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Liu SJ, Zhao Q, Liu XC, Gamble AB, Huang W, Yang QQ, Han B. Bioactive atropisomers: Unraveling design strategies and synthetic routes for drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38515232 DOI: 10.1002/med.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Atropisomerism, an expression of axial chirality caused by limited bond rotation, is a prominent aspect within the field of medicinal chemistry. It has been shown that atropisomers of a wide range of compounds, including established FDA-approved drugs and experimental molecules, display markedly different biological activities. The time-dependent reversal of chirality in atropisomers poses complexity and obstacles in the process of drug discovery and development. Nonetheless, recent progress in understanding atropisomerism and enhanced characterization methods have greatly assisted medicinal chemists in the effective development of atropisomeric drug molecules. This article provides a comprehensive review of their special design thoughts, synthetic routes, and biological activities, serving as a reference for the synthesis and biological evaluation of bioactive atropisomers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian-Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Cai H, Wen H, Li J, Lu L, Zhao W, Jiang X, Bai R. Small-molecule agents for treating skin diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116269. [PMID: 38422702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Skin diseases are a class of common and frequently occurring diseases that significantly impact daily lives. Currently, the limited effective therapeutic drugs are far from meeting the clinical needs; most drugs typically only provide symptomatic relief rather than a cure. Developing small-molecule drugs with improved efficacy holds paramount importance for treating skin diseases. This review aimed to systematically introduce the pathogenesis of common skin diseases in daily life, list related drugs applied in the clinic, and summarize the clinical research status of candidate drugs and the latest research progress of candidate compounds in the drug discovery stage. Also, it statistically analyzed the number of publications and global attention trends for the involved skin diseases. This review might provide practical information for researchers engaged in dermatological drugs and further increase research attention to this disease area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Liuxin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
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3
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Maeba T, Hirata K, Kotoku M, Seki N, Maeda K, Hirashima S, Yamanaka H, Sakai T, Obika S, Hori A, Hara Y, Noji S, Suwa Y, Yokota M, Fujioka S, Yamaguchi T, Katsuda Y, Hata T, Miyagawa N, Arita K, Nomura Y, Taniguchi T, Asahina K, Aratsu Y, Naka Y, Adachi T, Nomura A, Akai S, Oshida SI, Pai S, Crowe P, Bradley E, Steensma R, Tao H, Fenn M, Babine R, Li X, Thacher S, Soeta T, Ukaji Y, Shiozaki M. Discovery and SAR of JTE-151: A Novel RORγ Inhibitor for Clinical Development. J Med Chem 2024; 67:952-970. [PMID: 38170624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A number of RORγ inhibitors have been reported over the past decade. There were also several examples advancing to human clinical trials, however, none of them has reached the market yet, suggesting that there could be common obstacles for their future development. As was expected from the general homology of nuclear receptor ligands, insufficient selectivity as well as poor physicochemical properties were identified as potential risks for a RORγ program. Based on such considerations, we conducted a SAR investigation by prioritizing drug-like properties to mitigate such potential drawbacks. After an intensive SAR exploration with strong emphasis on "drug-likeness" indices, an orally available RORγ inhibitor, JTE-151, was finally generated and was advanced to a human clinical trial. The compound was confirmed to possess highly selective profiles along with good metabolic stability, and most beneficially, no serious adverse events (SAE) and good PK profiles were observed in the human clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Maeba
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kotoku
- Akros Pharma Inc., Boston Office, One Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Noriyoshi Seki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsuya Maeda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hirashima
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamanaka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shingo Obika
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akimi Hori
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hara
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Satoru Noji
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suwa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yokota
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shingo Fujioka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamaguchi
- Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Katsuda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyagawa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kojo Arita
- Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nomura
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Toshio Taniguchi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kota Asahina
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aratsu
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yuichi Naka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Adachi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shota Akai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Oshida
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Yokohama Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sudhakar Pai
- Akros Pharma Inc., 302 Carnegie Center, Suite 300, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Paul Crowe
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erin Bradley
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ruo Steensma
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Morgan Fenn
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Babine
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott Thacher
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Takahiro Soeta
