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Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Wang F, Wang Z, Li X. Advances in microbial production of geraniol: from metabolic engineering to potential industrial applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39266251 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2391881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Geraniol, an acyclic monoterpene alcohol, has significant potential applications in various fields, including: food, cosmetics, biofuels, and pharmaceuticals. However, the current sources of geraniol mainly include plant tissue extraction or chemical synthesis, which are unsustainable and suffer severely from high energy consumption and severe environmental problems. The process of microbial production of geraniol has recently undergone vigorous development. Particularly, the sustainable construction of recombinant Escherichia coli (13.2 g/L) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5.5 g/L) laid a solid foundation for the microbial production of geraniol. In this review, recent advances in the development of geraniol-producing strains, including: metabolic pathway construction, key enzyme improvement, genetic modification strategies, and cytotoxicity alleviation, are critically summarized. Furthermore, the key challenges in scaling up geraniol production and future perspectives for the development of robust geraniol-producing strains are suggested. This review provides theoretical guidance for the industrial production of geraniol using microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujunjie Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Zhu F, Xia L, Wen J, Zhang L. Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Mid- and Long-Chain Dicarboxylic Acids Using Terminally Oxidizing Unconventional Yeasts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19566-19580. [PMID: 39207200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
As high-performance monomers for the manufacture of polyamide materials, mid- and long-chain dicarboxylic acids (DCAi, i ≥ 6) have received extensive attention from researchers. Biosynthesis is gradually replacing chemical synthesis due to its outstanding advantages in the industrial production of mid- and long-chain dicarboxylic acids, which is mostly achieved by using the strong terminal oxidation ability of nonmodel microorganisms such as Candida tropicalis to oxidize hydrophobic substrates such as alkanes. Here, we first summarize the metabolic pathways of oxidative alkane conversion into dicarboxylic acid by terminally oxidizing unconventional yeasts and the corresponding metabolic engineering strategies. Then, we summarize the research progress on new dicarboxylic acid production processes. Finally, the future development directions in the biosynthesis of mid- and long-chain dicarboxylic acids are prospected from synthetic biology and bioprocess engineering, which can also provide a reference for the synthesis of other biobased chemicals and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Xia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd, Dalian 116045, China
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Chen Q, Lyu L, Xue H, Shah AM, Zhao ZK. Engineering a non-model yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa for terpenoids synthesis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:569-576. [PMID: 38690180 PMCID: PMC11058065 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids have tremendous biological activities and are widely employed in food, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. Using synthetic biology to product terpenoids from microbial cell factories presents a promising alternative route compared to conventional methods such as chemical synthesis or phytoextraction. The red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa has been widely studied due to its natural production capacity of carotenoid and lipids, indicating a strong endogenous isoprene pathway with readily available metabolic intermediates. This study constructed several engineered strains of R. mucilaginosa with the aim of producing different terpenoids. Monoterpene α-terpineol was produced by expressing the α-terpineol synthase from Vitis vinifera. The titer of α-terpineol was further enhanced to 0.39 mg/L by overexpressing the endogenous rate-limiting gene of the MVA pathway. Overexpression of α-farnesene synthase from Malus domestica, in combination with MVA pathway rate-limiting gene resulted in significant increase in α-farnesene production, reaching a titer of 822 mg/L. The carotenoid degradation product β-ionone was produced at a titer of 0.87 mg/L by expressing the β-ionone synthase from Petunia hybrida. This study demonstrates the potential of R. mucilaginosa as a platform host for the direct biosynthesis of various terpenoids and provides insights for further development of such platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liting Lyu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Haizhao Xue
