1
|
Zhang W, Li Z, Dang R, Tran TT, Gallivan RA, Gao H, Greer JR. Suppressed Size Effect in Nanopillars with Hierarchical Microstructures Enabled by Nanoscale Additive Manufacturing. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8162-8170. [PMID: 37642465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies on mechanical size effects in nanosized metals unanimously highlight both intrinsic microstructures and extrinsic dimensions for understanding size-dependent properties, commonly focusing on strengths of uniform microstructures, e.g., single-crystalline/nanocrystalline and nanoporous, as a function of pillar diameters, D. We developed a hydrogel infusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) technique using two-photon lithography to produce metals in prescribed 3D-shapes with ∼100 nm feature resolution. We demonstrate hierarchical microstructures of as-AM-fabricated Ni nanopillars (D ∼ 130-330 nm) to be nanoporous and nanocrystalline, with d ∼ 30-50 nm nanograins subtending each ligament in bamboo-like arrangements and pores with critical dimensions comparable to d. In situ nanocompression experiments unveil their yield strengths, σ, to be ∼1-3 GPa, above single-crystalline/nanocrystalline counterparts in the D range, a weak size dependence, σ ∝ D-0.2, and localized-to-homogenized transition in deformation modes mediated by nanoporosity, uncovered by molecular dynamics simulations. This work highlights hierarchical microstructures on mechanical response in nanosized metals and suggests small-scale engineering opportunities through AM-enabled microstructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Zhi Li
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore
| | - Ruoqi Dang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 639798, Singapore
| | - Thomas T Tran
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Rebecca A Gallivan
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Huajian Gao
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 639798, Singapore
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Interatomic Potential to Predict the Favored Glass-Formation Compositions and Local Atomic Arrangements of Ternary Al-Ni-Ti Metallic Glasses. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An empirical potential under the formalism of second-moment approximation of tight-binding potential is constructed for an Al-Ni-Ti ternary system and proven reliable in reproducing the physical properties of pure elements and their various compounds. Based on the constructed potential, molecular dynamic simulations are employed to study metallic glass formations and their local atomic arrangements. First, a glass-formation range is determined by comparing the stability of solid solutions and their corresponding counterparts, reflecting the possible composition region energetically favored for the formation of amorphous phases. Second, a favored glass-formation composition subregion around Al0.05Ni0.35Ti0.60 is determined by calculating the amorphous driving forces from crystalline-to-amorphous transition. Moreover, various structural analysis methods are used to characterize the local atomic arrangements of Al0.05NixTi0.95-x metallic glasses. We find that the amorphous driving force is positively correlated with glass-formation ability. It is worth noting that the addition of Ni significantly increases the amorphous driving force configurations of fivefold symmetry and structural disorder in Al0.05NixTi0.95-x metallic glasses until the content of Ni reaches approximately 35 at%.
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu D, Wang Z, Chang TY, Saini JS, Chen WY, Li M, Zhu Y. Direct transformation of equilateral hexagonal Frank vacancy loops to stacking fault tetrahedra under thermal fluctuation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:385702. [PMID: 35803250 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7fd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) are highly interesting three-dimensional vacancy defects in quenched, plastically deformed or irradiated face-centered-cubic metals and have a significant impact on the properties and subsequent microstructural evolution of the materials. Their formation mechanism and stability relative to two-dimensional vacancy loops are still debated. Equilateral hexagonal Frank vacancy loops (faulted, sessile) observed in microscopy have been considered unable to directly transform to SFTs due to separation of Shockley partial dislocations as well as embryonic stacking faults. Here using sufficiently long (up to tens of nanoseconds) molecular dynamic simulations, we demonstrate that such a transformation can in fact take place spontaneously at elevated temperatures under thermal fluctuation, reducing potential energy of defected atoms by <0.05 eV/atom. The transformation becomes easier with increasing temperature or decreasing loop size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xu
- Materials Science Program, School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, 2000 SW Monroe Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Zhengming Wang
- Materials Science Program, School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, 2000 SW Monroe Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Tzu-Yi Chang
- Materials Science Program, School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, 2000 SW Monroe Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Jaskaran S Saini
- Materials Science Program, School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, 2000 SW Monroe Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Wei-Ying Chen
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, United States of America
