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Nakayasu M, Takamatsu K, Kanai K, Masuda S, Yamazaki S, Aoki Y, Shibata A, Suda W, Shirasu K, Yazaki K, Sugiyama A. Tomato root-associated Sphingobium harbors genes for catabolizing toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids. mBio 2023; 14:e0059923. [PMID: 37772873 PMCID: PMC10653915 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00599-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Saponins are a group of plant specialized metabolites with various bioactive properties, both for human health and soil microorganisms. Our previous works demonstrated that Sphingobium is enriched in both soils treated with a steroid-type saponin, such as tomatine, and in the tomato rhizosphere. Despite the importance of saponins in plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, the genes involved in the catabolism of saponins and their aglycones (sapogenins) remain largely unknown. Here we identified several enzymes that catalyzed the degradation of steroid-type saponins in a Sphingobium isolate from tomato roots, RC1. A comparative genomic analysis of Sphingobium revealed the limited distribution of genes for saponin degradation in our saponin-degrading isolates and several other isolates, suggesting the possible involvement of the saponin degradation pathway in the root colonization of Sphingobium spp. The genes that participate in the catabolism of sapogenins could be applied to the development of new industrially valuable sapogenin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takamatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Kanai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Masuda
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamazaki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Arisa Shibata
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Chen Y, Akhtar M, Ma Z, Hu T, Liu Q, Pan H, Zhang X, Nafady AA, Ansari AR, Abdel-Kafy ESM, Shi D, Liu H. Chicken cecal microbiota reduces abdominal fat deposition by regulating fat metabolism. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:28. [PMID: 37253749 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cecal microbiota plays an essential role in chicken health. However, its contribution to fat metabolism, particularly in abdominal fat deposition, which is a severe problem in the poultry industry, is still unclear. Here, chickens at 1, 4, and 12 months of age with significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower abdominal fat deposition were selected to elucidate fat metabolism. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher mRNA expression of fat anabolism genes (ACSL1, FADS1, CYP2C45, ACC, and FAS), a significantly (p < 0.05) lower mRNA expression of fat catabolism genes (CPT-1 and PPARα) and fat transport gene APOAI in liver/abdominal fat of high abdominal fat deposition chickens indicated that an unbalanced fat metabolism leads to excessive abdominal fat deposition. Parabacteroides, Parasutterella, Oscillibacter, and Anaerofustis were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in high abdominal fat deposition chickens, while Sphaerochaeta was higher in low abdominal fat deposition chickens. Further, Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the relative abundance of cecal Parabacteroides, Parasutterella, Oscillibacter, and Anaerofustis was positively correlated with abdominal fat deposition, yet cecal Sphaerochaeta was negatively correlated with fat deposition. Interestingly, transferring fecal microbiota from adult chickens with low abdominal fat deposition into one-day-old chicks significantly (p < 0.05) decreased Parabacteroides and fat anabolism genes, while markedly increased Sphaerochaeta (p < 0.05) and fat catabolism genes (p < 0.05). Our findings might help to assess the potential mechanism of cecal microbiota regulating fat deposition in chicken production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Tingwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qiyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Abdallah A Nafady
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Abdur Rahman Ansari
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS) Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - El-Sayed M Abdel-Kafy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Deshi Shi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China.
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3
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Li N, Xia H, Jiang Y, Xiong J, Lou W. Co-immobilization of β-xylosidase and endoxylanase on zirconium based metal-organic frameworks for improving xylosidase activity at high temperature and in acetone. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129240. [PMID: 37247794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Improving the activity of β-xylosidase at high temperature and organic solvents is important for the conversion of xylan, phytochemicals and some hydroxyl-containing substances to produce xylose and bioactive substances. In this study, a β-xylosidase R333H and an endoxylanase were simultaneously co-immobilized on the metal-organic framework UiO-66-NH2. Compared with the single R333H immobilization system, the co-immobilization enhanced the activity of R333H at high temperature and high concentration of acetone, and the relative activities at 95°C and 50% acetone solution were > 95%. The Km value of co-immobilized R333H towards p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (pNPX) shifted from 2.04 to 0.94 mM, which indicated the enhanced affinity towards pNPX. After 5 cycles, the relative activities of the co-immobilized enzymes towards pNPX and corncob xylan were 52% and 70% respectively, and the accumulated amount of reducing sugars obtained by co-immobilized enzymes degrading corncob xylan in 30% (v/v) acetone solution was 1.7 times than that with no acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanbin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenyong Lou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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4
