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Wang Z, Dai Y, Azi F, Wang Z, Xu W, Wang D, Dong M, Xia X. Constructing Protein-Scaffolded Multienzyme Assembly Enhances the Coupling Efficiency of the P450 System for Efficient Daidzein Biosynthesis from (2 S)-Naringenin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5849-5859. [PMID: 38468401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Daidzein is a major isoflavone compound with an immense pharmaceutical value. This study applied a novel P450 CYP82D26 which can biosynthesize daidzein from (2S)-naringenin. However, the recombinant P450 systems often suffer from low coupling efficiency, leading to an electron transfer efficiency decrease and harmful reactive oxygen species release, thereby compromising their stability and catalytic efficiency. To address these challenges, the SH3-GBD-PDZ (SGP) protein scaffold was applied to assemble a multienzyme system comprising CYP82D26, P450 reductase, and NADP+-dependent aldehyde reductase in desired stoichiometric ratios. Results showed that the coupling efficiency of the P450 system was significantly increased, primarily attributed to the channeling effect of NADPH resulting from the proximity of tethered enzymes and the electrostatic interactions between NADPH and SGP. Assembling this SGP-scaffolded assembly system in Escherichia coli yielded a titer of 240.5 mg/L daidzein with an 86% (2S)-naringenin conversion rate, which showed a 9-fold increase over the free enzymes of the P450 system. These results underscore the potential application of the SGP-scaffolded multienzyme system in enhancing the coupling and catalytic efficiency of the P450 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yiqiang Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fidelis Azi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhongjiang Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mingsheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiudong Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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2
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Yue M, Liu M, Gao S, Ren X, Zhou S, Rao Y, Zhou J. High-Level De Novo Production of (2 S)-Eriodictyol in Yarrowia Lipolytica by Metabolic Pathway and NADPH Regeneration Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4292-4300. [PMID: 38364826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
(2S)-Eriodictyol, a polyphenolic flavonoid, has found widespread applications in health supplements and food additives. However, the limited availability of plant-derived (2S)-eriodictyol cannot meet the market demand. Microbial production of (2S)-eriodictyol faces challenges, including the low catalytic efficiency of flavone 3'-hydroxylase/cytochrome P450 reductase (F3'H/CPR), insufficient precursor supplementation, and inadequate NADPH regeneration. This study systematically engineered Yarrowia lipolytica for high-level (2S)-eriodictyol production. In doing this, the expression of F3'H/CPR was balanced, and the supply of precursors was enhanced by relieving feedback inhibition of the shikimate pathway, promoting fatty acid β-oxidation, and increasing the copy number of synthetic pathway genes. These strategies, combined with NADPH regeneration, achieved an (2S)-eriodictyol titer of 423.6 mg/L. Finally, in fed-batch fermentation, a remarkable 6.8 g/L (2S)-eriodictyol was obtained, representing the highest de novo microbial titer reported to date and paving the way for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Yue
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengsu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shenghu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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3
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Zhang S, Liu J, Xiao Z, Tan X, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Jiang N, Shan Y. Systems Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the High-Level Production of (2 S)-Eriodictyol. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:119. [PMID: 38392791 PMCID: PMC10890390 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(2S)-eriodictyol (ERD) is a flavonoid widely found in citrus fruits, vegetables, and important medicinal plants with neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity effects. However, the microbial synthesis of ERD is limited by complex metabolic pathways and often results in a low production performance. Here, we engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae by fine-tuning the metabolism of the ERD synthesis pathway. The results showed that the ERD titer was effectively increased, and the intermediate metabolites levels were reduced. First, we successfully reconstructed the de novo synthesis pathway of p-coumaric acid in S. cerevisiae and fine-tuned the metabolic pathway using promoter engineering and terminator engineering for the high-level production of (2S)-naringenin. Subsequently, the synthesis of ERD was achieved by introducing the ThF3'H gene from Tricyrtis hirta. Finally, by multiplying the copy number of the ThF3'H gene, the production of ERD was further increased, reaching 132.08 mg L-1. Our work emphasizes the importance of regulating the metabolic balance to produce natural products in microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhiqiang Xiao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xinjia Tan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yongtong Wang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yifei Zhao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China
