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Garrett NR, Pink RC, Lawson C. Contribution of Extracellular Particles Isolated from Morus sp. (Mulberry) Fruit to Their Reported Protective Health Benefits: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6177. [PMID: 38892365 PMCID: PMC11173249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Morus sp. (mulberry) has a long tradition of use as a medicinal treatment, including for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, being shown to have antioxidant properties and to promote wound healing. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are sub-micron, membrane-enclosed particles that were first identified in mammalian bodily fluids. EV-like particles have been described in plants (PDVs) and shown to have similar characteristics to mammalian EVs. We hypothesised that some of the health benefits previously attributed to the fruit of Morus sp. could be due to the release of PDVs. We isolated PDVs from Morus nigra and Morus alba via ultracentrifugation and incubated THP-1 monocytes, differentiated THP-1 macrophages, or HMEC-1 endothelial cells with pro-oxidant compounds DMNQ (THP-1) and glucose oxidase (HMEC-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of different fractions of mulberry EVs. Mulberry EVs augmented ROS production with DMNQ in THP-1 and caused the downregulation of ROS in HMEC-1. Mulberry EVs increased LPS-induced IL-1β secretion but reduced CCL2 and TGF-β secretion in THP-1 macrophages. In scratch wound assays, mulberry EVs inhibited HMEC-1 migration but increased proliferation in both low and high serum conditions, suggesting that they have opposing effects in these two important aspects of wound healing. One of the limitations of plant-derived therapeutics has been overcoming the low bioavailability of isolated compounds. We propose that PDVs could provide the link between physiological dose and therapeutic benefit by protecting plant active compounds in the GIT as well as potentially delivering genetic material or proteins that contribute to previously observed health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neve R. Garrett
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
| | - Ryan C. Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK;
| | - Charlotte Lawson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Naeem A, Hu P, Yang M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zheng Q. Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238367. [PMID: 36500466 PMCID: PMC9737905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are currently being investigated as potential cytotoxic agents and have shown a positive trend in preclinical research and have prompted numerous innovative strategies in order to combat cancer and expedite the clinical research. Natural products are becoming increasingly important for drug discovery due to their high molecular diversity and novel biofunctionality. Furthermore, natural products can provide superior efficacy and safety due to their unique molecular properties. The objective of the current review is to provide an overview of the emergence of natural products for the treatment and prevention of cancer, such as chemosensitizers, immunotherapeutics, combinatorial therapies with other anticancer drugs, novel formulations of natural products, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pengyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence:
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Oddioside A, a New Phenolic Glycoside Isolated from the Fruits of Morus alba (Mulberry), Protects TNF-α-Induced Human Dermal Fibroblast Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101894. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our preliminary study, a hot water extract from the fruits of Morus alba (mulberry) inhibited the secretion of metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and therefore we researched its active compounds. In the present study, a new phenolic glycoside (oddioside A, 1) and 21 known compounds (2−22) were isolated from the hot water extract from the fruits of M. alba by repeated chromatography. The chemical structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by its spectroscopic data (1D− and 2D−NMR and HRMS) measurement and by acidic hydrolysis. The presence of sargentodoside E (2), eugenyl glucoside (6), 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (7), 7S,8R-erythro-7,9,9’-trihydroxy-3,3’-dimethoxy-8-O-4’-neolignan-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (11), pinoresinol-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (12), taxifolin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (20), and pinellic acid (21) were reported from M. alba for the first time in this study. The new compound oddioside A (1) suppressed the secretion of MMP-1 and increased collagen in TNF-α-stimulated HDFs. In addition, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was inhibited by oddioside A. In conclusion, the extract from fruits of M. alba and its constituent oddioside A may be a potential agent to prevent inflammation-related skin aging and other skin disorders.