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Li N, Zhang R, Zhou J, Huang Z. Structures, Biochemical Characteristics, and Functions of β-Xylosidases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7961-7976. [PMID: 37192316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The complete degradation of abundant xylan derived from plants requires the participation of β-xylosidases to produce the xylose which can be converted to xylitol, ethanol, and other valuable chemicals. Some phytochemicals can also be hydrolyzed by β-xylosidases into bioactive substances, such as ginsenosides, 10-deacetyltaxol, cycloastragenol, and anthocyanidins. On the contrary, some hydroxyl-containing substances such as alcohols, sugars, and phenols can be xylosylated by β-xylosidases into new chemicals such as alkyl xylosides, oligosaccharides, and xylosylated phenols. Thus, β-xylosidases shows great application prospects in food, brewing, and pharmaceutical industries. This review focuses on the molecular structures, biochemical properties, and bioactive substance transformation function of β-xylosidases derived from bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and metagenomes. The molecular mechanisms of β-xylosidases related to the properties and functions are also discussed. This review will serve as a reference for the engineering and application of β-xylosidases in food, brewing, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Education Department for Plateau Characteristic Food Enzymes, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Education Department for Plateau Characteristic Food Enzymes, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpei Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Education Department for Plateau Characteristic Food Enzymes, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Education Department for Plateau Characteristic Food Enzymes, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
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5
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Rasool Kamli M, Malik A, S M Sabir J, Ahmad Rather I, Kim CB. Insights into the biodegradation and heavy metal resistance potential of the genus Brevibacillus through comparative genome analyses. Gene 2022; 846:146853. [PMID: 36070852 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Brevibacillus belonging to the familyPaenibacillaceae are Gram-positive/variable, endospore-forming, and rod-shaped bacteria that dwell in various environmental habitats. Brevibacillus spp. have a wide range of enzyme activities such as degradation of various carbohydrates, plastics, and they possess resistance against heavy metals. These characteristics make them encouraging contenders for biotechnological applications.In this work, we analyzed the reference genomes of 19Brevibacillusspecies, focusing on discovering the biodegradation and heavy metal resistance capabilities of this little studied genus from genomic data. The results indicate that several strain specific traits were identified. For example Brevibacillus halotolerans s-14, and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25 have more glycoside hydrolases (GHs) compared to other carbohydrate-active enzymes, and therefore might be more suitable for biodegradation of carbohydrates. In contrast, strains such as Brevibacillus antibioticus TGS2-1, with a higher number of glycosyltransfereases (GTs) may aid in the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates. Our results also suggest some correlation between heavy metal resistance and polyurethane degradation, thus indicating that heavy metal resistance strains (e.g. Brevibacillus reuszeri J31TS6) can be a promising source of enzymes for polyurethane degradation. These strain specific features make the members of this bacterial group potential candidates for further investigations with industrial implications. This work also represents the first exhaustive study of Brevibacillus at the genome scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adeel Malik
- Institute of Intelligence Informatics Technology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chang-Bae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Yu Z, Chen S, Zhang M, Zhang T, Luo X, Zhao J, Li Z. Simultaneous Improvement of Final Product-Tolerance and Thermostability of GH39 Xylosidase for Prebiotic Production by Directed Evolution. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193039. [PMID: 36230114 PMCID: PMC9563585 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylosidases are widely used for the production of prebiotics and the transformation of natural active substances in the food industry. However, xylosidases with excellent thermostability and product tolerance are required for industrial applications. In this study, the thermostability and final-product tolerance of the previously reported robust xylosidase Xyl21 were further improved via directed evolution. The triple mutant variant Xyl21-A16 (K16R, L94I, and K262N) showed significantly enhanced xylose tolerance, ethanol tolerance, and thermostability with no apparent changes in the specific activity, optimum pH, and temperature compared with the wild type. Single site mutations suggested that variant Xyl21-A16 is the cumulative result of three mutated sites, which indicated that K16 and L94 play important roles in enzyme characteristics. Moreover, a comparison of the predicted protein structures of Xyl21 and its variant indicated that additional molecular interactions formed by K16R and K262N might directly improve the rigidity of the protein structure, therefore contributing to the increased thermostability and product tolerance. The variant Xyl21-A16 developed in this study has great application potential in the production of prebiotics, and also provides a useful reference for the future engineering of other xylosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shiheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Junqi Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
