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Yao L, Jumai A, Li X, Chen S, Li B, Qiu SX. Three new antifungal phthalide derivatives from Cajanus cajan. Fitoterapia 2025; 182:106462. [PMID: 40032233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Three new phthalide derivatives, denominated Cajanthalides A, B and C (1-3), were identified from the leaves of Cajanus cajan. Their structures were meticulously elucidated through comprehensive analysis utilizing UV, IR, NMR (1D and 2D), HRESIMS, chiral analysis and DP4+ analysis. Notably, these new phthalide derivatives are present in racemic forms, with compounds 2 and 3 sharing identical planar structures. A plausible biogenetic pathway is proposed to account for the biosynthesis of compounds 1-3. Biological evaluation revealed that compound 2 exhibited moderate antifungal activity against C. neoformans, C. albicans and M. furfur with MIC values of 40 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yao
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Aikebaier Jumai
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Xiancai Li
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Bailin Li
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
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Lv Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Huang J, Wang W, Ye X. New Family of Benzimidazole-Based Chitosan Derivatives against Penicillium expansum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21843-21853. [PMID: 39308015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Penicillium expansum is the major fungus that causes blue mold and produces patulin, threatening human health. Due to health and environmental pollution concerns, chitosan (CS) has attracted more and more attention as a safer alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of blue mold. In the present study, four different benzimidazole groups were introduced onto CS by the acylation reaction to obtain benzimidazole-based chitosan derivatives (R1b-R4b). After being well-characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis spectra), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), their antifungal activities against P. expansum were screened. Results showed that the inhibitory effects of chitosan derivatives against the pathogen were significantly correlated with chitosan derivatives' concentration and their structures. R4b was shown as optimum with good solubility and antifungal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.5 mg/mL and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 2.0 mg/mL. The remarkable antifungal efficiency of R4b against P. expansum was further demonstrated in terms of spore germination, mycelial growth, patulin production, and the preliminary antifungal mechanism. R4b exhibited significant inhibition of patulin production, while its antifungal mechanism was revealed by destroying cell membrane integrity and inducing membrane depolarization. Furthermore, R4b treatment could significantly reduce the incidence of blue mold rot in apple fruit, and the MTT assay showed the nontoxicity of R4b against Raw 264.7, HBZY-1, and Caco-2 cells. Altogether, these results indicate that it is promising to be used as a fruit preservative in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yiyu Zhou
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xiancheng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P. R. China
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Zhao L, Yao L, Liu M, Qiu S, He J, Lin J, Tao Z, Lu Y, Deng S, Chen H, Qiu SX. Longistylin A from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. disturbs glycerophospholipid metabolism and cytokinin biosynthesis of Nocardia seriolae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118199. [PMID: 38631486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nocardiosis is an uncommon infectious disease that bears certain similarities to tuberculosis, with a continuous increase in its incidence and a poor prognosis. In traditional Chinese medicine, the leaves of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. are employed to treat wounds, malaria, coughs, and abdominal pain. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of longistylin A (LGA), a natural stilbene isolated from C. cajan, as a potential antibiotic against nocardiosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS LGA was isolated from the leaves of C. cajan and assessed using a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determination against Nocardia seriolae. Multi-omics analysis encompassing genes, proteins, and metabolites was conducted to investigate the impact of LGA treatment on N. seriolae. Additionally, quantitative analysis of 40 cytokinins in N. seriolae mycelium was performed to assess the specific effects of LGA treatment on cytokinin levels. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy was utilized to examine morphological changes induced by LGA treatment, particularly in the presence of exogenous trans-zeatin-O-glucoside (tZOG). The therapeutic effect of LGA was investigated by feeding N. seriolae-infected largemouth bass. RESULTS LGA exhibited significant efficacy against N. seriolae, with MBC value of 2.56 μg/mL. Multi-omics analysis revealed that LGA disrupted glycerophospholipid metabolism and hormone biosynthesis by notably reducing the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and calmodulin-like protein. Treatment with LGA markedly disrupted 12 distinct cytokinins in N. seriolae mycelium. Additionally, the addition of exogenous tZOG counteracted the inhibitory effects of LGA on filamentous growth, resulting in mycelial elongation and branching. Furthermore, LGA treatment improved the survival rate of largemouth bass infected with N. seriolae. CONCLUSIONS We found for the first time that LGA from C. cajan exhibited significant efficacy against N. seriolae by interfering with glycerophospholipid metabolism and cytokinin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Liyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meilan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, China; Guangzhou Leader Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Silin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jiani He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jindong Lin