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Chang BY, Koo BS, Kim SY. Pharmacological Activities for Morus alba L., Focusing on the Immunostimulatory Property from the Fruit Aqueous Extract. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081966. [PMID: 34441742 PMCID: PMC8393821 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the extraction method, numerous compounds that have specific pharmacological effects can be obtained from M. alba L. There is a growing scientific interest in health problems related to aging. Efforts to develop safe immune-enhancing pharmaceuticals are increasing. This review aims to summarize and critically discuss the immunity enhancement effects and pharmaceutical efficacy of M. alba L. extracts. The scientific database search was conducted using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed until May 2021. Additional articles were identified and obtained from references in the retrieved articles. Ethanol or methanol extraction of various parts of M. alba L. identified a large amount of phenols and flavonoids, which are effective for immunosuppression, antioxidants, and cardiovascular diseases, and are antibacterial, and anticancer. Water extraction of M. alba L. enhanced the innate immune response based on immune cell activation. A polysaccharide and an alkaloid related to increased macrophage activity were isolated from M. alba L. fruit extracts. M. alba L. fruit water extracts primarily induced the production of pro-inflammatory substances, in model organisms, via TLR4 in immune cells. Water extracts have been shown to be effective in pathogen defense and tumor suppression by enhancing macrophage activity. Based on our literature review on the bioactivity of M. alba L. fruit extracts, particularly in relation to their immunity enhancement activity, we anticipate that M. alba-derived pharmaceuticals will have excellent potential in future medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yoon Chang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Bong-Seong Koo
- ForBioKorea Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08592, Korea;
| | - Sung-Yeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-850-6806
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Bhattacharjya D, Sadat A, Dam P, Buccini DF, Mondal R, Biswas T, Biswas K, Sarkar H, Bhuimali A, Kati A, Mandal AK. Current concepts and prospects of mulberry fruits for nutraceutical and medicinal benefits. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lee D, Lee SR, Kang KS, Kim KH. Bioactive Phytochemicals from Mulberry: Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8120. [PMID: 34360887 PMCID: PMC8348635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruits of the mulberry tree (Morus alba L.), known as white mulberry, have been consumed in various forms, including tea, beverages, and desserts, worldwide. As part of an ongoing study to discover bioactive compounds from M. alba fruits, the anti-inflammatory effect of compounds from M. alba were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract of the M. alba fruits led to the isolation of 22 compounds. Among the isolated compounds, to the best of our knowledge, compounds 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, and 14-22 were identified from M. alba fruits for the first time in this study. Inhibitory effects of 22 compounds on the production of the nitric oxide (NO) known as a proinflammatory mediator in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were evaluated using NO assays. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5). We evaluated whether the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5) following LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages occurred because of phosphorylation of IκB kinase alpha (IKKα), IκB kinase beta (IKKβ), inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5) significantly suppressed phosphorylations of IKKα, IKKβ, IκBα, and NF-κB and activations of iNOS and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5) can be considered a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
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Antidiabetic Flavonoids from Fruits of Morus alba Promoting Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake via Akt and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040526. [PMID: 33918969 PMCID: PMC8069446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus alba (Moraceae), known as white mulberry, has been used to treat fever, protect against liver damage, improve eyesight, and lower blood sugar levels in traditional oriental medicine. Few studies have been conducted on the antidiabetic compounds identified from M. alba and their underlying mechanisms of action. Consequently, in this study, the fruits of M. alba were investigated for potential antidiabetic natural products using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of M. alba fruits, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), purification led to the isolation of two main compounds: rutin and quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside (Q3G). Long-term use of available drugs for treating type 2 diabetes ((T2D) is often accompanied by undesirable side effects, which have generated increased interest in the development of more effective and safer antidiabetic agents. Examination of the isolated compounds, rutin and Q3G, for antidiabetic or anti-obesity properties or both in 3T3-L1 adipocytes demonstrated that they both improved glucose uptake via Akt-mediated insulin signaling pathway or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The compounds also showed a positive effect on lipid accumulation in adipocytes, suggesting that glucose uptake occurred through activation of the Akt and AMPK signaling pathway without inducing adipogenesis. Taken together, our findings suggest that rutin and Q3G in M. alba fruits have the potential to induce fewer side effects such as weight gain, and these active compounds could be potential therapeutic candidates for the management of T2D.
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Yu JS, Lim SH, Lee SR, Choi CI, Kim KH. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of White Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) Fruits on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040920. [PMID: 33572374 PMCID: PMC7916181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects of white mulberry (Morus alba) fruits on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were investigated. The ethanol (EtOH) extract of white mulberry fruits and its derived fractions contained adequate total phenolic and flavonoid contents, with good in vitro antioxidant radical scavenging activity. The extract and fractions also markedly inhibited ROS generation and antioxidant activity. After treatment with the EtOH extract and its fractions, LPS stimulation-induced elevated nitric oxide (NO) production was restored, which was primarily mediated by downregulation of inducible NO synthase expression. A total of 20 chemical constituents including flavonoids, steroids, and phenolics were identified in the fractions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). These findings provide experimental evidence of the protective effects of white mulberry fruit extract against oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential as natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.S.Y.); (S.R.L.)
