supporting framework and 3D energy conversion/transmission network without any functional fillers. The composite foam cPCL@CF incorporates the CF skeleton with in situ crosslinked polycaprolactone (PCL) layers, which exhibits high conductivity (≈140 S m-1 ) and excellent light absorption (≈97.7%) in the range of 250-2500 nm. By triggering the crystalline transition of PCL, the composite foam displays sensitive electro- and photo-induced shape memory effect (SME) with outstanding shape fixation ratio (Rf ) and recovery ratio (Rr ). Thanks to the super-amphiphilicity and high electrical conductivity, the cPCL@CF composite foam can give rapid and distinguishable electric signals upon tiny drips of salt solutions or lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolytes, making it a new type of sensor for detecting electrolyte leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yunan Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jiang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Tongji University, Education of Ministry, Shanghai, 201804, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Jiang Y, Li S, Huang Z, Zhan XQ, Ma N, Tsai FC. Recent trends of phosphorus-containing flame retardants modified polypropylene composites processing. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
5
|
Zhao Y, Ma Y, Xiong Y, Qin T, Zhu Y, Deng H, Qin J, Shi X, Zhang G. Chemically crosslinked crystalline thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer with good elasticity and improved thermo-mechanical properties. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Thermoset shape memory polymer with permanent shape reconfigurability based on dynamic disulfide bonds. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
The encapsulation of intumescent flame retardants by poly-siloxane for thermoplastic polyolefin: Fire safety and water resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
Tu Z, Liu W, Wang J, Qiu X, Huang J, Li J, Lou H. Biomimetic high performance artificial muscle built on sacrificial coordination network and mechanical training process. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2916. [PMID: 34006839 PMCID: PMC8131361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial muscle materials promise incredible applications in actuators, robotics and medical apparatus, yet the ability to mimic the full characteristics of skeletal muscles into synthetic materials remains a huge challenge. Herein, inspired by the dynamic sacrificial bonds in biomaterials and the self-strengthening of skeletal muscles by physical exercise, high performance artificial muscle material is prepared by rearrangement of sacrificial coordination bonds in the polyolefin elastomer via a repetitive mechanical training process. Biomass lignin is incorporated as a green reinforcer for the construction of interfacial coordination bonds. The prepared artificial muscle material exhibits high actuation strain (>40%), high actuation stress (1.5 MPa) which can lift more than 10,000 times its own weight with 30% strain, characteristics of excellent self-strengthening by mechanical training, strain-adaptive stiffening, and heat/electric programmable actuation performance. In this work, we show a facile strategy for the fabrication of intelligent materials using easily available raw materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jinhao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongming Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xia Y, He Y, Zhang F, Liu Y, Leng J. A Review of Shape Memory Polymers and Composites: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000713. [PMID: 32969090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, interest in shape memory polymers (SMPs) has persisted, and immense efforts have been dedicated to developing SMPs and their multifunctional composites. As a class of stimuli-responsive polymers, SMPs can return to their initial shape from a programmed temporary shape under external stimuli, such as light, heat, magnetism, and electricity. The introduction of functional materials and nanostructures results in shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) with large recoverable deformation, enhanced mechanical properties, and controllable remote actuation. Because of these unique features, SMPCs have a broad application prospect in many fields covering aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, flexible electronics, soft robotics, shape memory arrays, and 4D printing. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of the shape recovery mechanisms, multifunctionality, applications, and recent advances in SMPs and SMPCs is presented. Specifically, the combination of functional, reversible, multiple, and controllable shape recovery processes is discussed. Further, established products from such materials are highlighted. Finally, potential directions for the future advancement of SMPs are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xia
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yang He
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang Y, Yuan L, Liang G, Gu A. Reprocessable Triple-Shape-Memory Liquid Crystalline Polyester Amide with Ultrahigh Thermal Resistance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfu Tang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guozheng Liang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Aijuan Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leone G, Zanchin G, Di Girolamo R, De Stefano F, Lorber C, De Rosa C, Ricci G, Bertini F. Semibatch Terpolymerization of Ethylene, Propylene, and 5-Ethylidene-2-norbornene: Heterogeneous High-Ethylene EPDM Thermoplastic Elastomers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Leone
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Zanchin
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Lorber
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, 31077 Toulouse, France
- UPS, INPT, LCC, Université de Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Bertini
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|