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Qu Y, Luo Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Yang E, Xu H, He Y, Chagan I, Yan J. Highly Efficient Biotransformation of Phenolic Glycosides Using a Recombinant β -Glucosidase From White Rot Fungus Trametes trogii. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:762502. [PMID: 35663869 PMCID: PMC9158485 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.762502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic glycosides are the important bioactive molecules, and their bioavailability can be influenced by enzyme hydrolysis, such as β-glucosidases (EC3.2.1.21) and other glycosyl hydrolases (GHs). Wood rotting fungi possess a superfamily of GHs, but little attention has been paid to the GHs and their potential applications in biotransformation of phenolic glycosides. In this study, two GH3 gene family members of Trametes trogii S0301, mainly expressed in the carbon sources conversion stage were cloned, and TtBgl3 coded by T_trogii_12914 showed β-glucosidase activity toward 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG). The recombinant TtBgl3 preferred an intermediately neutral optimum pH with >80% of the maximum activity at pH 5.0-7.0 and was stable at a wide range of pH (5.0-10.0). Phenolic glycosides transformation experiments showed that TtBgl3 was a dual-activity enzyme with both activities of aryl-β-D-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase, and could hydrolyze the β-glucoside/glucuronide bond of phenolic glycosides. Under optimized conditions, the recombinant TtBgl3 had much higher transformation efficiency toward the β-glucoside bond of gastrodin, esculin and daidzin than β-glucuronide bond of baicalin, with the transformation rate of 100 and 50%, respectively. Our homology modeling, molecular docking, and mutational analysis demonstrated that His85 and Lys467 in the acceptor-binding pocket of TtBgl3 were the potential active sites. The point mutation of His85 and Lys467 leads to the significantly impaired catalytic activity toward pNPG and also the weak transformation efficiency toward gastrodin. These findings provide insights for the identification of novel GH3 β-glucosidases from T. trogii and other wood-rotting fungi. Furthermore, TtBgl3 might be applied as green and efficient biological catalysts in the deglycosylation of diverse phenolics to produce bioactive glycosides for drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qu
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xulei Yang
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - En Yang
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Huini Xu
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yingying He
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Irbis Chagan
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - JinPing Yan
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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8
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Li Q, Wang L, Fang X, Zhao L. Highly Efficient Biotransformation of Notoginsenoside R1 into Ginsenoside Rg1 by Dictyoglomus thermophilum β-xylosidase Xln-DT. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:447-457. [PMID: 35131955 PMCID: PMC9628812 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2111.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Rg1 are the main active ingredients of Panax notoginseng, exhibiting anti-fatigue, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and other activities. In a previous study, a GH39 β-xylosidase Xln-DT was responsible for the bioconversion of saponin, a natural active substance with a xylose group, with high selectivity for cleaving the outer xylose moiety of notoginsenoside R1 at the C-6 position, producing ginsenoside Rg1 with potent anti-fatigue activity. The optimal bioconversion temperature, pH, and enzyme dosage were obtained by optimizing the transformation conditions. Under optimal conditions (pH 6.0, 75°C, enzyme dosage 1.0 U/ml), 1.0 g/l of notoginsenoside R1 was converted into 0.86 g/l of ginsenoside Rg1 within 30 min, with a molar conversion rate of approximately 100%. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-fatigue activity of notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Rg1 were compared using a suitable rat model. Compared with the control group, the forced swimming time to exhaustion was prolonged in mice by 17.3% in the Rg1 high group (20 mg/kg·d). Additionally, the levels of hepatic glycogen (69.9-83.3% increase) and muscle glycogen (36.9-93.6% increase) were increased. In the Rg1 group, hemoglobin levels were also distinctly increased by treatment concentrations. Our findings indicate that treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 enhances the anti-fatigue effects. In this study, we reveal a GH39 β-xylosidase displaying excellent hydrolytic activity to produce ginsenoside Rg1 in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Xianying Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China,Corresponding authors X. Fang Phone : +86-025-85427962 Fax : +86-025-85418873 E-mail :
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China,
L. Zhao Phone : +86-025-85427962 Fax : +86-025-85418873 E-mail :
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9
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Bankeeree W, Prasongsuk S, Lotrakul P, Abd‐Aziz S, Punnapayak H. Enzymes for Hemicellulose Degradation. BIOREFINERY OF OIL PRODUCING PLANTS FOR VALUE‐ADDED PRODUCTS 2022:199-220. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527830756.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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10