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiozaki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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Fang W, Zheng J, Deng L, An Y, Rong D, Wei J, Xiong XF, Wang J, Wang Y. Discovery of the First-in-Class RORγ Covalent Inhibitors for Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1481-1499. [PMID: 38227771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and has been established as a key player in castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) by driving androgen receptor (AR) overexpression, representing a potential therapeutical target for advanced prostate cancers. Here, we report the identification of the first-in-class RORγ covalent inhibitor 29 via the structure-based drug design approach following structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration. Mass spectrometry assay validated its covalent inhibition mechanism. Compound 29 significantly inhibited RORγ transcriptional activity and remarkably suppressed the expression levels of AR and AR-targeted genes. Compound 29 also exhibited much superior activity in inhibiting the proliferation and colony formation and inducing apoptosis of the CRPC cell lines relative to the positive control 2 and noncovalent control 33. Importantly, it markedly suppressed the tumor growth in a 22Rv1 mouse tumor xenograft model with good safety. These results clearly demonstrate that 29 is a highly potent and selective RORγ covalent inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yana An
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deqin Rong
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xiong
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Abstract
An analysis of 156 published clinical candidates from the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry between 2018 and 2021 was conducted to identify lead generation strategies most frequently employed leading to drug candidates. As in a previous publication, the most frequent lead generation strategies resulting in clinical candidates were from known compounds (59%) followed by random screening approaches (21%). The remainder of the approaches included directed screening, fragment screening, DNA-encoded library screening (DEL), and virtual screening. An analysis of similarity was also conducted based on Tanimoto-MCS and revealed most clinical candidates were distant from their original hits; however, most shared a key pharmacophore that translated from hit-to-clinical candidate. An examination of frequency of oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur incorporation in clinical candidates was also conducted. The three most similar and least similar hit-to-clinical pairs from random screening were examined to provide perspective on changes that occur that lead to successful clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Brown
- Jnana Therapeutics, One Design Center Pl Suite 19-400, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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6
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Zeng J, Li M, Zhao Q, Chen M, Zhao L, Wei S, Yang H, Zhao Y, Wang A, Shen J, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Wang F, Zhang Z, Li Z, Wang T, Wang S, Xiao Z, Wu X. Small molecule inhibitors of RORγt for Th17 regulation in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:545-562. [PMID: 37440911 PMCID: PMC10334362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a ligand-dependent transcription factor, retinoid-associated orphan receptor γt (RORγt) that controls T helper (Th) 17 cell differentiation and interleukin (IL)-17 expression plays a critical role in the progression of several inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. An emerging novel approach to the therapy of these diseases thus involves controlling the transcriptional capacity of RORγt to decrease Th17 cell development and IL-17 production. Several RORγt inhibitors including both antagonists and inverse agonists have been discovered to regulate the transcriptional activity of RORγt by binding to orthosteric- or allosteric-binding sites in the ligand-binding domain. Some of small-molecule inhibitors have entered clinical evaluations. Therefore, in current review, the role of RORγt in Th17 regulation and Th17-related inflammatory and autoimmune diseases was highlighted. Notably, the recently developed RORγt inhibitors were summarized, with an emphasis on their optimization from lead compounds, efficacy, toxicity, mechanisms of action, and clinical trials. The limitations of current development in this area were also discussed to facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qianyun Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shulin Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tiangang Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
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7
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Zhang J, Chen B, Zhang C, Sun N, Huang X, Wang W, Fu W. Modes of action insights from the crystallographic structures of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt). Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115039. [PMID: 36566711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RORγt plays an important role in mediating IL-17 production and some tumor cells. It has four functional domains, of which the ligand-binding domain (LBD) is responsible for binding agonists to recruit co-activators or inverse agonists to prevent co-activator recruiting the agonists. Thus, potent ligands targeting the LBD of this protein could provide novel treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this perspective, we summarized and discussed various modes of action (MOA) of RORγt-ligand binding structures. The ligands can bind with RORγt at either orthosteric site or the allosteric site, and the binding modes at these two sites are different for agonists and inverse agonist. At the orthosteric site, the binding of agonist is to stabilize the H479-Y502-F506 triplet interaction network of RORγt. The binding of inverse agonist features as these four apparent ways: (1) blocking the entrance of the agonist pocket in RORγt; (2) directly breaking the H479-Y502 pair interactions; (3) destabilizing the triplet H479-Y502-F506 interaction network through perturbing the conformation of the side chain in M358 at the bottom of the binding pocket; (4) and destabilizing the triplet H479-Y502-F506 through changing the conformation of the side chain of residue W317 side chain. At the allosteric site of RORγt, the binding of inverse agonist was found recently to inhibit the activation of protein by interacting directly with H12, which results in unfolding of helix 11' and orientation of H12 to directly block cofactor peptide binding. This overview of recent advances in the RORγt structures is expected to provide a guidance of designing more potent drugs to treat RORγt-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Baiyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Nannan Sun
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Center for Research Computing, Office of Information Technology, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China
| | - Wei Fu
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201301, PR China.
