1
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Zhao J, Wu M, Luo J, Shi L, Li H. N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective annulation of 2-amino-1 H-indoles and bromoenals for the synthesis of chiral 2-aryl-2,3-dihydropyrimido[1,2- a]indol-4 (1 H)-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6675-6680. [PMID: 37540068 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01006f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 3] annulation of 2-bromoenals with 2-amino-1H-indoles has been developed. A series of functionalized 2-aryl-2,3-dihydropyrimido[1,2-a]indol-4(1H)-ones were synthesized using NHCs as the catalyst in good yields with high to excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jiamin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Döhler Food & Beverage Ingredients (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, 739 Shennan Road, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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2
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Harrington AW, Liu C, Phillips N, Nepomuceno D, Kuei C, Chang J, Chen W, Sutton SW, O'Malley D, Pham L, Yao X, Sun S, Bonaventure P. Identification and characterization of select oxysterols as ligands for GPR17. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:401-421. [PMID: 36214386 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE G-protein coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) is an orphan receptor involved in the process of myelination, due to its ability to inhibit the maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Despite multiple claims that the biological ligand has been identified, it remains an orphan receptor. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Seventy-seven oxysterols were screened in a cell-free [35 S]GTPγS binding assay using membranes from cells expressing GPR17. The positive hits were characterized using adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), inositol monophosphate (IP1) and calcium mobilization assays, with results confirmed in rat primary oligodendrocytes. Rat and pig brain extracts were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and endogenous activator(s) were identified in receptor activation assays. Gene expression studies of GPR17, and CYP46A1 (cytochrome P450 family 46 subfamily A member 1) enzymes responsible for the conversion of cholesterol into specific oxysterols, were performed using quantitative real-time PCR. KEY RESULTS Five oxysterols were able to stimulate GPR17 activity, including the brain cholesterol, 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24S-HC). A specific brain fraction from rat and pig extracts containing 24S-HC activates GPR17 in vitro. Expression of Gpr17 during mouse brain development correlates with the expression of Cyp46a1 and the levels of 24S-HC itself. Other active oxysterols have low brain concentrations below effective ranges. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Oxysterols, including but not limited to 24S-HC, could be physiological activators for GPR17 and thus potentially regulate OPC differentiation and myelination through activation of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changlu Liu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Naomi Phillips
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Chester Kuei
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joseph Chang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Steven W Sutton
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Daniel O'Malley
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ly Pham
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xiang Yao
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Siquan Sun
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
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3
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Humanized zebrafish as a tractable tool for in vivo evaluation of pro-myelinating drugs. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1541-1555.e7. [PMID: 36126653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapies that promote neuroprotection and axonal survival by enhancing myelin regeneration are an unmet need to prevent disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Numerous potentially beneficial compounds have originated from phenotypic screenings but failed in clinical trials. It is apparent that current cell- and animal-based disease models are poor predictors of positive treatment options, arguing for novel experimental approaches. Here we explore the experimental power of humanized zebrafish to foster the identification of pro-remyelination compounds via specific inhibition of GPR17. Using biochemical and imaging techniques, we visualize the expression of zebrafish (zf)-gpr17 during the distinct stages of oligodendrocyte development, thereby demonstrating species-conserved expression between zebrafish and mammals. We also demonstrate species-conserved function of zf-Gpr17 using genetic loss-of-function and rescue techniques. Finally, using GPR17-humanized zebrafish, we provide proof of principle for in vivo analysis of compounds acting via targeted inhibition of human GPR17. We anticipate that GPR17-humanized zebrafish will markedly improve the search for effective pro-myelinating pharmacotherapies.