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zongbao Kent Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Park YK, Sellés Vidal L, Bell D, Zabret J, Soldat M, Kavšček M, Ledesma-Amaro R. Efficient synthesis of limonene production in Yarrowia lipolytica by combinatorial engineering strategies. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:94. [PMID: 38961416 PMCID: PMC11223395 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limonene has a variety of applications in the foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biomaterials, and biofuels industries. In order to meet the growing demand for sustainable production of limonene at industry scale, it is essential to find an alternative production system to traditional plant extraction. A promising and eco-friendly alternative is the use of microbes as cell factories for the synthesis of limonene. RESULTS In this study, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has been engineered to produce D- and L-limonene. Four target genes, l- or d-LS (limonene synthase), HMG (HMG-CoA reductase), ERG20 (geranyl diphosphate synthase), and NDPS1 (neryl diphosphate) were expressed individually or fused together to find the optimal combination for higher limonene production. The strain expressing HMGR and the fusion protein ERG20-LS was the best limonene producer and, therefore, selected for further improvement. By increasing the expression of target genes and optimizing initial OD, 29.4 mg/L of L-limonene and 24.8 mg/L of D-limonene were obtained. We also studied whether peroxisomal compartmentalization of the synthesis pathway was beneficial for limonene production. The introduction of D-LS and ERG20 within the peroxisome improved limonene titers over cytosolic expression. Then, the entire MVA pathway was targeted to the peroxisome to improve precursor supply, which increased D-limonene production to 47.8 mg/L. Finally, through the optimization of fermentation conditions, D-limonene production titer reached 69.3 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS In this work, Y. lipolytica was successfully engineered to produce limonene. Our results showed that higher production of limonene was achieved when the synthesis pathway was targeted to the peroxisome, which indicates that this organelle can favor the bioproduction of terpenes in yeasts. This study opens new avenues for the efficient synthesis of valuable monoterpenes in Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyoung Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Lara Sellés Vidal
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
| | - David Bell
- SynbiCITE Innovation and Knowledge Centre, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jure Zabret
- Acies Bio d.o.o., 1000, Tehnološki Park 21Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mladen Soldat
- Acies Bio d.o.o., 1000, Tehnološki Park 21Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Kavšček
- Acies Bio d.o.o., 1000, Tehnološki Park 21Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK.
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Eun H, Lee SY. Metabolic engineering and fermentation of microorganisms for carotenoids production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103104. [PMID: 38447325 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments that exhibit a wide range of red, orange, and yellow colors and are extensively used in the food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and aquaculture industries. While advances in systems metabolic engineering have established a foundation for constructing carotenoid-producing microbial cell factories at a laboratory scale, translating these technologies to industrial scales remains a big challenge. Moreover, there is a need to devise cost-effective methods for downstream processing and purification of carotenoids. In this review, we discuss recent strategies in metabolic engineering, such as metabolic flux optimization, enzyme assembly, and storage capacity engineering, aimed at constructing high-performance carotenoid-producing microbial strains. We also review recent approaches for cost-effective downstream processing and purification of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmin Eun
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Engineering Biology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Huang W, Liu Y, Ma X, Ma C, Jiang Y, Su J. Rational Design for the Complete Synthesis of Stevioside in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1125. [PMID: 38930507 PMCID: PMC11206123 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stevioside is a secondary metabolite of diterpenoid glycoside production in plants. It has been used as a natural sweetener in various foods because of its high sweetness and low-calorie content. In this study, we constructed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for the complete synthesis of stevioside using a metabolic engineering strategy. Firstly, the synthesis pathway of steviol was modularly constructed in S. cerevisiae BY4742, and the precursor pathway was strengthened. The yield of steviol was used as an indicator to investigate the expression effect of different sources of diterpene synthases under different combinations, and the strains with further improved steviol yield were screened. Secondly, glycosyltransferases were heterologously expressed in this strain to produce stevioside, the sequence of glycosyltransferase expression was optimized, and the uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-Glc) supply was enhanced. Finally, the results showed that the strain SST-302III-ST2 produced 164.89 mg/L of stevioside in a shake flask experiment, and the yield of stevioside reached 1104.49 mg/L in an experiment employing a 10 L bioreactor with batch feeding, which was the highest yield reported. We constructed strains with a high production of stevioside, thus laying the foundation for the production of other classes of steviol glycosides and holding good prospects for application and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianyu Su
- School of Life Science, Ning Xia University, Yinchuan 750000, China; (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (C.M.); (Y.J.)
