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Major N, Perković J, Palčić I, Bažon I, Horvat I, Ban D, Goreta Ban S. The Phytochemical and Nutritional Composition of Shallot Species (Allium × cornutum, Allium × proliferum and A. cepa Aggregatum) Is Genetically and Environmentally Dependent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081547. [PMID: 36009266 PMCID: PMC9405304 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shallots are a perennial plant from the Alliaceae family, classified with the common onion under the name of the Allium cepa Aggregatum group. The term shallot is also used for diploid and triploid viviparous onions, known as Allium × proliferum (Moench) Schrad and Allium × cornutum Clementi ex Vis., respectively. In this study, we compared the dry matter, pyruvic acid content, sugar content, flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity and mineral composition of 34 shallot accessions falling into three shallot species (Allium × cornutum, Allium × proliferum and A. cepa Aggregatum). Shallot accessions belonging to the A.× cornutum and A. × proliferum groups are characterized by high dry matter content (around 25%), of which a little less than 50% is formed of inulin-type sugars, polysaccharides, considered an excellent prebiotic with beneficial effects on human health. On the other hand, accessions belonging to the A. cepa Aggregatum group have lower dry matter content and, as a result, lower pungency (measured as pyruvic acid content), making them more suitable for fresh consumption by a broader range of consumers, but, at the same time, abundant in phenolic compounds, especially quercetin and isorhamnetin glycosides. We also observed a greater biodiversity among accessions within the A. cepa Aggregatum group in all the analyzed physico-chemical parameters compared to the other shallot groups. The investigated shallot accessions have an excellent in vitro antioxidant capacity, as well as excellent nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Major
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Hugues 8, 52210 Poreč, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (S.G.B.)
| | - Josipa Perković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Hugues 8, 52210 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Igor Palčić
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Hugues 8, 52210 Poreč, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Bažon
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Hugues 8, 52210 Poreč, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Horvat
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Hugues 8, 52210 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Dean Ban
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Hugues 8, 52210 Poreč, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Hugues 8, 52210 Poreč, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (S.G.B.)
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Planting Date and Different N-Fertilization Rates Differently Modulate Agronomic and Economic Traits of a Sicilian Onion Landrace and of a Commercial Variety. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The onion is one of the most widespread bulb vegetables worldwide. Onion cultivation is common in Sicily, as is the use of local genotypes. Cultivation practices are of particular interest in optimizing yield, quality, and profits. The aim of this study was to assess the agronomic response of a Sicilian landrace (Bianca Calda di Comiso, coded L1) and a commercial variety (Bianca di Maggio, coded V1) to different planting dates and N fertilization rates. An economic appraisal was also performed. The two genotypes were assessed using an experimental split-split-plot design with four levels of nitrogen rates (0, 80, 160, and 220 kg N ha−1) and two different planting dates (8 October 2005 to 9 October 2006 for the early planting date, and 27 December 2005 to 30 December 2006 for the traditional planting date). The marketable yield and production parameters were significantly influenced by the nitrogen dose: higher doses led to a higher total yield, with yield peaks above 60 t ha−1 and the marketable yield ranging from 23% to 54%. Simultaneously, decreases in the firmness (from 7% to 19%) and scale content (from 1% to 3%) were also reported. The L1 landrace showed a higher production than the V1 variety. The crop year did not significantly affect the results, and the traditional planting date appeared to be the most suitable choice in obtaining the best agronomic response. Economic analysis showed that the L1 landrace, with high-N application treatments, produced greater net benefits and marginal rates of return. Thus, the L1 landrace exposed to the highest dosages of nitrogen (160 or 220 kg ha−1) and transplanted during the traditional planting period is the best choice from agronomic and economic points of view.