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8
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Campanella B, Braccini S, Bresciani G, De Franco M, Gandin V, Chiellini F, Pratesi A, Pampaloni G, Biancalana L, Marchetti F. The choice of μ-vinyliminium ligand substituents is key to optimize the antiproliferative activity of related diiron complexes. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2023; 15:6901513. [PMID: 36515681 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diiron vinyliminium complexes constitute a large family of organometallics displaying a promising anticancer potential. The complexes [Fe2Cp2(CO)(μ-CO){μ-η1:η3-C(R3)C(R4)CN(R1)(R2)}]CF3SO3 (2a-c, 4a-d) were synthesized, assessed for their behavior in aqueous solutions (D2O solubility, Log Pow, stability in D2O/Me2SO-d6 mixture at 37°C over 48 h) and investigated for their antiproliferative activity against A2780 and A2780cisR ovarian cancer cell lines and the nontumoral one Balb/3T3 clone A31. Cytotoxicity data collected for 50 vinyliminium complexes were correlated with the structural properties (i.e. the different R1-R4 substituents) using the partial least squares methodology. A clear positive correlation emerged between the octanol-water partition coefficient and the relative antiproliferative activity on ovarian cancer cell lines, both of which appear as uncorrelated to the cancer cell selectivity. However, the different effects played by the R1-R4 substituents allow tracing guidelines for the development of novel, more effective compounds. Based on these results, three additional complexes (4p-r) were designed, synthesized and biologically investigated, revealing their ability to hamper thioredoxin reductase enzyme and to induce cancer cell production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Campanella
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Braccini
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Bresciani
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele De Franco
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Alcock E, Mackey P, Turlik A, Bhatt K, Light ME, Houk KN, McGlacken GP. The Aldol-Tishchenko Reaction of Butanone, Cyclobutanone and a 3-Pentanone Derived Sulfinylimine and DFT Calculations of the Stereo-determining Step. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203029. [PMID: 36617506 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a highly diastereoselective method to furnish acyclic 3-amino-1,5-diol derivatives using a tandem double-aldol-Tishchenko protocol (dr up to >99 : 1) using a butanone derived sulfinylimine. In most cases only 1 diastereomer predominates, from a possible 16. The reaction is also regioselective. In addition, the highly challenging cyclobutanone and 3-pentanone derivatives are also amenable to a double-aldol-Tishchenko reaction, although the dr values are modest. Despite that, clean single diastereomers can be isolated, which should prove very useful in medicinal chemistry and other areas. Detailed DFT calculations support the observed stereoselectivities in all cases, providing a rationale for the excellent dr values in the butanone series and the moderate values for the 3-pentanone class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Alcock
- School of Chemistry and Analytical and Biological Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Cork, Ireland
| | - Pamela Mackey
- School of Chemistry and Analytical and Biological Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aneta Turlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1596, USA
| | - Khushi Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1596, USA
| | - Mark E Light
- University of Southampton, Chemistry Department University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1596, USA
| | - Gerard P McGlacken
- School of Chemistry and Analytical and Biological Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Cork, Ireland
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10
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Nuclear receptor RORγ inverse agonists/antagonists display tissue- and gene-context selectivity through distinct activities in altering chromatin accessibility and master regulator SREBP2 occupancy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106324. [PMID: 35750301 PMCID: PMC10158160 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor RORγ is a major driver of autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancer due to its aberrant function in T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation and tumor cholesterol metabolism, respectively. Compound screening using the classic receptor-coactivator interaction perturbation scheme led to identification of many small-molecule modulators of RORγ(t). We report here that inverse agonists/antagonists of RORγ such as VTP-43742 derivative VTP-23 and TAK828F, which can potently inhibit the inflammatory gene program in Th17 cells, unexpectedly lack high potency in inhibiting the growth of TNBC tumor cells. In contrast, antagonists such as XY018 and GSK805 that strongly suppress tumor cell growth and survival display only modest activities in reducing Th17-related cytokine expression. Unexpectedly, we found that VTP-23 significantly induces the cholesterol biosynthesis program in TNBC cells. Our further mechanistic analyses revealed that VTP-23 enhances the local chromatin accessibility, H3K27ac mark and the cholesterol master regulator SREBP2 recruitment at the RORγ binding sites, whereas XY018 exerts the opposite activities. Yet, they display similar inhibitory effects on circadian rhythm program. Similar distinctions and contrasting activities between TAK828F and SR2211 in their effects on local chromatin structure at Il17 genes were also observed. Together, our study shows for the first-time that structurally distinct RORγ antagonists possess different or even contrasting activities in tissue/cell-specific manner. Our findings also highlight that the activities at natural chromatin are key determinants of RORγ modulators' tissue selectivity.