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Georgescu AM, Corbu VM, Csutak O. Molecular Basis of Yeasts Antimicrobial Activity-Developing Innovative Strategies for Biomedicine and Biocontrol. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4721-4750. [PMID: 38785553 PMCID: PMC11119588 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of the growing concern regarding the appearance and spread of emerging pathogens with high resistance to chemically synthetized biocides, the development of new agents for crops and human protection has become an emergency. In this context, the yeasts present a huge potential as eco-friendly agents due to their widespread nature in various habitats and to their wide range of antagonistic mechanisms. The present review focuses on some of the major yeast antimicrobial mechanisms, their molecular basis and practical applications in biocontrol and biomedicine. The synthesis of killer toxins, encoded by dsRNA virus-like particles, dsDNA plasmids or chromosomal genes, is encountered in a wide range of yeast species from nature and industry and can affect the development of phytopathogenic fungi and other yeast strains, as well as human pathogenic bacteria. The group of the "red yeasts" is gaining more interest over the last years, not only as natural producers of carotenoids and rhodotorulic acid with active role in cell protection against the oxidative stress, but also due to their ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic yeasts, fungi and bacteria using these compounds and the mechanism of competition for nutritive substrate. Finally, the biosurfactants produced by yeasts characterized by high stability, specificity and biodegrability have proven abilities to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi growth and mycelia formation and to act as efficient antibacterial and antibiofilm formation agents for biomedicine. In conclusion, the antimicrobial activity of yeasts represents a direction of research with numerous possibilities of bioeconomic valorization as innovative strategies to combat pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Georgescu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (V.M.C.)
| | - Viorica Maria Corbu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (V.M.C.)
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, B.P. Hasdeu Street 7, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ortansa Csutak
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (V.M.C.)
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, B.P. Hasdeu Street 7, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
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Wefelmeier K, Schmitz S, Kösters BJ, Liebal UW, Blank LM. Methanol bioconversion into C3, C4, and C5 platform chemicals by the yeast Ogataea polymorpha. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:8. [PMID: 38172830 PMCID: PMC10763331 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One carbon (C1) molecules such as methanol have the potential to become sustainable feedstocks for biotechnological processes, as they can be derived from CO2 and green hydrogen, without the need for arable land. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea polymorpha as a potential production organism for platform chemicals derived from methanol. We selected acetone, malate, and isoprene as industrially relevant products to demonstrate the production of compounds with 3, 4, or 5 carbon atoms, respectively. RESULTS We successfully engineered O. polymorpha for the production of all three molecules and demonstrated their production using methanol as carbon source. We showed that the metabolism of O. polymorpha is well suited to produce malate as a product and demonstrated that the introduction of an efficient malate transporter is essential for malate production from methanol. Through optimization of the cultivation conditions in shake flasks, which included pH regulation and constant substrate feeding, we were able to achieve a maximum titer of 13 g/L malate with a production rate of 3.3 g/L/d using methanol as carbon source. We further demonstrated the production of acetone and isoprene as additional heterologous products in O. polymorpha, with maximum titers of 13.6 mg/L and 4.4 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings highlight how O. polymorpha has the potential to be applied as a versatile cell factory and contribute to the limited knowledge on how methylotrophic yeasts can be used for the production of low molecular weight biochemicals from methanol. Thus, this study can serve as a point of reference for future metabolic engineering in O. polymorpha and process optimization efforts to boost the production of platform chemicals from renewable C1 carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wefelmeier
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone Schmitz
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Jonas Kösters
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Winfried Liebal
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Li W, Mai J, Lin L, Zhang ZG, Ledesma-Amaro R, Dong W, Ji XJ. Combination of microbial and chemical synthesis for the sustainable production of β-elemene, a promising plant-extracted anticancer compound. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3612-3621. [PMID: 37661795 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Beta-elemene, a class of sesquiterpene derived from the Chinese medicinal herb Curcuma wenyujin, is widely used in clinical medicine due to its broad-spectrum antitumor activity. However, the unsustainable plant extraction prompted the search for environmentally friendly strategies for β-elemene production. In this study, we designed a Yarrowia lipolytica cell factory that can continuously produce germacrene A, which is further converted into β-elemene with 100% yield through a Cope rearrangement reaction by shifting the temperature to 250°C. First, the productivity of four plant-derived germacrene A synthases was evaluated. After that, the metabolic flux of the precursor to germacrene A was maximized by optimizing the endogenous mevalonate pathway, inhibiting the competing squalene pathway, and expressing germacrene A synthase gene in multiple copies. Finally, the most promising strain achieved the highest β-elemene titer reported to date with 5.08 g/L. This sustainable and green method has the potential for industrial β-elemene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Jiang H, Wang X. Biosynthesis of monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid as natural flavors and fragrances. