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Kumari A, Kumar V, Ovadia R, Oren-Shamir M. Phenylalanine in motion: A tale of an essential molecule with many faces. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108246. [PMID: 37652145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenylalanine has a unique role in plants as a source of a wide range of specialized metabolites, named phenylpropanoids that contribute to the adjustment of plants to changing developmental and environmental conditions. The profile of these metabolites differs between plants and plant organs. Some of the prominent phenylpropanoids include anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, lignins, glucosinolates and benzenoid phenylpropanoid volatiles. Phenylalanine biosynthesis, leading to increased phenylpropanoid levels, is induced under stress. However, high availability of phenylalanine in plants under non-stressed conditions can be achieved either by genetically engineering plants to overproduce phenylalanine, or by external treatment of whole plants or detached plant organs with phenylalanine solutions. The objective of this review is to portray the many effects that increased phenylalanine availability has in plants under non-stressed conditions, focusing mainly on external applications. These applications include spraying and drenching whole plants with phenylalanine solutions, postharvest treatments by dipping fruit and cut flower stems, and addition of phenylalanine to cell suspensions. The results of these treatments include increased fragrance in flowers, increased aroma and pigmentation in fruit, increased production of health promoting metabolites in plant cell cultures, and increased resistance of plants, pre- and post-harvest, to a wide variety of pathogens. These effects suggest that plants can very efficiently uptake phenylalanine from their roots, leaves, flowers and fruits, translocate it from one organ to the other and between cell compartments, and metabolize it into phenylpropanoids. The mechanisms by which Phe treatment increases plant resistance to pathogens reveal new roles of phenylpropanoids in induction of genes related to the plant immune system. The simplicity of treatments with phenylalanine open many possibilities for industrial use. Many of the phenylalanine-treatment effects on increased resistance to plant pathogens have also been successful in commercial field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Rinat Ovadia
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Michal Oren-Shamir
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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Lai CC, Pan H, Zhang J, Wang Q, Que QX, Pan R, Lai ZX, Lai GT. Light Quality Modulates Growth, Triggers Differential Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds, and Changes the Total Antioxidant Capacity in the Red Callus of Vitis davidii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13264-13278. [PMID: 36216360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Light quality is one of the key elicitors that directly affect plant cell growth and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, the red callus of spine grape was cultured under nine light qualities (namely, dark, white, red, yellow, blue, green, purple, warm-yellow, and warm-white light). The effects of different light qualities were studied on callus growth, accumulation of phenolic compounds, and total antioxidant capacity of the red callus of spine grape. The results showed that blue and purple light induced increased red coloration in the callus, whereas yellow light induced the greatest callus proliferation. Among all of the light quality treatments, darkness treatment downregulated the contents of phenolic compounds, whereas blue light was the treatment most conducive to the accumulation of total phenolics. White, blue, and purple light induced increased anthocyanin accumulation. Mixed-wavelength light was beneficial to the accumulation of flavonoids. Blue and purple light were conducive to the accumulation of proanthocyanidins. A further study showed that cyanidin 3-glucoside (Cy3G) and peonidin 3-glucoside (P3G) were the main anthocyanin components in the callus, and blue, purple, and white light treatments promoted their accumulation, whereas flavan-3-ols and flavonols were the main components of non-anthocyanin phenolics, and their accumulation changed in response to not only light quality but also culture duration. The total antioxidant capacity of the callus cultures changed significantly in response to different light qualities. These results will provide evidence for an abiotic elicitor strategy to stimulate callus growth and enhance the accumulation of the main phenolic compounds in the red callus of spine grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chun Lai
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Que
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ruo Pan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong-Xiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Gong-Ti Lai
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