| | - Sung Ho Lim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.S.Y.); (S.R.L.)
| | - Chang-Ik Choi
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-961-5230 (C.-I.C.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.S.Y.); (S.R.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.-I.C.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-961-5230 (C.-I.C.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
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Phytochemicals Targeting VEGF and VEGF-Related Multifactors as Anticancer Therapy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030350. [PMID: 30871059 PMCID: PMC6462934 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer cells is not limited to angiogenesis; there are also multiple factors, such as neuropilins (non-tyrosine kinases receptors), tyrosine kinases receptors, immunodeficiencies, and integrins, that interact with VEGF signaling and cause cancer initiation. By combating these factors, tumor progression can be inhibited or limited. Natural products are sources of several bioactive phytochemicals that can interact with VEGF-promoting factors and inhibit them through various signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting cancer growth. This review provides a deeper understanding of the relation and interaction of VEGF with cancer-promoting factors and phytochemicals in order to develop multi-targeted cancer prevention and treatment.
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Bioactivity-based analysis and chemical characterization of anti-inflammatory compounds from Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Bioorg Chem 2018; 82:26-32. [PMID: 30267971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is not only a self-defense response of the innate immune system, but also the pathogenesis mechanism of multiple diseases such as arthritis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), an indigenous plant of India, has been used traditionally in Ayurveda and folk medicine. As part of our ongoing efforts to screen traditional medicinal plants exhibiting pharmacological potential and to characterize the compounds involved, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of the MeOH extract of C. zedoaria rhizomes using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells and found that MeOH extract inhibited the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner (IC50: 23.44 ± 0.77 μg/mL). In our efforts to characterize the compounds responsible for these anti-inflammatory effects, bioactivity-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract and chemical investigation of its active hexane-soluble fraction led to the successful isolation of five sesquiterpenes (1-5), the structures of which were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic analysis and LC/MS analysis. Among them, curcuzedoalide (5) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on NO synthesis (IC50: 12.21 ± 1.67 μM) and also suppressed pre-inflammatory protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Curcuzedoalide (5) was thus determined to be a contributor to the anti-inflammatory effect of C. zedoaria rhizomes and could be a potential candidate for therapeutic applications.
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Huh JY, Lee S, Ma EB, Eom HJ, Baek J, Ko YJ, Kim KH. The effects of phenolic glycosides from Betula platyphylla var. japonica on adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte metabolism. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1167-1173. [PMID: 30126307 PMCID: PMC6104606 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1491846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Betula platyphylla var. japonica (Betulaceae) has been used traditionally in Asian countries for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. A recent study has reported a phenolic compound, platyphylloside from B. platyphylla, that shows inhibition on adipocyte differentiation and induces lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells. Based on this finding, we conducted phytochemical analysis of the EtOH extract of the bark of B. platyphylla var. japonica, which resulted in the isolation of phenolic glycosides (1–4). Treatment of the isolated compounds (1–4) during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of adipogenesis. In mature adipocytes, arylbutanoid glycosides (2–4) induced lipolysis related genes HSL and ATGL, whereas catechin glycoside (1) had no effect. Additionally, arylbutanoid glycosides (2–4) also induced GLUT4 and adiponectin mRNA expression, indicating improvement in insulin signaling. This suggests that the isolates from B. platyphylla var. japonica exert benefial effects in regulation of adipocyte differentiation as well as adipocyte metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Huh
- a College of Pharmacy , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- b School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Ma
- a College of Pharmacy , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Eom
- b School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Baek
- b School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- c Laboratory of Nucear Magnetic Resonance , National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- b School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Republic of Korea
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So HM, Eom HJ, Lee D, Kim S, Kang KS, Lee IK, Baek KH, Park JY, Kim KH. Bioactivity evaluations of betulin identified from the bark of Betula platyphylla var. japonica for cancer therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:815-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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A new feruloyl glyceride from the roots of Asian rice ( Oryza sativa ). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Saracoglu O. Phytochemical accumulation of anthocyanin rich mulberry (Morus laevigata) during ripening. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Characteristic Components, Biological Activities and Future Prospective of Fructus Mori: a Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lee D, Yu JS, Lee SR, Hwang GS, Kang KS, Park JG, Kim HY, Kim KH, Yamabe N. Beneficial Effects of Bioactive Compounds in Mulberry Fruits against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041117. [PMID: 29642519 PMCID: PMC5979275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry, the fruit of white mulberry tree (Morus alba L., Moraceae), is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicines as a sedative, tonic, laxative, and emetic. In our continuing research of the bioactive metabolites from mulberry, chemical analysis of the fruits led to the isolation of five compounds, 1–5. The compounds were identified as butyl pyroglutamate (1), quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (2), kaempferol 3-O-β-d-rutinoside (3), rutin (4), and 2-phenylethyl d-rutinoside (5) by spectroscopic data analysis, comparing their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data with those in published literature, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The isolated compounds 1–5 were evaluated for their effects on anticancer drug-induced side effects by cell-based assays. Compound 1 exerted the highest protective effect against cisplatin-induced kidney cell damage. This effect was found to be mediated through the attenuation of phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and caspase-3 in cisplatin-induced kidney cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergenve Center, Pohang Technopark, Pohang 37668, Korea.