| | - Meimei Li
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei L, Zhang C, Zheng Q, Zeng Z, Li Y. Individual cascade annealing in BCC tungsten: effects of size and spatial distributions of defects. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23176-23182. [PMID: 36090425 PMCID: PMC9380701 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate effects of size and spatial distributions of defects from primary damage to annealing of an individual cascade, molecular dynamics (MD) and object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) are applied for simulating cascade generation and annealing. MD cascade simulations of tungsten are carried out with two typical embedded atom method potentials for cascade energies in the range from 0.1 to 100 keV at 300 K. The simulation results show that even though the number of survival defects varies slightly, these two potentials produce very different interstitial cluster (IC) size distribution and defect spatial distribution with cascade energies larger than 30 keV. Furthermore, OKMC is used to model individual cascade annealing. It demonstrates that larger-sized ICs and closely distributed SIAs in the cascade region will induce a much higher recombination fraction for individual cascade annealing. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the size and spatial distributions of defects for primary damage in the multi-scale simulation framework. Closely distributed SIAs in the cascade region will induce a much higher recombination fraction for individual cascade annealing.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qirong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Osetsky YN, Weber WJ. Tunable Chemical Disorder in Concentrated Alloys: Defect Physics and Radiation Performance. Chem Rev 2021; 122:789-829. [PMID: 34694124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of advanced structural alloys with performance meeting the requirements of extreme environments in nuclear reactors has been long pursued. In the long history of alloy development, the search for metallic alloys with improved radiation tolerance or increased structural strength has relied on either incorporating alloying elements at low concentrations to synthesize so-called dilute alloys or incorporating nanoscale features to mitigate defects. In contrast to traditional approaches, recent success in synthesizing multicomponent concentrated solid-solution alloys (CSAs), including medium-entropy and high-entropy alloys, has vastly expanded the compositional space for new alloy discovery. Their wide variety of elemental diversity enables tunable chemical disorder and sets CSAs apart from traditional dilute alloys. The tunable electronic structure critically lowers the effectiveness of energy dissipation via the electronic subsystem. The tunable chemical complexity also modifies the scattering mechanisms in the atomic subsystem that control energy transport through phonons. The level of chemical disorder depends substantively on the specific alloying elements, rather than the number of alloying elements, as the disorder does not monotonically increase with a higher number of alloying elements. To go beyond our knowledge based on conventional alloys and take advantage of property enhancement by tuning chemical disorder, this review highlights synergistic effects involving valence electrons and atomic-level and nanoscale inhomogeneity in CSAs composed of multiple transition metals. Understanding of the energy dissipation pathways, deformation tolerance, and structural stability of CSAs can proceed by exploiting the equilibrium and non-equilibrium defect processes at the electronic and atomic levels, with or without microstructural inhomogeneities at multiple length scales. Knowledge of tunable chemical disorder in CSAs may advance the understanding of the substantial modifications in element-specific alloy properties that effectively mitigate radiation damage and control a material's response in extreme environments, as well as overcome strength-ductility trade-offs and provide overarching design strategies for structural alloys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Zhang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Yuri N Osetsky
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - William J Weber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gupta S, Periasamy P, Narayanan B. Defect dynamics in two-dimensional black phosphorus under argon ion irradiation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8575-8590. [PMID: 33912891 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00567g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of the atomic-scale mechanisms underlying production, accumulation, and temporal evolution of defects in phosphorene during noble-gas ion irradiation is crucial to design efficient defect engineering routes to fabricate next-generation materials for energy technologies. Here, we employed classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations using a reactive force field to unravel the effect of defect dynamics on the structural changes in a monolayer of phosphorene induced by argon-ion irradiation, and its subsequent relaxation during post-radiation annealing treatment. Analysis of our CMD trajectories using unsupervised machine learning methods showed that radiation fluence strongly influences the types of defect that form, their dynamics, and their relaxation mechanisms during subsequent annealing. Low ion fluences yielded a largely crystalline sheet featuring isolated small voids (up to 2 nm), Stone-Wales defects, and mono-/di-vacancies; while large nanopores (∼10 nm) can form beyond a critical fluence of ∼1014 ions