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4
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Singh I, Srivastava R, Shukla VK, Pathak SK, Burman T, Al-Mutairi AA, El-Emam AA, Prasad O, Sinha L. Spectroscopic, electronic structure, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation study of 7-Trifluoromethyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid as an aromatase inhibitor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121530. [PMID: 35752037 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The present work encompasses a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the molecular structure, vibrational wavenumbers, electronic structure at the ground and electronic excited states, molecular electrostatic potential surface of 7-(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (TICA) and possibility of the title molecule as an aromatase inhibitor using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. A stable conformer has been obtained using potential energy scans by varying appropriate dihedral angles. The obtained minimum energy conformer was further optimized at the 6-311++G (d, p) basis set by applying the most accepted B3LYP functional. A good agreement between experimental and calculated normal modes of vibration has been observed. The hydrogen-bonded interaction between two monomeric units of TICA has been investigated using NBO,QTAIM, and NCI (noncovalent interactions) analysis. Molecular docking of TICA with human placental aromatase (PDB ID: 3S79) reveals the formation of polar hydrogen bonds as well as hydrophobic interactions between the ligand and the protein, right in the binding cavity. TICA satisfies all pharmacokinetic filters (Lipinski rule of five, the Veber rule, Ghose rule, Egan rule, as well as the Muegge rule) and has a high bioavailability score of 0.85. Dynamic stability of the ligand within the binding pocket of the target protein has been confirmed by 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation results. The present study provides an excellent starting point for additional in vivo research, and TICA may eventually serve as a significant therapeutic candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Singh
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, 226007 Lucknow, India
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, 226007 Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas K Shukla
- Department of Physics, Maharishi University of Information Technology Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilendra K Pathak
- Department of Physics, M. M. M. P. G. College, Bhatpar Rani, Deoria, India
| | | | - Aamal A Al-Mutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Imam Mohammad lbn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A El-Emam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Onkar Prasad
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, 226007 Lucknow, India
| | - Leena Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, 226007 Lucknow, India.
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5
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Xiong B, Si L, Liu Y, Xu W, Jiang T, Cao F, Tang KW, Wong WY. Metal-free, Phosphoric Acid-catalyzed Regioselective 1,6-Hydroarylation of para-Quinone Methides with Indoles in Water. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200042. [PMID: 35246930 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, cheap and green protocol for the highly regioselective 1,6-hydroarylation of para -quinone methides ( p -QMs) with indoles at the C-3 position has been established by phosphoric acid catalysis in water under the transition-metal-free reaction conditions. A wide range of indole derivatives and para -quinone methides ( p -QMs) are compatible for the reaction, affording the corresponding 1,6-hydroarylation products with good to excellent yields. The possible mechanism of the reaction has been explored by step-by-step control experiments. The protocol is convenient for practical application, leading a safe, green and feasible way for the formation of C-3 diarylmethyl functionalized indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biquan Xiong
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Lulu Si
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Fan Cao
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xueyuan Road, 414006, Yueyang, CHINA
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, HONG KONG
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6
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Salimova EV, Parfenova LV. Fischer Reaction in the Synthesis of New Triterpene Indoles of the Fusidane Series. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Braune M, Scherf N, Heine C, Sygnecka K, Pillaiyar T, Parravicini C, Heimrich B, Abbracchio MP, Müller CE, Franke H. Involvement of GPR17 in Neuronal Fibre Outgrowth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111683. [PMID: 34769111 PMCID: PMC8584086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of new pharmacological targets is a promising approach in research of neurorepair mechanisms. The G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) has recently been proposed as an interesting pharmacological target, e.g., in neuroregenerative processes. Using the well-established ex vivo model of organotypic slice co-cultures of the mesocortical dopaminergic system (prefrontal cortex (PFC) and substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) complex), the influence of GPR17 ligands on neurite outgrowth from SN/VTA to the PFC was investigated. The growth-promoting effects of Montelukast (MTK; GPR17- and cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist), the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and of two potent, selective GPR17 agonists (PSB-16484 and PSB-16282) were characterized. Treatment with MTK resulted in a significant increase in mean neurite density, comparable with the effects of GDNF. The combination of MTK and GPR17 agonist PSB-16484 significantly inhibited neuronal growth. qPCR studies revealed an MTK-induced elevated mRNA-expression of genes relevant for neuronal growth. Immunofluorescence labelling showed a marked expression of GPR17 on NG2-positive glia. Western blot and RT-qPCR analysis of untreated cultures suggest a time-dependent, injury-induced stimulation of GPR17. In conclusion, MTK was identified as a stimulator of neurite fibre outgrowth, mediating its effects through GPR17, highlighting GPR17 as an interesting therapeutic target in neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Braune
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Nico Scherf
- Methods and Development Group Neural Data Analysis and Statistical Computing, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Claudia Heine
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Katja Sygnecka
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (T.P.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Chiara Parravicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (M.P.A.)
| | - Bernd Heimrich
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 23, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Maria P. Abbracchio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (M.P.A.)