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Noriko Yamabe
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
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Wang X, Khutsishvili M, Fayvush G, Tamanyan K, Atha D, Borris RP. Phytochemical investigations of Atraphaxis spinosa L (Polygonaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Lee TK, Park JY, Yu JS, Jang TS, Oh ST, Pang C, Ko YJ, Kang KS, Kim KH. 7α,15-Dihydroxydehydroabietic acid from Pinus koraiensis inhibits the promotion of angiogenesis through downregulation of VEGF, p-Akt and p-ERK in HUVECs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1084-1089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Song JH, Lee D, Lee SR, Yu JS, Jang TS, Nam JW, Kim KH, Kang KS. Identification of bioactive heterocyclic compounds from mulberry and their protective effect against streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5982-5987. [PMID: 29436651 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extracts from mulberries (the fruit of Morus alba L.) led to the identification of six heterocyclic compounds (1‑6). These compounds were screened to detect whether they protected pancreatic INS‑1 cells from streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced cytotoxicity. Compound 3 was the most effective at preventing STZ‑induced cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in INS‑1 cells. In addition, compound 3 effectively prevented apoptosis induced by STZ in INS‑1 cells. Compound 3 also prevented STZ‑mediated cleavage of caspase‑8, caspase‑3 and poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase and increased the expression of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2), an anti‑apoptotic Bcl‑2 family protein. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that compound 3 extracted from the fruit of M. alba was highly effective in preventing type 1 diabetes mellitus and may be a novel treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gacheon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gacheon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
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Yuan Q, Zhao L. The Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit-A Review of Characteristic Components and Health Benefits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10383-10394. [PMID: 29129054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit has a high yield in one fruiting season in many countries, especially in Asia, and a long history of use as an edible fruit and traditional medicine. A great diversity of nutritive compounds such as fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins, rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and polysaccharides have been found in mulberry fruit depending on the cultivars and maturity stages. Furthermore, the extracts and active components of mulberry fruit have demonstrated numerous biological activities, including antioxidant, neuroprotective, antiatherosclerosis, immunomodulative, antitumor, antihyperglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities in in vitro and in vivo studies, and they have received increasing interest from researchers and pharmaceutical companies. Although some mechanistic studies further substantiate these potential health benefits of mulberry fruit, a need exists to make a better understanding of the roles of these compounds in traditional medicine and the diet. This review provides recent findings regarding the chemical constituents and biological activities of mulberry fruit, which may be useful for stimulating deep research of mulberry fruit and for predicting their uses as important and safe contributors to benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Chemical characterization of cytotoxic indole acetic acid derivative from mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) against human cervical cancer. Bioorg Chem 2017; 76:28-36. [PMID: 29125970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of the white mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) is a multiple fruit with a sweet flavor commonly consumed around the world. Chemical investigation of the fruits led to the isolation of two indole acetic acid derivatives (1 -2) including a new compound, which turned out to be an isolation artifact, 3S-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-indole-3-acetic acid butyl ester (1), along with five known compounds (3 -7). Compounds 2 and 7 were newly identified from mulberry fruit. The new isolation artifact (1) exhibited cytotoxic effect on human cervical cancer Hela cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 1 activated caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, followed by cleavage of PARP, a substrate of caspase-3, in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous alterations in protein expression of mitochondrial factors Bax, BID and Bcl-2 were also observed. A comparison between compounds 1 and 2 led to a structure-activity relationship analysis of the cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that compound 1 could be beneficial in human cervical cancer treatment, and provide a theoretical basis for further application of compound 1.