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11
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Pham B, Cheng Z, Lopez D, Lindsay RJ, Foutch D, Majors RT, Shen T. Statistical Analysis of Protein-Ligand Interaction Patterns in Nuclear Receptor RORγ. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:904445. [PMID: 35782874 PMCID: PMC9240913 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.904445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor RORγ belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily that senses small signaling molecules and regulates at the gene transcription level. Since RORγ has a high basal activity and plays an important role in immune responses, inhibitors targeting this receptor have been a focus for many studies. The receptor-ligand interaction is complex, and often subtle differences in ligand structure can determine its role as an inverse agonist or an agonist. We examined more than 130 existing RORγ crystal structures that have the same receptor complexed with different ligands. We reported the features of receptor-ligand interaction patterns and the differences between agonist and inverse agonist binding. Specific changes in the contact interaction map are identified to distinguish active and inactive conformations. Further statistical analysis of the contact interaction patterns using principal component analysis reveals a dominant mode which separates allosteric binding vs. canonical binding and a second mode which may indicate active vs. inactive structures. We also studied the nature of constitutive activity by performing a 100-ns computer simulation of apo RORγ. Using constitutively active nuclear receptor CAR as a comparison, we identified a group of conserved contacts that have similar contact strength between the two receptors. These conserved contact interactions, especially a couple key contacts in H11–H12 interaction, can be considered essential to the constitutive activity of RORγ. These protein-ligand and internal protein contact interactions can be useful in the development of new drugs that direct receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Ziju Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Richard J. Lindsay
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - David Foutch
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Rily T. Majors
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Tongye Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Tongye Shen,
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12
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Qi WH, Zhang YY, Xing K, Hao DX, Zhang F, Wang RN, Bao MY, Tian MY, Yang YN, Li X, Zhang Y. 2', 4'-Dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxychalcone: A pharmacological inverse agonist of RORγt ameliorating Th17-driven inflammatory diseases by regulating Th17/Treg. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108769. [PMID: 35453073 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and organ transplant rejection are related to Th17 cell development and inflammatory respond. RORγt, a specific transcription factor regulating Th17 cell differentiation, is a pivotal target for the treatment of diseases. However, the clinical application of RORγt inverse agonists reported so far has been hindered due to limited efficacy and toxic side effects. Plant-derived natural products with drug-like properties and safety are wide and valuable resources for candidate drug discovery. Herein, structure-based virtual screening was used to find out 2',4'-Dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxychalcone (DDC), a chalcone derivative rich in plants and food, located in the binding pocket of RORγt and targeted to inhibit RORγt activity. DDC repressed murine Th17 differentiation and promoted Treg differentiation remarkably in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, DDC treatment improved experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis recovery, ameliorated experimental colitis severity, and prevented graft rejection significantly. Mechanically, DDC indirectly stabilized Foxp3 expression by inhibiting RORγt activity and the expression of its target gene profile in vitro and in vivo, which realized its regulation of Th17/Treg balance. In conclusion, our study provides a scientific basis that DDC, as an inverse agonist of RORγt with simple structure, rich sources, low cost, high efficiency, and low toxicity, has great potential for the development of a novel effective immunomodulator for the treatment of Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China; Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China
| | - Kun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Dong-Xia Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Rui-Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Ming-Yue Bao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Ya-Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
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13
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Hamilton DJ, Beemsterboer M, Carter CM, Elsayed J, Huiberts REM, Klein HF, O’Brien P, de Esch IJP, Wijtmans M. Puckering the planar landscape of fragments: design and synthesis of a 3D cyclobutane fragment library. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200113. [PMID: 35277937 PMCID: PMC9315009 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fragment‐based drug discovery (FBDD) has a growing need for unique screening libraries. The cyclobutane moiety was identified as an underrepresented yet attractive three‐dimensional (3D) scaffold. Synthetic strategies were developed via a key 3‐azido‐cyclobutanone intermediate, giving potential access to a range of functional groups with accessible growth vectors. A focused set of 33 novel 3D cyclobutane fragments was synthesised, comprising three functionalities: secondary amines, amides, and sulfonamides. This library was designed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and an expanded version of the rule of three (RO3), followed by Principal Moment of Inertia (PMI) analysis to achieve both chemical diversity and high 3D character. Cis and trans ring isomers of library members were generated to maximise the shape diversity obtained, while limiting molecular complexity through avoiding enantiomers. Property analyses of the cyclobutane library indicated that it fares favourably against existing synthetic 3D fragment libraries in terms of shape and physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Hamilton