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (T.P.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Heike Franke
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)341-9724602; Fax: +49-(0)341-9724609
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8
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Nguyen P, Doan P, Rimpilainen T, Konda Mani S, Murugesan A, Yli-Harja O, Candeias NR, Kandhavelu M. Synthesis and Preclinical Validation of Novel Indole Derivatives as a GPR17 Agonist for Glioblastoma Treatment. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10908-10918. [PMID: 34304559 PMCID: PMC8389915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a potential ligand-targeting G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) is important for developing chemotherapeutic agents against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We used the integration of ligand- and structure-based cheminformatics and experimental approaches for identifying the potential GPR17 ligand for GBM treatment. Here, we identified a novel indoline-derived phenolic Mannich base as an activator of GPR17 using molecular docking of over 6000 indoline derivatives. One of the top 10 hit molecules, CHBC, with a glide score of -8.390 was synthesized through a multicomponent Petasis borono-Mannich reaction. The CHBC-GPR17 interaction leads to a rapid decrease of cAMP and Ca2+. CHBC exhibits the cytotoxicity effect on GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 85 μM, whereas the known agonist MDL29,951 showed a negligible effect. Our findings suggest that the phenolic Mannich base could be a better GPR17 agonist than MDL29,951, and further uncovering their pharmacological properties could potentiate an inventive GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung Nguyen
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland.,BioMeditech and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University, Hospital, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Phuong Doan
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland.,BioMeditech and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University, Hospital, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tatu Rimpilainen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Saravanan Konda Mani
- Scigen Research and Innovation Pvt Ltd, Periyar Technology Business Incubator, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613403, India
| | - Akshaya Murugesan
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland.,Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, 625002 Madurai, India
| | - Olli Yli-Harja
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland.,Institute for Systems Biology, 1441N 34th Street, Seattle, Washington 98103-8904, United States
| | - Nuno R Candeias
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33101 Tampere, Finland.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland.,BioMeditech and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University, Hospital, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland
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9
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Base-promoted relay reaction of heterocyclic ketene aminals with o-difluorobenzene derivatives for the highly site-selective synthesis of functionalized indoles. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Conley JM, Sun H, Ayers KL, Zhu H, Chen R, Shen M, Hall MD, Ren H. Human GPR17 missense variants identified in metabolic disease patients have distinct downstream signaling profiles. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100881. [PMID: 34144038 PMCID: PMC8267566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR17 is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. Such evidence is primarily drawn from mouse knockout studies and suggests GPR17 as a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic diseases. However, links between human GPR17 genetic variants, downstream cellular signaling, and metabolic diseases have yet to be reported. Here, we analyzed GPR17 coding sequences from control and disease cohorts consisting of individuals with adverse clinical metabolic deficits including severe insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. We identified 18 nonsynonymous GPR17 variants, including eight variants that were exclusive to the disease cohort. We characterized the protein expression levels, membrane localization, and downstream signaling profiles of nine GPR17 variants (F43L, V96M, V103M, D105N, A131T, G136S, R248Q, R301H, and G354V). These nine GPR17 variants had similar protein expression and subcellular localization as wild-type GPR17; however, they showed diverse downstream signaling profiles. GPR17-G136S lost the capacity for agonist-mediated cAMP, Ca2+, and β-arrestin signaling. GPR17-V96M retained cAMP inhibition similar to GPR17-WT, but showed impaired Ca2+ and β-arrestin signaling. GPR17-D105N displayed impaired cAMP and Ca2+ signaling, but unaffected agonist-stimulated β-arrestin recruitment. The identification and functional profiling of naturally occurring human GPR17 variants from individuals with metabolic diseases revealed receptor variants with diverse signaling profiles, including differential signaling perturbations that resulted in GPCR signaling bias. Our findings provide a framework for structure–function relationship studies of GPR17 signaling and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Conley
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hongmao Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin L Ayers
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hu Zhu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongxia Ren
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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11
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Breidenbach J, Lemke C, Pillaiyar T, Schäkel L, Al Hamwi G, Diett M, Gedschold R, Geiger N, Lopez V, Mirza S, Namasivayam V, Schiedel AC, Sylvester K, Thimm D, Vielmuth C, Phuong Vu L, Zyulina M, Bodem J, Gütschow M, Müller CE. Targeting the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2: From the Establishment of High Throughput Screening to the Design of Tailored Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10423-10429. [PMID: 33655614 PMCID: PMC8014119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main protease of SARS‐CoV‐2 (Mpro), the causative agent of COVID‐19, constitutes a significant drug target. A new fluorogenic substrate was kinetically compared to an internally quenched fluorescent peptide and shown to be ideally suitable for high throughput screening with recombinantly expressed Mpro. Two classes of protease inhibitors, azanitriles and pyridyl esters, were identified, optimized and subjected to in‐depth biochemical characterization. Tailored peptides equipped with the unique azanitrile warhead exhibited concomitant inhibition of Mpro and cathepsin L, a protease relevant for viral cell entry. Pyridyl indole esters were analyzed by a positional scanning. Our focused approach towards Mpro inhibitors proved to be superior to virtual screening. With two irreversible inhibitors, azanitrile 8 (kinac/Ki=37 500 m−1 s−1, Ki=24.0 nm) and pyridyl ester 17 (kinac/Ki=29 100 m−1 s−1, Ki=10.0 nm), promising drug candidates for further development have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails.,Present address: Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Ghazl Al Hamwi