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Tabussam N, Rana RM, Wattoo FM, Khan AI, Amir RM, Javed T, Ahmar S, Dessoky ES, Abdelsalam NR. Single nucleotide polymorphism based assessment of genetic diversity in local and exotic onion genotypes. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5511-5520. [PMID: 35484441 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onion is an economically important vegetable cultivated worldwide on a large scale. Liberal exchange of germplasm and frequent selection caused narrow genetic diversity in most crops, including onion. Thus, it is essential to estimate and understand genetic diversity before launching of any breeding program. The current study was conducted to explore genetic diversity among 39 short-day onion genotypes (indigenous and exotic). METHODS AND RESULTS All the genotypes were evaluated for various phenotypic traits by using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping based on KASPar assays. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the variability among genotypes. The four principal components with eigenvalue greater than 1 accounted for 67.5656% variability for quantitative traits, whereas first five principal components with eigenvalue greater than 0.7 accounted for 86.24% variation among the genotypes for qualitative traits. The principal component analysis identified diverse traits including bulb weight, bulb diameter, plant height, number of survived plants and vitamin C. These traits were further analyzed through ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) following augmented block design to describe genotypic variability for selected traits. Onion genotypes showed significant variation for bulb weight, bulb diameter and Vitamin C. Genotypic clustering based on PCA showed that 15 indigenous genotypes were clustered with exotic genotypes (14) while remaining indigenous genotypes (10) were distant. A total of 30 SNPs were used for assessment of genetic diversity out of these, 24 SNPs were detected with polymorphic loci (0.8%, heterozygosity), while only six markers were with monomorphic sites (0.2% heterozygosity). Subsequently, population structure analysis revealed three different populations indicating significant variability. CONCLUSION Conclusively, a significant similarity between exotic and a group of indigenous genotypes indicates direct adoption of exotic genotypes or their sister lines. A further broadening of the genetic base is required and could be done by crossing distant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Tabussam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Mehmood Rana
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Fahad Masoud Wattoo
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Azeem Iqbal Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rai Muhammad Amir
- Institute of Food &, Nutritional Sciences PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Eldessoky S Dessoky
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader R Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
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Influence of propagation method and storage conditions on fructo-oligosaccharide degradation in onions (Allium cepa L.). J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Krähmer A, Böttcher C, Gudi G, Stürtz M, Schulz H. Application of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for profiling of non-structural carbohydrates in onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs. Food Chem 2021; 360:129978. [PMID: 34000635 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative composition of non-structural carbohydrates comprising glucose, fructose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) is one of the key determinants of market suitability, storability and technological processability of onions. To develop a cost-effective and rapid tool for carbohydrate profiling, applicability of attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy of onion juice was investigated with special regard to FOS patterns. As reference, detailed carbohydrate profiles of onion juices were generated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of ATR-FTIR spectra was successfully applied for classifying onions into fresh market, storage and dehydrator type according to HPLC-ELSD profiles. A bootstrapping method for automatized test-set validation by projection to latent structures (PLS) algorithms using HPLC and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy data was developed. Model statistics showed promising perspectives for reliable quantification of individual saccharides and sum parameters. The presented methodology allows estimating the nutritional and pre-biotic value directly during cultivation and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Krähmer
- Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Strasse 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Strasse 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gennadi Gudi
- Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Strasse 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Melanie Stürtz
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstrasse 1, 37603 Holzminden, Germany.
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Strasse 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Consulting & Project Management for Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Waltraudstrasse 4, 14532 Stahnsdorf, Germany.
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Zhan L, Huang X, Xue J, Liu H, Xiong C, Wang J, Nie Z. MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry imaging reveals non-uniform distribution of disaccharide isomers in plant tissues. Food Chem 2020; 338:127984. [PMID: 33092001 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful technique for investigating the biomolecular locations within tissues. However, the isomeric compounds are rarely distinguished due to inability of MSI to differentiate isomers in the probing area. Coupling tandem mass spectrometry with MSI can facilitate differentiating isomeric compounds. Here MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry imaging approach was applied to probing the spatial distributions of isomeric disaccharides in plant tissues. First, MS/MS imaging analysis of disaccharide-matrix droplet spots demonstrated the feasibility of distinguishing isomeric species in tissues, by measuring the relative intensity of specific fragments. Then, tandem MS imaging of disaccharides in onion bulb tissues indicated that sucrose and other unknown non-sucrose disaccharides exhibit heterogeneous locations throughout the tissues. This method enables us to image disaccharide isomers differentially in biological tissues, and to discover new saccharide species in plant. This work also emphasizes the necessity of considering isobaric compounds when interpreting MSI results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xi Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jinjuan Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jiyun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, Beijing 100190, China.
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Ricciardi L, Mazzeo R, Marcotrigiano AR, Rainaldi G, Iovieno P, Zonno V, Pavan S, Lotti C. Assessment of Genetic Diversity of the "Acquaviva Red Onion" ( Allium cepa L.) Apulian Landrace. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020260. [PMID: 32085407 PMCID: PMC7076509 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the second most important vegetable crop worldwide and is widely appreciated for its health benefits. Despite its significant economic importance and its value as functional food, onion has been poorly investigated with respect to its genetic diversity. Herein, we surveyed the genetic variation in the “Acquaviva red onion” (ARO), a landrace with a century-old history of cultivation in a small town in the province of Bari (Apulia, Southern of Italy). A set of 11 microsatellite markers were used to explore the genetic variation in a germplasm collection consisting of 13 ARO populations and three common commercial types. Analyses of genetic structure with parametric and non-parametric methods highlighted that the ARO represents a well-defined gene pool, clearly distinct from the Tropea and Montoro landraces with which it is often mistaken. In order to provide a description of bulbs, usually used for fresh consumption, soluble solid content and pungency were evaluated, showing higher sweetness in the ARO with respect to the two above mentioned landraces. Overall, the present study is useful for the future valorization of the ARO, which could be promoted through quality labels which could contribute to limit commercial frauds and improve the income of smallholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ricciardi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding Unit University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.R.); (A.R.M.); (V.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Rosa Mazzeo
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Angelo Raffaele Marcotrigiano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding Unit University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.R.); (A.R.M.); (V.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Guglielmo Rainaldi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceuticals, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Paolo Iovieno
- Department of Energy Technologies, Bioenergy, Biorefinery and Green Chemistry Division, ENEA Trisaia Research Center, S.S. 106 Ionica, km 419+500, 75026 Rotondella (MT), Italy;
| | - Vito Zonno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding Unit University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.R.); (A.R.M.); (V.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Pavan
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding Unit University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.R.); (A.R.M.); (V.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Concetta Lotti
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (C.L.)
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