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences NETHERLANDS
| | | | - Caroline M. Carter
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences NETHERLANDS
| | - Jasmina Elsayed
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences NETHERLANDS
| | | | - Hanna F. Klein
- University of York Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Peter O’Brien
- University of York Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Iwan J. P. de Esch
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences NETHERLANDS
| | - Maikel Wijtmans
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Chemistry & Pharamceutical Sciences De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam NETHERLANDS
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14
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van der Kolk MR, Jansen MACH, Rutjes FPJT, Blanco-Ania D. CYCLOBUTANES IN SMALL MOLECULE DRUG CANDIDATES. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200020. [PMID: 35263505 PMCID: PMC9314592 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclobutanes are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry in the search for relevant biological properties. Important characteristics of the cyclobutane ring include its unique puckered structure, longer C−C bond lengths, increased C−C π‐character and relative chemical inertness for a highly strained carbocycle. This review will focus on contributions of cyclobutane rings in drug candidates to arrive at favorable properties. Cyclobutanes have been employed for improving multiple factors such as preventing cis/trans‐isomerization by replacing alkenes, replacing larger cyclic systems, increasing metabolic stability, directing key pharmacophore groups, inducing conformational restriction, reducing planarity, as aryl isostere and filling hydrophobic pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnix R van der Kolk
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
| | - Mathilde A C H Jansen
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
| | - Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Radboud University, Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Heyendaalaseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
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15
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Chen L, Su M, Wu XZ, Wang DZ, Kang YY, Wang CG, Assani I, Wang MX, Zhao SF, Lv SM, Wang JW, Sun B, Li Y, Jin Q, Huang RZ, Liao ZX. Discovery of 2H-chromone-4-one based sulfonamide derivatives as potent retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt inverse agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114065. [PMID: 34971876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), identified as the essential functional regulator of IL-17 producing Th17 cells, is an attractive drug target for treating autoimmune diseases. Starting from the reported GSK2981278 (Phase II), we structurally modified and synthesized a series of 2H-chromone-4-one based sulfonamide derivatives as novel RORγt inverse agonists, which significantly improved their human metabolic stabilities while maintaining a potent RORγt inverse agonist profile. Efforts in reducing the lipophilicity and improving the LLE values led to the discovery of c9, which demonstrated potent RORγt inverse agonistic activity and consistent metabolic stability. During in vivo studies, oral administration of compound c9 exhibited a robust and dose-dependent inhibition of IL-17A cytokine expression and significantly lessened the skin inflammatory symptoms in the mouse imiquimod-induced skin inflammation model. Docking analysis of the binding mode revealed that c9 can suitably occupy the active pocket, and the introduction of the morpholine pyridine group can interact with Leu396, His479, and Cys393. Thus, compound c9 was selected as a preclinical compound for treating Th17-driven autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Mei Su
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Wu
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - De-Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yang-Yang Kang
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Chun-Gu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Israa Assani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Mu-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Shen-Min Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Qiu Jin
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Ri-Zhen Huang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Zhi-Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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16
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Suri C, Awasthi A, Asthana S. Crystallographic landscape provides molecular insights into the modes of action of diverse ROR-γt modulators. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:652-663. [PMID: 34838728 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ROR-γt, the master regulator of Th-17 cells, is activated by the binding of small molecules at its orthosteric site, followed by the recruitment of co-activators or co-repressors in the ligand binding domain (LBD). Th-17 cells provide immune-dependent protection against cancers and pathogens. Their dysregulation causes inflammation and is therefore implicated in various autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. Consequently, there is enormous interest in the development of ROR-γt modulators, both agonist and inverse-agonists. Here, we review advances in the development of ROR-γt modulators that have been made over the past decade, focusing on the rich crystallography landscape for ROR-γt co-crystals that has delineated the relationship between the binding patterns of modulators and the resulting biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Suri
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Haryana 121001, India.
