1
|
Guerrero I, Viñas C, Teixidor F, Romero I. Unveiling Non-Covalent Interactions in Novel Cooperative Photoredox Systems for Efficient Alkene Oxidation in Water. Molecules 2024; 29:2378. [PMID: 38792238 PMCID: PMC11123843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A new cooperative photoredox catalytic system, [RuII(trpy)(bpy)(H2O)][3,3'-Co(8,9,12-Cl3-1,2-C2B9H8)2]2, 5, has been synthesized and fully characterized for the first time. In this system, the photoredox catalyst [3,3'-Co(8,9,12-Cl3-1,2-C2B9H8)2]-[Cl6-1]-, a metallacarborane, and the oxidation catalyst [RuII(trpy)(bpy)(H2O)]2+, 2 are linked by non-covalent interactions. This compound, along with the one previously synthesized by us, [RuII(trpy)(bpy)(H2O)][(3,3'-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]2, 4, are the only examples of cooperative molecular photocatalysts in which the catalyst and photosensitizer are not linked by covalent bonds. Both cooperative systems have proven to be efficient photocatalysts for the oxidation of alkenes in water through Proton Coupled Electron Transfer processes (PCETs). Using 0.05 mol% of catalyst 4, total conversion values were achieved after 15 min with moderate selectivity for the corresponding epoxides, which decreases with reaction time, along with the TON values. However, with 0.005 mol% of catalyst, the conversion values are lower, but the selectivity and TON values are higher. This occurs simultaneously with an increase in the amount of the corresponding diol for most of the substrates studied. Photocatalyst 4 acts as a photocatalyst in both the epoxidation of alkenes and their hydroxylation in aqueous medium. The hybrid system 5 shows generally higher conversion values at low loads compared to those obtained with 4 for most of the substrates studied. However, the selectivity values for the corresponding epoxides are lower even after 15 min of reaction. This is likely due to the enhanced oxidizing capacity of CoIV in catalyst 5, resulting from the presence of more electron-withdrawing substituents on the metallacarborane platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Guerrero
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (I.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (I.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (I.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Isabel Romero
- Departament de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affès S, Stamatelou AM, Fontrodona X, Kabadou A, Viñas C, Teixidor F, Romero I. Enhancing Photoredox Catalysis in Aqueous Environments: Ruthenium Aqua Complex Derivatization of Graphene Oxide and Graphite Rods for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Hybrid Catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:507-519. [PMID: 38114421 PMCID: PMC10788860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A ruthenium aqua photoredox catalyst has been successfully heterogeneneized on graphene oxide (GO@trans-fac-3) and graphite rods (GR@trans-fac-3) for the first time and have proven to be sustainable and easily reusable systems for the photooxidation of alcohols in water, in mild and green conditions. We report here the synthesis and total characterization of two Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes, the chlorido trans-fac-[RuCl(bpea-pyrene)(bpy)](PF6) (trans-fac-2) and the aqua trans-fac-[Ru(bpea-pyrene)(bpy)OH2](PF6)2 (trans-fac-3), both containing the N-tridentate, 1-[bis(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)amino]methylpyrene (bpea-pyrene), and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) ligands. In both complexes, only a single isomer, the trans-fac, has been detected in solution and in the solid state. The aqua complex trans-fac-3 displays bielectronic redox processes in water, assigned to the Ru(IV/II) couple. The trans-fac-3 complex has been heterogenized on different types of supports, (i) on graphene oxide (GO) through π-stacking interactions between the pyrene group of the bpea-pyrene ligand and the GO and (ii) both on glassy carbon electrodes (GC) and on graphite rods (GR) through oxidative electropolymerization of the pyrene group, which yield stable heterogeneous photoredox catalysts. GO@trans-fac-3- and GR/poly trans-fac-3-modified electrodes were fully characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Trans-fac-3 and GO@trans-fac-3 photocatalysts (without a photosensitizer) showed good catalytic efficiency in the photooxidation of alcohols in water under mild conditions and using visible light. Both photocatalysts display high selectivity values (>99%) even for primary alcohols in accordance with the presence of two-electron transfer processes (2e-/2H+). GO@trans-fac-3 keeps intact its homogeneous catalytic properties but shows an enhancement in yields. GO@trans-fac-3 can be easily recycled by filtration and reused for up to five runs without any significant loss of catalytic activity. Graphite rods (GR@trans-fac-3) were also evaluated as heterogeneous photoredox catalysts showing high turnover numbers (TON) and selectivity values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Affès
- Departament
de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, Girona E-17003, Spain
- Laboratoire
des Sciences des Matériaux et d’Environnement, Faculté
des Sciences, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisie
| | - Akrivi-Maria Stamatelou
- Departament
de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, Girona E-17003, Spain
| | - Xavier Fontrodona
- Departament
de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, Girona E-17003, Spain
| | - Ahlem Kabadou
- Laboratoire
des Sciences des Matériaux et d’Environnement, Faculté
des Sciences, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisie
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - Isabel Romero
- Departament
de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, Girona E-17003, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
New Aspects of Ruthenium-Mediated Polyhedral Contraction of Monocarbollides. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the interaction of tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium dichloride RuCl2(PPh3)3 (1) with 10-vertex monocarborane [6-Ph-nido-6-CB9H11]−[Et4N]+ (2) under mild thermolysis conditions is not selective due to the undesired coordination of ruthenium to a phenyl substituent in the carborane and phosphine ligands, giving the series of new classical and non-classical metallacarborane complexes. In contrast, the reaction of 1 and monocarborane [arachno-6-CB9H14]−[Et4N]+ (3) proceeds more selectively with the formation of the only one product, a isocloso-structured metallacarborane. The structures of two ruthenacarboranes were resolved by X-ray diffraction.