- Guangzhou Leader Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Zhengguo Tao
- Guangzhou Leader Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Guangzhou Leader Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shulin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Ding Y, Yang G, Zheng S, Gao X, Xiang Z, Gao M, Wang C, Liu M, Zhong J. Advanced photocatalytic disinfection mechanisms and their challenges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121875. [PMID: 39018863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Currently, microbial contamination issues have globally brought out a huge health threat to human beings and animals. To be specific, microorganisms including bacteria and viruses display durable ecological toxicity and various diseases to aquatic organisms. In the past decade, the photocatalytic microorganism inactivation technique has attracted more and more concern owing to its green, low-cost, and sustainable process. A variety kinds of photocatalysts have been employed for killing microorganisms in the natural environment. However, two predominant shortcomings including low activity of photocatalysts and diverse impacts of water characteristics are still displayed in the current photocatalytic disinfection system. So far, various strategies to improve the inherent activity of photocatalysts. Other than the modification of photocatalysts, the optimization of environments of water bodies has been also conducted to enhance microorganisms inactivation. In this mini-review, we outlined the recent progress in photocatalytic sterilization of microorganisms. Meanwhile, the relevant methods of photocatalyst modification and the influences of water body characteristics on disinfection ability were thoroughly elaborated. More importantly, the relationships between strategies for constructing advanced photocatalytic microorganism inactivation systems and improved performance were correlated. Finally, the perspectives on the prospects and challenges of photocatalytic disinfection were presented. We sincerely hope that this critical mini-review can inspire some new concepts and ideas in designing advanced photocatalytic disinfection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Sirui Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xing Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhuomin Xiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Mengyang Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 99077, China
| | - Meijiao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiasong Zhong
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
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Li X, Li Y, Xiong B, Qiu S. Progress of Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Stilbenoids. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:663. [PMID: 38794325 PMCID: PMC11124934 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drugs have made outstanding contributions to the treatment of pathogenic infections. However, the emergence of drug resistance continues to be a major threat to human health in recent years, and therefore, the search for novel antimicrobial drugs is particularly urgent. With a deeper understanding of microbial habits and drug resistance mechanisms, various creative strategies for the development of novel antibiotics have been proposed. Stilbenoids, characterized by a C6-C2-C6 carbon skeleton, have recently been widely recognized for their flexible antimicrobial roles. Here, we comprehensively summarize the mode of action of stilbenoids from the viewpoint of their direct antimicrobial properties, antibiofilm and antivirulence activities and their role in reversing drug resistance. This review will provide an important reference for the future development and research into the mechanisms of stilbenoids as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancai Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Yongqing Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Binghong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Shengxiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
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Zhang Z, Chen T, Yin X, Wang W, Li W, Chen X, Ma J, Long Y. Honokiol inhibits Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal pathogen of kiwifruit soft rot, by targeting membrane lipid biosynthesis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1779-1794. [PMID: 38031205 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kiwifruit soft rot is mainly caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, representing a considerable threat to kiwifruit industry. This investigation assessed the inhibitory consequences and mechanisms of honokiol against B. dothidea, evaluating the inhibitory effects and underlying mechanism. RESULTS A strain of B.dothidea (XFCT-2) was isolated from infected soft rot kiwifruit. The findings indicate that honokiol hindered the mycelial growth, conidial germination, and pathogenicity of B. dothidea in a dose-dependent manner, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ultrastructural examinations showed that honokiol impaired the integrity of B. dothidea, leading to an elevation in cell membrane permeability, engendering a multitude of intracellular substance extravasations and hampering energy metabolism. Transcriptome analysis exhibited that honokiol-regulated genes were related to membrane lipid biosynthesis, comprising ACC1, FAS2, Arp2, gk, Cesle, and Etnk1. These findings indicate that honokiol impedes B. dothidea by obstructing lipid biosynthesis within the cell membrane and compromising its integrity, halting the growth of the mycelia, which could potentially cause cellular demise. CONCLUSION This investigation illustrates how honokiol functions as an eco-friendly approach to prevent the occurrence of soft rot in kiwifruits. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Teaching Experiment Farm, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Teaching Experiment Farm, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianhui Yin
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuetang Chen
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiling Ma
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Youhua Long