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17
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Chen L, Su M, Jin Q, Wang CG, Assani I, Wang MX, Zhao SF, Lv SM, Wang JW, Sun B, Li Y, Liao ZX. Discovery of N-(2-benzyl-4-oxochroman-7-yl)-2-(5-(ethylsulfonyl) pyridin-2-yl) acetamide (b12) as a potent, selective, and orally available novel retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt inverse agonist. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105483. [PMID: 34906860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ, NR1F3, or RORc) exists in two isoforms, with one isoform (RORγ or RORc1) widely expressed in a variety of tissues, and the expression of the second isoform (RORγt or RORc2) restricted to the thymus and cells of the immune system. RORγt is a key regulator of the development and functions of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells. Clinical proof-of-concept (PoC) with small molecule inverse agonists of RORγt has been achieved with VTP-43742 (Phase II) for the treatment of psoriasis, and pre-clinical PoC for this mechanism has also been established for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. A series of aryl sulfonyl derivatives as novel RORγt inverse agonists were designed and synthesized based on VTP-43742. We conducted structural modifications that improved the activity profile. In pharmacodynamic (PD) studies, oral administration of compound b12 showed robust and dose-dependent inhibition of IL-6 and IL-17A cytokine expression. The ability of compound b12 to reduce the levels of IL-6 and IL-17A in vivo after oral dosing in mice, and a corresponding reduction in skin inflammation further supports the potential of small molecule RORγt modulation as a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mei Su
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qiu Jin
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Chun-Gu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Israa Assani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mu-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shen-Min Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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18
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Chen L, Su M, Jin Q, Wang W, Wang CG, Assani I, Wang MX, Zhao SF, Lv SM, Wang JW, Sun B, Li Y, Liao ZX. Discovery of Chromane-6-Sulfonamide Derivative as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Available Novel Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor γt Inverse Agonist. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16106-16131. [PMID: 34723528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a dominant role in inflammation, autoimmunity, and host defense. RORγt is a key transcription factor mediating T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation and IL-17 production, which is able to activate CD8+ T cells and elicit antitumor efficacy. A series of sulfonamide derivatives as novel RORγt inverse agonists were designed and synthesized. Using GSK2981278 (phase II) as a starting point, we engineered structural modifications that significantly improved the activity and pharmacokinetic profile. In animal studies, oral administration of compound d3 showed a robust and dose-dependent inhibition of the IL-17A cytokine expression in a mouse imiquimod-induced skin inflammation model. Docking analysis of the binding mode revealed that the compound d3 occupied the active pocket suitably. Thus, compound d3 was selected as a clinical compound for the treatment of Th17-driven autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Su
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qiu Jin
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Carefree Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
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19
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Li Z, Liu T, He X, Bai C. The evolution paths of some reprehensive scaffolds of RORγt modulators, a perspective from medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 228:113962. [PMID: 34776280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ligand binding domain (LBD) of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) has been exploited as a promising target for the new small molecule therapeutics to cure autoimmune diseases via modulating the IL-17 and IL-22 production by Th17 cells. Diverse chemical scaffolds of these small molecules have been discovered by multiple groups with methods such as high throughput screening (HTS) and virtual screening. These different scaffolds are further developed by medicinal chemists to afford lead compounds the best of which enter clinical trials. In this review, we summarize these chemical scaffolds and their evolution paths according to the groups in which they have been discovered or studied. We combine the data of the chemistry, biological assays and structural biology of each chemical scaffold, in order to afford insight to develop new RORγt modulators with higher potency, less toxicity and elucidated working mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xixin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan Bai
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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20
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Majima K, Yamano M. Diastereoselective Synthesis of a cis-1,3-Disubstituted Cyclobutane Carboxylic Acid Scaffold for TAK-828F, a Potent Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor (ROR)-γt Inverse Agonist. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11464-11471. [PMID: 34357761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A scalable synthesis of the cis-1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane carboxylic acid scaffold of TAK-828F (1) has been developed, featuring the diastereoselective reduction of a cyclobutylidene Meldrum's acid derivative with NaBH4. Controlling acidic impurities was crucial for improving the diastereomeric ratio by recrystallization. Furthermore, reaction optimization and the streamlining of several steps established a scalable synthetic method free from column chromatography purification with an overall yield improved from 23 to 39%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Majima
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85 Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Yamano
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85 Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
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21
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Zou H, Yang N, Zhang X, Chen HW. RORγ is a context-specific master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis and an emerging therapeutic target in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114725. [PMID: 34384758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the form of elevated cholesterol biosynthesis and dysregulated efflux and metabolism is well recognized as a major feature of metabolic reprogramming in solid tumors. Recent studies have emphasized on major drivers and regulators such as Myc, mutant p53, SREBP2, LXRs and oncogenic signaling pathways that play crucial roles in tumor cholesterol metabolic reprogramming. Therapeutics such as statins targeting the mevalonate pathway were tried at the clinic without showing consistent benefits to cancer patients. Nuclear receptors are prominent regulators of mammalian metabolism. Their de-regulation often drives tumorigenesis. RORγ and its immune cell-specific isoform RORγt play important functions in control of mammalian metabolism, circadian rhythm and immune responses. Although RORγ, together with its closely related members RORα and RORβ were identified initially as orphan receptors, recent studies strongly support the conclusion that specific intermediates and metabolites of cholesterol pathways serve as endogenous ligands of RORγ. More recent studies also reveal a critical role of RORγ in tumorigenesis through major oncogenic pathways including acting a new master-like regulator of tumor cholesterol biosynthesis program. Importantly, an increasing number of RORγ orthosteric and allosteric ligands are being identified that display potent activities in blocking tumor growth and autoimmune disorders in preclinical models. This review summarizes the recent preclinical and clinical progress on RORγ with emphasis on its role in reprogramming tumor cholesterol metabolism and its regulation. It will also discuss RORγ functional mechanisms, context-specificity and its value as a therapeutic target for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nianxin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA.