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Jagadish S, Hemshekhar M, NaveenKumar SK, Sharath Kumar KS, Sundaram MS, Basappa, Girish KS, Rangappa KS. Novel oxolane derivative DMTD mitigates high glucose-induced erythrocyte apoptosis by regulating oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 334:167-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chemical constituents from the rare mushroom Calvatia nipponica inhibit the promotion of angiogenesis in HUVECs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4122-4127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
A new 28-norlupane triterpenoid, 3-acetate-28-norlup-20(29)-en-3β-hydroxy-17β-hydroperoxide (1) and a new tirucallane triterpenoid, cornusalterin M (2), together with one known triterpenoid, 3-acetate-28-norlup-20(29)-en-3β,17β-diol (3), were isolated from a MeOH extract of the stems of Cornus walteri. The chemical structures of the new compounds (1 and 2) were elucidated based on comprehensive one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR spectroscopic experiments and high resolution-electrospray ionization (HR-ESI)-MS. Among the isolates, compound 1 was a relatively rare triterpenoid identified as a 28-norlupane-type triterpene with a 17β-hydroperoxide group and compound 3 was previously reported but only as a synthetic product. The cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds 1-3 were evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on human tumor cell lines (A549 (non-small cell lung carcinoma), SK-OV-3 (ovary malignant ascites), SK-MEL-2 (skin melanoma), and HCT-15 (colon adenocarcinoma)).
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Shin SH, Lee SR, Lee E, Kim KH, Byun S. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester from the Twigs of Cinnamomum cassia Inhibits Malignant Cell Transformation by Inducing c-Fos Degradation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2124-2130. [PMID: 28682072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The twigs of Cinnamomum cassia, commonly referred to as Cinnamomi Ramulus, are widely used as one of the primary ingredients in Chinese/Korean traditional medicines that have anticancer effects. However, the active constituents responsible for its anticancer effects and their molecular mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and caffeic acid (CA) were isolated for the first time from C. cassia using LC-MS-guided phytochemical isolation methods. CAPE significantly suppressed EGF- and TPA-induced cell transformation of JB6 P+ cells at sub-micromolar concentrations, whereas CA, a structurally similar compound to CAPE, had no such effect. The antiproliferative and chemopreventive activity of CAPE was found to arise through the inhibition of AP-1 transcriptional activity via the promotion of c-Fos degradation. These findings demonstrate that CAPE may contribute to the chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic effects of C. cassia through downregulating c-Fos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Shin
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University , Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Wu X, Ma Y, Zhang W, Hu L, Feng X, Li X, Tang X. Endophytic fungi from mangrove inhibit lung cancer cell growth and angiogenesis in vitro. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1793-1803. [PMID: 28098865 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary metabolites of mangrove-derived endophytic fungi contain multiple substances with novel structures and biological activities. In the present study, three types of mangrove plants, namely Kandelia candel, Rhizophora stylosa and Rhizophoraceae from Zhanjiang region including the leaves, roots and stems were collected, and endophytic fungi were isolated, purified and identified from these mangrove plants. MTT assay was used to observe the effects of the isolated endophytic fungi on the growth of A549 and NCI-H460 lung cancer cells. The effect of the endophytic fungi on lung cancer angiogenesis in vitro induced by the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein was observed. Our results showed that 28 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated, purified and identified from the three types of mangrove plants. Ten strains of endophytic fungi significantly suppressed the growth of A549 and NCI-H460 cells. The average inhibitory rates in the A549 cells were 64.4, 59.5, 81.9, 43.9, 58.3, 56.2, 48.3, 42.4, 93.0 and 49.7%, respectively. The average inhibitory rates in the NCI-H460 cells were 41.2, 49.3, 82.7, 40.7, 53.9, 52.6, 56.8, 64.3, 91.0 and 45.6%, respectively. Particularly, three strains of endophytic fungi markedly inhibited HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein‑induced lung cancer angiogenesis in vitro. These findings contribute to the further screening of potential chemotherapeutic agents from mangrove-derived endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yuefan Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhang Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Liang Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Feng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
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