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Cui Y, Xu Z, Tang S, Wang Y, Jiang G. Organochlorine pesticides and other pesticides in peanut oil: Residue level, source, household processing factor and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128272. [PMID: 35066221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peanut oil, edible vegetable oil largely consumed in China, may be polluted with pesticides during both peanut cultivation and processing. In this study, we analyzed organochlorine pesticides, five currently used pesticides and two degradation products, in soils, seeds, peanuts, oil and dregs and systematically tracked variations of their levels in field soils and during the pressing process. The results showed that the application of metolachlor, pirimicarb and quizalofop-p-ethyl pesticides during peanut cultivation caused their concentrations in peanuts to increase. In most samples, the concentration of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid was higher than that of λ-cyhalothrin, and the variation trends of λ-cyhalothrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in soil samples were similar, which indicate that after application, most λ-cyhalothrin may rapidly be degraded to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid. Regarding the pressing process of peanut oil, the sum of mass of oil and shells was less than the mass of the corresponding raw peanut. Compared with that in peanuts, the total mass of most pesticides in oil and shells was lower, while that of two degradation products was higher, an indication that the degradation products were still generated during the pressing process. Finally, the assessment of health risk of different age groups consuming the studied peanuts and peanut oil showed that the risk was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shanshan Tang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Wu N, Gao W, Yang Q, Qiao X, Cai Y, Gong J. Transfer of European Union priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to lycopene extracted from tomato peel powder and assessment of the risks posed. Food Chem 2021; 357:129785. [PMID: 33892352 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tomato peel is a promising source of lycopene. Benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and chrysene (PAH 4) are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) classed as priority pollutants by the European Union that can be sorbed by tomato peel and transferred to lycopene products. Here, the transfer of PAH 4 to extracted lycopene was assessed. Between 77.69% and 102.99% of PAH 4 in tomato peel was transferred to tomato oleoresin. The PAH transfer rate was closely related to the log (octanol-water partition coefficient). PAH partitioning depended on the PAH solubility in the different phases used. Only 0.028%-0.058% of the PAHs entered lycopene crystals, the rest remaining in the residue. This indicated that crystallization efficiently excluded PAH 4. Lycopene crystals 96.71% pure were produced that could be used in various commercial products. An exposure and risk assessment indicated that PAH 4 in lycopene do not pose strong risks to people consuming lycopene microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, Hebei, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Chenguang Biotech Group Corporation Limited, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Plant Resources in Hebei Province, Chenguang Biotech Group Corporation Limited, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Qingshan Yang
- Hebei Chenguang Testing Technology Service Corporation Limited, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xuanxuan Qiao
- Chenguang Biotech Group Corporation Limited, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yayuan Cai
- Chenguang Biotech Group Corporation Limited, Handan 057250, Hebei, PR China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Rose M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06421. [PMID: 33732387 PMCID: PMC7938899 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers α-, β- and γ-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 μg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern. An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.
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Liu T, Peng J, Pan L, Zhou D, Sun K, Tu S, Tu K. Effects of shiitakes household processing on the residues of six pesticides. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry Nanjing Tech University Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Leiqing Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People’s Republic of China
| | - Sicong Tu
- Medical Sciences Division University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Kang Tu
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People’s Republic of China
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Molecular reaction mechanism for elimination of zearalenone during simulated alkali neutralization process of corn oil. Food Chem 2020; 307:125546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chen YS, Xiao HM, Wang TQ, Yu L, Feng YQ. A boronic acid modified binary matrix consisting of boron nitride and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid for determination of cis-diols by MALDI-TOF MS. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:591. [PMID: 31372763 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric method is described for the determination of small molecule compounds with cis-diol. It is based on the use of a binary matrix consisting of boron nitride (BN) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid that was modified with the derivatization reagent of (3-(acridin-9-ylamino)phenyl)boronic acid which can recognize cis-diols. The binary matrix is used for desorption/ionization (DI) in the positive ion mode. The mechanism leading to DI enhancement was investigated. The results imply that BN is beneficial for the DI because it induces an enhancement in the positive ion mode. The boronic acid-functionalized binary matrix was successfully applied to capture the glucose, shikimic acid and quinic acid. The method was applied to the determination of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in plant oil. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of a method for detecting the cis-diol compounds on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) using the binary matrix of boron nitride (BN)/α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) that was modified with (3-(acridin-9-ylamino)phenyl) boronic acid (AYPBA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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