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22
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Sun N, Xie Q, Dang Y, Wang Y. Agonist Lock Touched and Untouched Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-γt (RORγt) Inverse Agonists: Classification Based on the Molecular Mechanisms of Action. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10519-10536. [PMID: 34264059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) is a potential drug target for autoimmune diseases with a clear biological mechanism in the Th17/IL-17 pathway. The "agonist lock", which is formed by residues His479-Tyr502-Phe506 in RORγt, makes H12 tightly contact H11 in a suitable conformation for coactivator binding and, thus, is related to RORγt transcriptional activation. The inverse agonism of RORγt is complex because not all RORγt inverse agonists directly break the agonist lock to interfere with coactivator recruitment and the transcription of RORγt. Here, we analyze the complex structures, binding modes, and biological activities of various RORγt inverse agonists and classify them as "agonist lock touched" and "agonist lock untouched" RORγt inverse agonists according to whether they infringe on the agonist lock directly or not. We aim at providing a comprehensive review and insights into drug discovery of RORγt inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Centre for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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23
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Gege C. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) inverse agonists/antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases - where are we presently? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1517-1535. [PMID: 34192992 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1948833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) has been identified as the master regulator of TH17 cell differentiation and IL-17/22 production and is therefore an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Several orally or topically administered small molecule RORγt inverse agonists (RIAs) have progressed up to the end of clinical Phase 2.Areas covered: Based on publications and patent evaluations this review summarizes the evolution of the chemical matter for all 16 pharmaceutical companies, who develop(ed) a clinical-stage RIAs (until March 2021). Structure proposals for some clinical stage RIAs are presented and the outcome of the clinical trials is discussed.Expert opinion: So far, the clinical trials have been plagued with a high attrition rate. Main reasons were lack of efficacy (topical) or safety signals (oral) as well as, amongst other things, thymic lymphomas as seen with BMS-986251 in a preclinical study and liver enzyme elevations in humans with VTP-43742. Possibilities to mitigate these risks could be the use of RIAs with different chemical structures not interfering with thymocytes maturation and no livertox-inducing properties. With new frontrunners (e.g., ABBV-157 (cedirogant), BI 730357 or IMU-935) this is still an exciting time for this treatment approach.
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24
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Bauer MR, Di Fruscia P, Lucas SCC, Michaelides IN, Nelson JE, Storer RI, Whitehurst BC. Put a ring on it: application of small aliphatic rings in medicinal chemistry. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:448-471. [PMID: 33937776 PMCID: PMC8083977 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic three- and four-membered rings including cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, oxetanes, azetidines and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes have been increasingly exploited in medicinal chemistry for their beneficial physicochemical properties and applications as functional group bioisosteres. This review provides a historical perspective and comparative up to date overview of commonly applied small rings, exemplifying key principles with recent literature examples. In addition to describing the merits and advantages of each ring system, potential hazards and liabilities are also illustrated and explained, including any significant chemical or metabolic stability and toxicity risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Bauer
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Paolo Di Fruscia
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Simon C C Lucas
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | | | - Jennifer E Nelson
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - R Ian Storer
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
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25
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Nakajima R, Oono H, Kumazawa K, Ida T, Hirata J, White RD, Min X, Guzman-Perez A, Wang Z, Symons A, Singh SK, Mothe SR, Belyakov S, Chakrabarti A, Shuto S. Discovery of 6-Oxo-4-phenyl-hexanoic acid derivatives as RORγt inverse agonists showing favorable ADME profile. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 36:127786. [PMID: 33493627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt), which is a promising therapeutic target for immune diseases, is a major transcription factor of genes related to psoriasis pathogenesis, such as interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, and IL-23R. Inspired by the co-crystal structure of RORγt, a 6-oxo-4-phenyl-hexanoic acid derivative 6a was designed, synthesized, and identified as a ligand of RORγt. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies in 6a, which focus on the improvement of its membrane permeability profile by introducing chlorine atoms, led to finding 12a, which has a potent RORγt inhibitory activity and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Oono
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Keiko Kumazawa
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohide Ida
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Hirata
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Ryan D White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Xiaoshan Min
- Departments of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Angel Guzman-Perez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Zhulun Wang
- Departments of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Antony Symons
- Departments of Inflammation & Oncology Research Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Mothe
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Sergei Belyakov
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Anjan Chakrabarti
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science Park III, Singapore 117525, Singapore
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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26
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Tsuruoka R, Yoshikawa N, Konishi T, Yamano M. Asymmetric Synthesis of a 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridine Scaffold Leading to Potent Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor γt Inverse Agonist TAK-828F. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10797-10805. [PMID: 32701287 PMCID: PMC7445745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An asymmetric synthesis