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Peng B, Zhang L, He S, Oerlemans R, Quax WJ, Groves MR, Haslinger K. Engineering a Plant Polyketide Synthase for the Biosynthesis of Methylated Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:529-539. [PMID: 38109879 PMCID: PMC10786038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Homoeriodictyol and hesperetin are naturally occurring O-methylated flavonoids with many health-promoting properties. They are produced in plants in low abundance and as complex mixtures of similar compounds that are difficult to separate. Synthetic biology offers the opportunity to produce various flavonoids in a targeted, bottom-up approach in engineered microbes with high product titers. However, the production of O-methylated flavonoids is currently still highly inefficient. In this study, we investigated and engineered a combination of enzymes that had previously been shown to support homoeriodictyol and hesperetin production in Escherichia coli from fed O-methylated hydroxycinnamic acids. We determined the crystal structures of the enzyme catalyzing the first committed step of the pathway, chalcone synthase from Hordeum vulgare, in three ligand-bound states. Based on these structures and a multiple sequence alignment with other chalcone synthases, we constructed mutant variants and assessed their performance in E. coli toward producing methylated flavonoids. With our best mutant variant, HvCHS (Q232P, D234 V), we were able to produce homoeriodictyol and hesperetin at 2 times and 10 times higher titers than reported previously. Our findings will facilitate further engineering of this enzyme toward higher production of methylated flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Lili Zhang
- XB20
Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Siqi He
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Oerlemans
- XB20
Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. Quax
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew R. Groves
- XB20
Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Haslinger
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
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Yiakoumetti A, Hanko EKR, Zou Y, Chua J, Chromy J, Stoney RA, Valdehuesa KNG, Connolly JA, Yan C, Hollywood KA, Takano E, Breitling R. Expanding flavone and flavonol production capabilities in Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1275651. [PMID: 37920246 PMCID: PMC10619664 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1275651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavones and flavonols are important classes of flavonoids with nutraceutical and pharmacological value, and their production by fermentation with recombinant microorganisms promises to be a scalable and economically favorable alternative to extraction from plant sources. Flavones and flavonols have been produced recombinantly in a number of microorganisms, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae typically being a preferred production host for these compounds due to higher yields and titers of precursor compounds, as well as generally improved ability to functionally express cytochrome P450 enzymes without requiring modification to improve their solubility. Recently, a rapid prototyping platform has been developed for high-value compounds in E. coli, and a number of gatekeeper (2S)-flavanones, from which flavones and flavonols can be derived, have been produced to high titers in E. coli using this platform. In this study, we extended these metabolic pathways using the previously reported platform to produce apigenin, chrysin, luteolin and kaempferol from the gatekeeper flavonoids naringenin, pinocembrin and eriodictyol by the expression of either type-I flavone synthases (FNS-I) or type-II flavone synthases (FNS-II) for flavone biosynthesis, and by the expression of flavanone 3-dioxygenases (F3H) and flavonol synthases (FLS) for the production of the flavonol kaempferol. In our best-performing strains, titers of apigenin and kaempferol reached 128 mg L-1 and 151 mg L-1 in 96-DeepWell plates in cultures supplemented with an additional 3 mM tyrosine, though titers for chrysin (6.8 mg L-1) from phenylalanine, and luteolin (5.0 mg L-1) from caffeic acid were considerably lower. In strains with upregulated tyrosine production, apigenin and kaempferol titers reached 80.2 mg L-1 and 42.4 mg L-1 respectively, without the further supplementation of tyrosine beyond the amount present in the rich medium. Notably, the highest apigenin, chrysin and luteolin titers were achieved with FNS-II enzymes, suggesting that cytochrome P450s can show competitive performance compared with non-cytochrome P450 enzymes in prokaryotes for the production of flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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