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Teaching Experiment Farm, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Fan K, Yu Y, Hu Z, Qian S, Zhao Z, Meng J, Zheng S, Huang Q, Zhang Z, Nie D, Han Z. Antifungal Activity and Action Mechanisms of 2,4-Di- tert-butylphenol against Ustilaginoidea virens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17723-17732. [PMID: 37938806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Ustilaginoidea virens is a destructive phytopathogenic fungus that causes false smut disease in rice. In this study, the natural product 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) was found to be an environmentally friendly and effective agent for the first time, which exhibited strong antifungal activity against U. virens, with an EC50 value of 0.087 mmol/L. The scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence staining, and biochemical assays indicated that 2,4-DTBP could destroy the cell wall, cell membrane, and cellular redox homeostasis of U. virens, ultimately resulting in fungal cell death. Through the transcriptomic analysis, a total of 353 genes were significantly upregulated and 367 genes were significantly downregulated, focusing on the spindle microtubule assembly, cell wall and membrane, redox homeostasis, mycotoxin biosynthesis, and intracellular metabolism. These results enhanced the understanding of the antifungal activity and action mechanisms of 2,4-DTBP against U. virens, supporting it to be a potential antifungal agent for the control of false smut disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Yu
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen'an Qian
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Meng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Zheng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Huang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxia Nie
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Han
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jingqi Road, Shanghai 201403, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
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Alperth F, Schneebauer A, Kunert O, Bucar F. Phytochemical Analysis of Pinus cembra Heartwood-UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS n with Focus on Flavonoids, Stilbenes, Bibenzyls and Improved HPLC Separation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3388. [PMID: 37836128 PMCID: PMC10574252 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The heartwood of the Swiss Stone Pine, Pinus cembra L., has been scarcely investigated for secondary metabolites for a long period of time. Considering age and relative simplicity of heartwood investigations dating back to the 1940s to 1960s, we conducted the first investigation of P. cembra heartwood by HPLC, using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and HPLC-DAD techniques in combination with isolation and NMR spectroscopy, with focus on stilbenes, bibenzyls and flavonoids. Analytical problems in the HPLC analysis of Pinus stilbenes and flavonoids on reversed stationary phases were also challenged, by comparing HPLC on pentafluorophenyl (PFP) and C18 stationary phases. Seven flavonoids (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12), four stilbenes (4, 6, 10, 13), two bibenzyls (5, 9), three fatty acids (14, 16, 17) and one diterpenic acid (15) were detected in an ethanolic extract of Pinus cembra heartwood. HPLC comparison of reversed stationary phases in HPLC showed that the antifungal, antibacterial and chemosensitizing dihydropinosylvin monomethyl ether (9) and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (10) can be separated on PFP, but not on C18 material, when eluting with a screening gradient of 20-100% acetonitrile. Flavonoid separation showed additional benefits of combining analyses on different stationary phases, as flavonoids 7 and 8 could only be separated on one of two C18 stationary phases. Earlier phytochemical results for heartwood investigations were shown to be mostly correct, yet expandable. Substances 5 to 12 were found in alignment with these references, proving remarkable phytochemical analyses at the time. Evidence for the described presence of pinobanksin could not be found. Substances 1 to 4 and 13 have to our knowledge not yet been described for P. cembra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Alperth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Schneebauer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Olaf Kunert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Bucar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Zhou T, Jiang Y, Zeng B, Yang B. The cancer preventive activity and mechanisms of prenylated resveratrol and derivatives. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100113. [PMID: 37519844 PMCID: PMC10382290 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is regarded as neutraceuticals with multiple health benefits. The introduction of prenyl can enhance the bioactivity. In this work, the cancer preventive activities and mechanisms of 18 prenylated reseveratrol and derivatives were investigated. The results showed that prenyl increased the antiproliferative activities of resveratrol, oxyresveratrol and piceatannol against cancer cells, and their antiproliferative activities were time- and dose-dependent. 4-C-prenylation was important for the antiproliferative activity of stilbenoids. The 4-C-prenyl stilbenoids showed better antiproliferative activities than other prenylated stilbenoids. 4-C-prenyl piceatannol showed the best antiproliferative activity. Human hepatoellular carcinomas (HepG2) cell was more sensitive to prenylated stilbenoids than human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell. 4-C-prenyl piceatannol had high affinities to Caspase-3, Caspase-9, CDK2 and Cyclin A2. The possible amino acids involved in binding 4-C-prenyl piceatannol were revealed. The expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were upregulated by 4-C-prenyl piceatannol and the expression of CDK2 and Cyclin A2 in HepG2 cells were downregulated, which contributed to apoptosis. The above results eludicated the possible antiproliferative mechanisms of prenylated stilbenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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