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Shang Y, Li X, Li Z, Shen L, Zhou J, Hu R, Chen K. Mechanistic study on the radical scavenging activity of viniferins. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wang R, Kumar V, Sikron-Persi N, Dynkin I, Weiss D, Perl A, Fait A, Oren-Shamir M. Over 1000-Fold Synergistic Boost in Viniferin Levels by Elicitation of Vitis vinifera cv. Gamay Red Cell Cultures over Accumulating Phenylalanine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5049-5056. [PMID: 35412322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elicitation treatments of grape cell cultures with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation, and sucrose induce mild production of stilbenes and flavonoids due to limited substrate availability. However, these treatments cause a synergistic boost of stilbenes production when applied to two phenylalanine (Phe)-enriched transgenic grape cell lines, AroG* + STS and AroG* + FLS. The combined treatment of UV-C elicitation on the Phe-fed AroG* + STS line resulted in the highest content of stilbenes (37.8-fold increase, 17.39 mg/g dry weight (DW)) mainly due to resveratrol (64-fold, 3.23 mg/g DW) and viniferin (1343-fold, 13.43 mg/g DW). The synergistic increase following either UV-C or MeJA elicitation was due to the induction of stilbene-related genes, while sucrose treatment had no effect on gene expression levels and served as an additional carbon source for phenylpropanoids. The combined strategy presented may enable future usage of grape cell cultures for the production of stilbenes and in particular viniferin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Noga Sikron-Persi
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture & Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 849900, Israel
| | - Irena Dynkin
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avichai Perl
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture & Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 849900, Israel
| | - Michal Oren-Shamir
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Arya SS, Mahto BK, Sengar MS, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK. Metabolic Engineering of Rice Cells with Vanillin Synthase Gene (VpVAN) to Produce Vanillin. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:861-872. [PMID: 35192168 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin production by metabolic engineering of proprietary microbial strains has gained impetus due to increasing consumer demand for naturally derived products. Here, we demonstrate the use of rice cell cultures metabolically engineered with vanillin synthase gene (VpVAN) as a plant-based alternative to microbial vanillin production systems. VpVAN catalyzes the signature step to convert ferulic acid into vanillin in Vanilla planifolia. As ferulic acid is a phenylpropanoid pathway intermediate in plant cells, rice calli cells are ideal platform for in vivo vanillin synthesis due to the availability of its precursor. In this study, rice calli derived from embryonic rice cells were metabolically engineered with a codon-optimized VpVAN gene using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The putative transformants were selected based on their proliferation on herbicide-supplemented N6D medium. Expression of the transgenes were confirmed through a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis provided evidence of genetic transformation. The semiquantitative RT-PCR and real-time (RT)-qPCR revealed expression of VpVAN in six transgenic calli lines. High-performance liquid chromatography identified the biosynthesis of vanillin in transgenic calli lines, with the highest yielding line producing 544.72 (± 102.50) μg of vanillin-g fresh calli. This work serves as a proof-of-concept to produce vanillin using metabolically engineered rice cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Arya
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Binod K Mahto
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India.,University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - Meenu S Sengar
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - James E Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India.
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Wang R, Lenka SK, Kumar V, Sikron-Persi N, Dynkin I, Weiss D, Perl A, Fait A, Oren-Shamir M. A Synchronized Increase of Stilbenes and Flavonoids in Metabolically Engineered Vitis vinifera cv. Gamay Red Cell Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7922-7931. [PMID: 34236173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenes and flavonoids are two major health-promoting phenylpropanoid groups in grapes. Attempts to promote the accumulation of one group usually resulted in a decrease in the other. This study presents a unique strategy for simultaneously increasing metabolites in both groups in V. vinifera cv. Gamay Red grape cell culture, by overexpression of flavonol synthase (FLS) and increasing Phe availability. Increased Phe availability was achieved by transforming the cell culture with a second gene, the feedback-insensitive E. coli DAHP synthase (AroG*), and feeding them with Phe. A combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals that the increase in both phenylpropanoid groups is accompanied by an induction of many of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes and no change in the expression levels of stilbene synthase. Furthermore, FLS overexpression with increased Phe availability resulted in higher anthocyanin levels, mainly those derived from delphinidin, due to the induction of F3'5'H. These insights may contribute to the development of grape berries with increased health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sangram Keshari Lenka
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Noga Sikron-Persi
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture & Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 849900, Israel
| | - Irena Dynkin
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avichai Perl
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture & Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 849900, Israel
| | - Michal Oren-Shamir
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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