per cm2. During post-radiation annealing, we found two distinct relaxation mechanisms, depending on the fluence level. The isolated small voids (1-2 nm) formed at low ion-fluences heal via local re-arrangement of rings, which is facilitated by a cooperative mechanism involving a series of atomic motions that include thermal rippling, bond formation, bond rotation, angle bending and dihedral twisting. On the other hand, damaged structures obtained at high fluences exhibit pronounced coalescence of nanopores mediated by 3D networks of P-centered tetrahedra. These findings provide new perspectives to use ion beams to precisely control the concentration and distribution of specific defect types in phosphorene for emerging applications in electronics, batteries, sensing, and neuromorphic computing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saransh Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, 332 Eastern Parkway, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang L, Hu YJ, Sun K, Xiu P, Song M, Zhang Y, Boldman WL, Crespillo ML, Rack PD, Qi L, Weber WJ, Wang L. Irradiation-Induced Extremes Create Hierarchical Face-/Body-Centered-Cubic Phases in Nanostructured High Entropy Alloys. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002652. [PMID: 32820560 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A nanoscale hierarchical dual-phase structure is reported to form in a nanocrystalline NiFeCoCrCu high-entropy-alloy (HEA) film via ion irradiation. Under the extreme energy deposition and consequent thermal energy dissipation induced by energetic particles, a fundamentally new phenomenon is revealed, in which the original single-phase face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure partially transforms into alternating nanometer layers of a body-centered-cubic (BCC) structure. The orientation relationship follows the Nishiyama-Wasser-man relationship, that is, (011)BCC || ( 1¯1¯1)FCC and [100]BCC || [ 11¯0]FCC . Simulation results indicate that Cr, as a BCC stabilizing element, exhibits a tendency to segregate to the stacking faults (SFs). Furthermore, the high densities of SFs and twin boundaries in each nanocrystalline grain serve to accelerate the nucleation and growth of the BCC phase during irradiation. By adjusting the irradiation parameters, desired thicknesses of the FCC and BCC phases in the laminates can be achieved. This work demonstrates the controlled formation of an attractive dual-phase nanolaminate structure under ion irradiation and provides a strategy for designing new derivate structures of HEAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yong-Jie Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pengyuan Xiu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Miao Song
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Walker L Boldman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Miguel L Crespillo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Philip D Rack
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - William J Weber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Lumin Wang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He H, He C, Zhang J, Liao W, Zang H, Li Y, Liu W. Primary damage of 10 keV Ga PKA in bulk GaN material under different temperatures. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Saidi P, Changizian P, Nicholson E, Zhang HK, Luo Y, Yao Z, Singh CV, Daymond MR, Béland LK. Effect of He on the Order-Disorder Transition in Ni_{3}Al under Irradiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:075901. [PMID: 32142353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.075901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The order-disorder transition in Ni-Al alloys under irradiation represents an interplay between various reordering processes and disordering due to thermal spikes generated by incident high energy particles. Typically, ordering is enabled by diffusion of thermally generated vacancies, and can only take place at temperatures where they are mobile and in sufficiently high concentration. Here, in situ transmission electron micrographs reveal that the presence of He-usually considered to be a deleterious immiscible atom in this material-promotes reordering in Ni_{3}Al at temperatures where vacancies are not effective ordering agents. A rate-theory model is presented, that quantitatively explains this behavior, based on parameters extracted from atomistic simulations. These calculations show that the V_{2}He complex is an effective agent through its high stability and mobility. It is surmised that immiscible atoms may stabilize reordering agents in other materials undergoing driven processes, and preserve ordered phases at temperature where the driven processes would otherwise lead to disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Saidi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V9, Canada
| | - Pooyan Changizian
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V9, Canada
| | - Eric Nicholson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - He Ken Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V9, Canada
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V9, Canada
| | - Zhongwen Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V9, Canada
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Mark R Daymond
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V9, Canada
| | - Laurent Karim Béland
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trung NTH, Phuong HSM, Starostenkov MD, Romanenko VV, Popov VA. Threshold displacement energy in Ni, Al and B2 NiAl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/447/1/012004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|