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Ma L, Tang J, Chen F, Liu Q, Huang J, Liu X, Zhou Z, Yi W. Structure-based screening, optimization and biological evaluation of novel chrysin-based derivatives as selective PPARγ modulators for the treatment of T2DM and hepatic steatosis. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116728. [PMID: 39089002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
In consideration of several serious side effects induced by the classical AF-2 involved "lock" mechanism, recently disclosed PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation mode of action has become an alternative and mainstream mechanism for currently PPARγ-based drug discovery and development with an improved therapeutic index. In this study, by virtue of structure-based virtual high throughput screening (SB-VHTS), structurally chemical optimization by targeting the inhibition of the PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation as well as in vitro biological evaluation, which led to the final identification of a chrysin-based potential hit (YGT-31) as a novel selective PPARγ modulator with potent binding affinity and partial agonism. Further in vivo evaluation demonstrated that YGT-31 possessed potent glucose-lowering and relieved hepatic steatosis effects without involving the TZD-associated side effects. Mechanistically, YGT-31 presented such desired therapeutic index, mainly because it effectively inhibited the CDK5-mediated PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation, selectively elevated the level of insulin sensitivity-related Glut4 and adiponectin but decreased the expression of insulin-resistance-associated genes PTP1B and SOCS3 as well as inflammation-linked genes IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα. Finally, the molecular docking study was also conducted to uncover an interesting hydrogen-bonding network of YGT-31 with PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation-related key residues Ser342 and Glu343, which not only gave a clear verification for our targeting modification but also provided a proof of concept for the abovementioned molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Junyuan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China; Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shao Shui Xi Road, Shaoyang, 422100, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Junjun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Xiawen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
| | - Wei Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
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De Soricellis G, Rinaldi F, Tengattini S, Temporini C, Negri S, Capelli D, Montanari R, Cena H, Salerno S, Massolini G, Guzzo F, Calleri E. Development of an analytical platform for the affinity screening of natural extracts by SEC-MS towards PPARα and PPARγ receptors. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1309:342666. [PMID: 38772654 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the superfamily of nuclear receptors and represent the targets for the therapeutical treatment of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia associated with metabolic syndrome. Some medicinal plants have been traditionally used to treat this kind of metabolic diseases. Today only few drugs targeting PPARs have been approved and for this reason, the rapid identification of novel ligands and/or chemical scaffolds starting from natural extracts would benefit of a selective affinity ligand fishing assay. RESULTS In this paper we describe the development of a new ligand fishing assay based on size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to LC-MS for the analysis of complex samples such as botanical extracts. The known PPARα and PPARγ ligands, WY-14643 and rosiglitazone respectively, were used for system development and evaluation. The system has found application on an Allium lusitanicum methanolic extract, containing saponins, a class of chemical compounds which have attracted interest as PPARs ligands because of their hypolipidemic and insulin-like properties. SIGNIFICANCE A new SEC-AS-MS method has been developed for the affinity screening of PPARα and PPARγ ligands. The system proved to be highly specific and will be used to improve the throughput for the identification of new selective metabolites from natural souces targeting PPARα and PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Soricellis
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - F Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - S Tengattini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - C Temporini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - S Negri
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy; Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - D Capelli
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, Rome, 00016, Italy
| | - R Montanari
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, Rome, 00016, Italy
| | - H Cena
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy; Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, 27100, Italy; Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - S Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - G Massolini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - F Guzzo
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy; Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - E Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy.