Collapse
|
4
|
Russo C, Brunelli F, Tron GC, Giustiniano M. Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Water. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6284-6293. [PMID: 35700388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of water in organic synthesis draws attention to its green chemistry features and its unique ability to unveil unconventional reactivities. Herein, literature about the use of water as a reaction medium under visible-light photocatalytic conditions is summarized in order to highlight challenges and opportunities. Accordingly, this Synopsis has been divided into four different sections focused on (1) the unconventional role of water in photocatalytic reactions, (2) in-/on-water reactions, (3) water-soluble photocatalysts, and (4) photomicellar catalytic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunelli
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Drug Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saha R, Mukherjee A, Bhattacharya S. Development of a ruthenium–aquo complex for utilization in synthesis and catalysis for selective hydration of nitriles and alkynes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ruthenium(ii)–aquo complex serves as a precursor for the synthesis of new ternary complexes and also as an efficient catalyst for selective hydration of aryl nitriles to aryl amides and aryl alkynes to aryl aldehydes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rumpa Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, India
| | - Aparajita Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, India
| | - Samaresh Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teixidor F, Viñas C, Planas JG, Romero I, Núñez R. Advances in the catalytic and photocatalytic behavior of carborane derived metal complexes. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Clerich E, Affès S, Anticó E, Fontrodona X, Teixidor F, Romero I. Molecular and supported ruthenium complexes as photoredox oxidation catalysts in water. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01504h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecular Ru-OH2 complex supported on rGO through non-covalent interactions performs as a photoredox oxidation catalyst in water, without an additional photosensitizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Clerich
- Departament de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Syrine Affès
- Departament de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Anticó
- Departament de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Xavier Fontrodona
- Departament de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Isabel Romero
- Departament de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdelgawwad AMA, Xavier JAM, Roca-Sanjuán D, Viñas C, Teixidor F, Francés-Monerris A. Light-Induced On/Off Switching of the Surfactant Character of the o-Cobaltabis(dicarbollide) Anion with No Covalent Bond Alteration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25753-25757. [PMID: 34562322 PMCID: PMC9297989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cobaltabis(dicarbollide) anion ([o‐COSAN]−) is a well‐known metallacarborane with multiple applications in a variety of fields. In aqueous solution, the cisoid rotamer is the most stable disposition in the ground state. The present work provides theoretical evidence on the possibility to photoinduce the rotation from the cisoid to the transoid rotamer, a conversion that can be reverted when the ground state is repopulated. The non‐radiative decay mechanisms proposed in this work are coherent with the lack of fluorescence observed in 3D fluorescence mapping experiments performed on [o‐COSAN]− and its derivatives. This phenomenon induced by light has the potential to destruct the vesicles and micelles cisoid [o‐COSAN]− typically forms in aqueous solution, which could lead to promising applications, particularly in the field of nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jewel Ann Maria Xavier
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46071, València, Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdelgawwad AMA, Xavier JAM, Roca‐Sanjuán D, Viñas C, Teixidor F, Francés‐Monerris A. Light‐Induced On/Off Switching of the Surfactant Character of the
o
‐Cobaltabis(dicarbollide) Anion with No Covalent Bond Alteration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jewel Ann Maria Xavier
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | | | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|