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108151. [PMID: 37037288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are a large class of plant-derived compounds, that constitute the main components of essential oils and are widely used as natural flavors and fragrances. The biosynthesis approach presents a promising alternative route in terpenoid production compared to plant extraction or chemical synthesis. In the past decade, the production of terpenoids using biotechnology has attracted broad attention from both academia and the industry. With the growing market of flavor and fragrance, the production of terpenoids directed by synthetic biology shows great potential in promoting future market prospects. Here, we reviewed the latest advances in terpenoid biosynthesis. The engineering strategies for biosynthetic terpenoids were systematically summarized from the enzyme, metabolic, and cellular dimensions. Additionally, we analyzed the key challenges from laboratory production to scalable production, such as key enzyme improvement, terpenoid toxicity, and volatility loss. To provide comprehensive technical guidance, we collected milestone examples of biosynthetic mono- and sesquiterpenoids, compared the current application status of chemical synthesis and biosynthesis in terpenoid production, and discussed the cost drivers based on the data of techno-economic assessment. It is expected to provide critical insights into developing translational research of terpenoid biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, PR China; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China.
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11
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Kosalková K, Barreiro C, Sánchez-Orejas IC, Cueto L, García-Estrada C. Biotechnological Fungal Platforms for the Production of Biosynthetic Cannabinoids. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020234. [PMID: 36836348 PMCID: PMC9963667 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are bioactive meroterpenoids comprising prenylated polyketide molecules that can modulate a wide range of physiological processes. Cannabinoids have been shown to possess various medical/therapeutic effects, such as anti-convulsive, anti-anxiety, anti-psychotic, antinausea, and anti-microbial properties. The increasing interest in their beneficial effects and application as clinically useful drugs has promoted the development of heterologous biosynthetic platforms for the industrial production of these compounds. This approach can help circumvent the drawbacks associated with extraction from naturally occurring plants or chemical synthesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the fungal platforms developed by genetic engineering for the biosynthetic production of cannabinoids. Different yeast species, such as Komagataella phaffii (formerly P. pastoris) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been genetically modified to include the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway and to improve metabolic fluxes in order to increase cannabinoid titers. In addition, we engineered the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum for the first time as a host microorganism for the production of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid from intermediates (cannabigerolic acid and olivetolic acid), thereby showing the potential of filamentous fungi as alternative platforms for cannabinoid biosynthesis upon optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kosalková
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Av. Real 1, 24006 León, Spain
| | - Carlos Barreiro
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Av. Real 1, 24006 León, Spain
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | | | - Laura Cueto
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Av. Real 1, 24006 León, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Estrada
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Av. Real 1, 24006 León, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-987-293-693
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Yang Y, Frank S, Wei X, Wang X, Li Y, Steinhaus M, Tao Y. Molecular Rearrangement of Four Typical Grape Free Terpenes in the Wine Environment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:721-728. [PMID: 36592095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to analyze the molecular rearrangement of terpenes in wine during aging, the changes in linalool, α-terpineol, nerol, and geraniol in model wine were investigated in the dark at low temperature for 90 days. Headspace-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer/olfactometry was used for qualitative and relative quantitation of terpenes. Quantum mechanical calculation was used to analyze the Gibbs free energy. The results showed that nerol was converted into d-limonene, terpinolene, linalool, and α-terpineol. Geraniol was converted into β-ocimene, terpinolene, and linalool. Linalool was converted into terpinolene. The conversion rate of nerol to terpinolene was the highest with 5.94%. α-Terpineol was not converted spontaneously into other terpenes due to its lowest Gibbs free energy, indicating that the cyclization and isomerization could occur spontaneously through an exotherm reaction. However, the dehydroxylation of linalool, nerol, and geraniol required an energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Stephanie Frank
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Xibu Wei
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Yunkui Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Viti-Viniculture, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Martin Steinhaus
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (Leibniz-LSB@TUM), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Yongsheng Tao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Viti-Viniculture, 22 Xinong Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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