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Miriam Diett
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Robin Gedschold
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 7, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Anke C Schiedel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Dominik Thimm
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Lan Phuong Vu
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Maria Zyulina
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 7, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany), E-mails
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12
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Breidenbach J, Lemke C, Pillaiyar T, Schäkel L, Al Hamwi G, Diett M, Gedschold R, Geiger N, Lopez V, Mirza S, Namasivayam V, Schiedel AC, Sylvester K, Thimm D, Vielmuth C, Phuong Vu L, Zyulina M, Bodem J, Gütschow M, Müller CE. Die Hauptprotease von SARS‐CoV‐2 als Zielstruktur: Von der Etablierung eines Hochdurchsatz‐Screenings zum Design maßgeschneiderter Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Breidenbach
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Carina Lemke
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische Chemie Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Ghazl Al Hamwi
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Miriam Diett
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Robin Gedschold
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Nina Geiger
- Institut für Virologie und Immunobiologie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Versbacher Straße 7 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Dominik Thimm
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Lan Phuong Vu
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Maria Zyulina
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institut für Virologie und Immunobiologie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Versbacher Straße 7 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmazeutisches Institut Pharmazeutische & Medizinische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn An der Immenburg 4 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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13
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Wang Y, He Q, Fan R. Facile synthesis of 4-acetoxyindoles via PhI(OAc) 2-mediated dearomatization of 2-alkynylanilines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00358e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple process for rapid synthesis of 4-aetoxyindoles from readily available 2-alkynylanilines via dearomatization was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
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14
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Development of the first in vivo GPR17 ligand through an iterative drug discovery pipeline: A novel disease-modifying strategy for multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231483. [PMID: 32320409 PMCID: PMC7176092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The GPR17 receptor, expressed on oligodendroglial precursors (OPCs, the myelin producing cells), has emerged as an attractive target for a pro-myelinating strategy in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the proof-of-concept that selective GPR17 ligands actually exert protective activity in vivo is still missing. Here, we exploited an iterative drug discovery pipeline to prioritize novel and selective GPR17 pro-myelinating agents out of more than 1,000,000 compounds. We first performed an in silico high-throughput screening on GPR17 structural model to identify three chemically-diverse ligand families that were then combinatorially exploded and refined. Top-scoring compounds were sequentially tested on reference pharmacological in vitro assays with increasing complexity, ending with myelinating OPC-neuron co-cultures. Successful ligands were filtered through in silico simulations of metabolism and pharmacokinetics, to select the most promising hits, whose dose and ability to target the central nervous system were then determined in vivo. Finally, we show that, when administered according to a preventive protocol, one of them (named by us as galinex) is able to significantly delay the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. This outcome validates the predictivity of our pipeline to identify novel MS-modifying agents.
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15
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of suramin-derived dual antagonists of the proinflammatory G protein-coupled receptors P2Y2 and GPR17. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 186:111789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Otte F, Schmidt B. Matsuda–Heck Arylation of Glycals for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Aryl C-Glycosides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14816-14829. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Otte
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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17
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Norwood VM, Huigens RW. Harnessing the Chemistry of the Indole Heterocycle to Drive Discoveries in Biology and Medicine. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2273-2297. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Verrill M. Norwood
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3)University of Florida 1345 Center Drive Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Robert W. Huigens
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Natural Products Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3)University of Florida 1345 Center Drive Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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