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Liu J, Xin Y, Qiu Z, Zhang Q, He T, Qiu Y, Wang W. Cordyceps sinensis-mediated biotransformation of notoginsenoside R1 into 25-OH-20( S/ R)-R2 with elevated cardioprotective effect against DOX-induced cell injury. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12938-12946. [PMID: 35497008 PMCID: PMC9049007 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01470j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 is a dammarane saponin in Panax notoginseng with promising cardioprotective effects. The bioactivity–structure relationship of such saponins suggested that the presence of a hydroxyl group at C25 could elevate its performance. To fulfill that goal, bioconversion of notoginsenoside R1 was mediated by a biocatalytic system of Cordyceps sinensis that had successfully produced multiple 25-OH derivatives from ginsenoside Re and Rg1. The major metabolic products of notoginsenoside R1 were identified as 25-OH-20(S/R)-R2 via the techniques of HRMS, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, HSQC and HMBC. Time-course experiments were designed to monitor the reaction process, establishing a biocatalytic pathway of “R1→20(S/R)-R2→25-OH-20(S/R)-R2”. The bioconversion rate of these 25-OH derivatives added up to 69.87% which greatly precedes the previous report. Afterwards, the effect of these biocatalytic products against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated, indicating a significant increase in efficacy after the hydration of the C24–C25 double bond on the dammarane skeleton. In conclusion, the biocatalytic system employed in this paper is able to harvest 25-OH-20(S/R)-R2 in high yield from notoginsenoside R1, which will provide lead compounds or drug candidates to alleviate myocardial injury caused by doxorubicin. The biocatalytic system in this paper preferably yielded 25-OH notoginsenoside R2 from R1 in a regioselective manner. Such a process significantly elevated the effects of these 25-OH derivatives against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishuang Liu
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Xin
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tianzhu He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Weinan Wang
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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11
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Li Q, Jiang Y, Tong X, Zhao L, Pei J. Co-production of Xylooligosaccharides and Xylose From Poplar Sawdust by Recombinant Endo-1,4-β-Xylanase and β-Xylosidase Mixture Hydrolysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:637397. [PMID: 33598452 PMCID: PMC7882696 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.637397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As is well-known, endo-1,4-β-xylanase and β-xylosidase are the rate-limiting enzymes in the degradation of xylan (the major hemicellulosic component), main functions of which are cleavaging xylan to release xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and xylose that these two compounds have important application value in fuel, food, and other industries. This study focuses on enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar sawdust xylan for production of XOS and xylose by a GH11 endo-1,4-β-xylanase MxynB-8 and a GH39 β-xylosidase Xln-DT. MxynB-8 showed excellent ability to hydrolyze hemicellulose of broadleaf plants, such as poplar. Under optimized conditions (50°C, pH 6.0, dosage of 500 U/g, substrate concentration of 2 mg/mL), the final XOS yield was 85.5%, and the content of XOS2−3 reached 93.9% after 18 h. The enzymatic efficiency by MxynB-8 based on the poplar sawdust xylan in the raw material was 30.5%. Xln-DT showed excellent xylose/glucose/arabinose tolerance, which is applied as a candidate to apply in degradation of hemicellulose. In addition, the process and enzymatic mode of poplar sawdust xylan with MxynB-8 and Xln-DT were investigated. The results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of poplar sawdust xylan was improved by adding Xln-DT, and a xylose-rich hydrolysate could be obtained at high purity, with the xylose yield of 89.9%. The enzymatic hydrolysis yield was higher (32.2%) by using MxynB-8 and Xln-DT together. This study provides a deep understanding of double-enzyme synergetic enzymolysis of wood polysaccharides to valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunpeng Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Tong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Pei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Biochemical characterization of a novel halo/organic-solvents/final-products tolerant GH39 xylosidase from saline soil and its synergic action with xylanase. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:184-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Bretagne D, Pâris A, de Vaumas R, Lafite P, Daniellou R. Crystal structure of Dictyoglomus thermophilum β-d-xylosidase DtXyl unravels the structural determinants for efficient notoginsenoside R1 hydrolysis. Biochimie 2020; 181:34-41. [PMID: 33242495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dictyoglomus thermophilum β-d-xylosidase DtXyl is attractive as a potential thermostable biocatalyst able to produce biologically active ginsenosides intermediates from β-(1,2)-D-xylosylated compounds, including Notoginsenoside-R1. DtXyl was expressed as an active N-terminal His-tagged protein, and its crystal structure was solved in presence or absence of d-xylose product. Modelling of notoginsenoside R1 in DtXyl active site led to the identification of several hydrophobic residues interacting in close contact to the substrate hydrophobic core. Unlike other residues involved in substrate binding, these residues are not conserved among GH39 xylosidase family, and their physico-chemical properties can be correlated to the efficient binding and subsequent hydrolysis of Notoginsenoside R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bretagne
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR CNRS-Université d'Orléans 7311, Université d'Orléans, BP 6759, Orléans, 45067, Cedex 2, France
| | - Arnaud Pâris
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR CNRS-Université d'Orléans 7311, Université d'Orléans, BP 6759, Orléans, 45067, Cedex 2, France
| | - René de Vaumas
- Extrasynthese, CS 30062, ZI Lyon Nord, Impasse Jacquard, 69727, Genay Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Lafite
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR CNRS-Université d'Orléans 7311, Université d'Orléans, BP 6759, Orléans, 45067, Cedex 2, France.
| | - Richard Daniellou
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR CNRS-Université d'Orléans 7311, Université d'Orléans, BP 6759, Orléans, 45067, Cedex 2, France
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