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Liu Q, Ma L, Chen F, Zhang S, Huang Z, Zheng X, Chen Z, Ye J, Hou N, Yi W, Zhou Z. Raloxifene-driven benzothiophene derivatives: Discovery, structural refinement, and biological evaluation as potent PPARγ modulators based on drug repurposing. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116325. [PMID: 38527378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
By virtue of the drug repurposing strategy, the anti-osteoporosis drug raloxifene was identified as a novel PPARγ ligand through structure-based virtual high throughput screening (SB-VHTS) of FDA-approved drugs and TR-FRET competitive binding assay. Subsequent structural refinement of raloxifene led to the synthesis of a benzothiophene derivative, YGL-12. This compound exhibited potent PPARγ modulation with partial agonism, uniquely promoting adiponectin expression and inhibiting PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation by CDK5 without inducing the expression of adipongenesis associated genes, including PPARγ, aP2, CD36, FASN and C/EBPα. This specific activity profile resulted in effective hypoglycemic properties, avoiding major TZD-related adverse effects like weight gain and hepatomegaly, which were demonstrated in db/db mice. Molecular docking studies showed that YGL-12 established additional hydrogen bonds with Ile281 and enhanced hydrogen-bond interaction with Ser289 as well as PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation-related residues Ser342 and Glu343. These findings suggested YGL-12 as a promising T2DM therapeutic candidate, thereby providing a molecular framework for the development of novel PPARγ modulators with an enhanced therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Shuyun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Zexin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Zikai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Junwei Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
| | - Wei Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
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Singh K, Singh N, Sohal HS, Singh B, Husain FM, Arshad M, Adil M. Electrochemical synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some N-phenyl α-amino acids. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32063-32069. [PMID: 37920756 PMCID: PMC10618937 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present report, the authors describe a synthetic route for the generation of N-phenyl amino acid derivatives using CO2via a C-C coupling reaction in an undivided cell containing a combination of Mg-Pt electrodes. The reactions were completed in a short time without the formation of any other side product. The final products were purified via a simple recrystallization procedure. The structures of the newly prepared compounds were established using advanced spectroscopic techniques including 1H, 13C NMR, IR, and ESI-MS. All the prepared derivatives show good-to-excellent activity when tested against bacterial and fungal strains. Interestingly, it was observed that the presence of polar groups (capable of forming H-bonds) such as -OH (4d) and -NO2 (4e) at the para position of the phenyl ring show activity equivalent to the standard drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishanpal Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University Patiala 147002 Punjab India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University Gharuan 140413 Mohali Punjab India
| | - Harvinder Singh Sohal
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University Gharuan 140413 Mohali Punjab India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University Patiala 147002 Punjab India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition. College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh 11433 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adil
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University Truro NS Canada
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Capelli D, Cazzaniga G, Mori M, Laghezza A, Loiodice F, Quaglia M, Negro E, Meneghetti F, Villa S, Montanari R. Biological Screening and Crystallographic Studies of Hydroxy γ-Lactone Derivatives to Investigate PPARγ Phosphorylation Inhibition. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040694. [PMID: 37189440 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARγ represents a key target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. To avoid serious adverse effects related to the PPARγ agonism profile of traditional antidiabetic drugs, a new opportunity is represented by the development of molecules acting as inhibitors of PPARγ phosphorylation by the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). Their mechanism of action is mediated by the stabilization of the PPARγ β-sheet containing Ser273 (Ser245 in PPARγ isoform 1 nomenclature). In this paper, we report the identification of new γ-hydroxy-lactone-based PPARγ binders from the screening of an in-house library. These compounds exhibit a non-agonist profile towards PPARγ, and one of them prevents Ser245 PPARγ phosphorylation by acting mainly on PPARγ stabilization and exerting a weak CDK5 inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Strada Provinciale 35d, n. 9-00010, Montelibretti, 34149 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cazzaniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Quaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Negro
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Strada Provinciale 35d, n. 9-00010, Montelibretti, 34149 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Villa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Strada Provinciale 35d, n. 9-00010, Montelibretti, 34149 Rome, Italy
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Ma L, Tang J, Cai G, Chen F, Liu Q, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Liu X, Hou N, Yi W. Structure-based screening and biological validation of the anti-thrombotic drug-dicoumarol as a novel and potent PPARγ-modulating ligand. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu W, Jiang J, Lin Y, You Q, Wang L. Insight into Thermodynamic and Kinetic Profiles in Small-Molecule Optimization. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10809-10847. [PMID: 35969687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships (SARs) and structure-property relationships (SPRs) have been considered the most important factors during the drug optimization process. For medicinal chemists, improvements in the potencies and druglike properties of small molecules are regarded as their major goals. Among them, the binding affinity and selectivity of small molecules on their targets are the most important indicators. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using thermodynamic and kinetic profiles to analyze ligand-receptor interactions, which could provide not only binding affinities but also detailed binding parameters for small-molecule optimization. In this perspective, we are trying to provide an insight into thermodynamic and kinetic profiles in small-molecule optimization. Through a highlight of strategies on the small-molecule optimization with specific cases, we aim to put forward the importance of structure-thermodynamic relationships (STRs) and structure-kinetic relationships (SKRs), which could provide more guidance to find safe and effective small-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingsheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yating Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Koroniak-Szejn K, Salamon-Krokosz K, Gołdyn M, Siodła T, Bartoszak-Adamska E, Koroniak H. Fluorinated Olefinic Lactams: The Case of Amino Acids – Preparation and Mechanistic Studies. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1737346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of analogues of amino acids with a monofluorovinyl moiety. Interestingly, we have found that cyclization of the obtained products proceeds easily in all cases. The cyclization process has not previously been observed at this reaction stage, and such fluorinated lactams derived from phenylalanine, valine, alanine have not been described before.
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Meng X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Hu J, Zhang D, Cao W, Li M, Ma G, Wang S, Cui P, Cai Q, Huang G. A novel natural PPARγ agonist, Gypenoside LXXV, ameliorates cognitive deficits by enhancing brain glucose uptake via the activation of Akt/GLUT4 signaling in db/db mice. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1770-1784. [PMID: 35192202 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbao Meng
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Department of Neurosurgery Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Zongyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Jinxian Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Pharmacy Shenzhen Children's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Qian Cai
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Shenzhen China
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