of the tetrahydronaphthyridine scaffold of TAK-828F as a RORγt
inverse agonist has been developed. The synthesis features a newly
discovered atom-economical protocol for Heck-type vinylation of chloropyridine
using ethylene gas, an unprecedented formation of dihydronaphthyridine
directly from 2-vinyl-3-acylpyridine mediated by ammonia, and a ruthenium-catalyzed
enantioselective transfer hydrogenation as key steps. This represents
the first example of the enantioselective synthesis of a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridine
compound. The new synthesis is also free of chromatography or distillation
purification processes and therefore qualifies for extension to large-scale
manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Tsuruoka
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85 Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshikawa
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85 Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Takahiro Konishi
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85 Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Yamano
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85 Jusohonmachi 2-Chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
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27
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Sun N, Huang Y, Yu M, Zhao Y, Chen JA, Zhu C, Song M, Guo H, Xie Q, Wang Y. Discovery of carboxyl-containing biaryl ureas as potent RORγt inverse agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112536. [PMID: 32698100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
GSK805 (1) is a potent RORγt inverse agonist, but a drawback of 1 is its low solubility, leading to a limited absorption in high doses. We have explored detailed structure-activity relationship on the amide linker, biaryl and arylsulfonyl moieties of 1 trying to improve solubility while maintaining RORγt activity. As a result, a novel series of carboxyl-containing biaryl urea derivatives was discovered as potent RORγt inverse agonists with improved drug-like properties. Compound 3i showed potent RORγt inhibitory activity and subtype selectivity with an IC50 of 63.8 nM in RORγ FRET assay and 85 nM in cell-based RORγ-GAL4 promotor reporter assay. Reasonable inhibitory activity of 3i was also achieved in mouse Th17 cell differentiation assay (76% inhibition at 0.3 μM). Moreover, 3i had greatly improved aqueous solubility at pH 7.4 compared to 1, exhibited decent mouse PK profile and demonstrated some in vivo efficacy in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yafei Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mingcheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ji-An Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meiqi Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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28
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van der Zanden SY, Luimstra JJ, Neefjes J, Borst J, Ovaa H. Opportunities for Small Molecules in Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:493-511. [PMID: 32381382 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has proven remarkably successful through instigation of systemic antitumor T cell responses. Despite this achievement, further advancements are needed to expand the scope of susceptible cancer types and overcome variation in treatment outcomes between patients. Small-molecule drugs targeting defined pathways and/or cells capable of immune modulation are expected to substantially improve efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Small-molecule drugs possess unique properties compatible with systemic administration and amenable to both extracellular and intracellular targets. These compounds can modify molecular pathways to overcome immune tolerance and suppression towards effective antitumor responses. Here, we provide an overview of how such effects might be achieved by combining immunotherapy with conventional and/or new small-molecule chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Y van der Zanden
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien J Luimstra
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jannie Borst
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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29
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Nakajima R, Oono H, Sugiyama S, Matsueda Y, Ida T, Kakuda S, Hirata J, Baba A, Makino A, Matsuyama R, White RD, Wurz RΡ, Shin Y, Min X, Guzman-Perez A, Wang Z, Symons A, Singh SK, Mothe SR, Belyakov S, Chakrabarti A, Shuto S. Discovery of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5- a]pyridine Derivatives as Potent and Orally Bioavailable RORγt Inverse Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:528-534. [PMID: 32292560 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt), a promising therapeutic target, is a major transcription factor of genes related to psoriasis pathogenesis such as interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, and IL-23R. On the basis of the X-ray cocrystal structure of RORγt with 1a, an analogue of the known piperazine RORγt inverse agonist 1, triazolopyridine derivatives of 1 were designed and synthesized, and analogue 3a was found to be a potent RORγt inverse agonist. Structure-activity relationship studies on 3a, focusing on the treatment of its metabolically unstable cyclopentyl ring and the central piperazine core, led to a novel analogue, namely, 6-methyl-N-(7-methyl-8-(((2S,4S)-2-methyl-1-(4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butanoyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)nicotinamide (5a), which exhibited strong RORγt inhibitory activity and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 5a in a human whole-blood assay and a mouse IL-18/23-induced cytokine expression model revealed its robust and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on IL-17A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oono
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Sakae Sugiyama
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Yohei Matsueda
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohide Ida
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Shinji Kakuda
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Hirata
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Atsushi Baba
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Akito Makino
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuyama
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Ryan D. White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ryan Ρ. Wurz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
| | - Youngsook Shin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, United States
| | | | - Angel Guzman-Perez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | | | - Sanjay K. Singh
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Mothe
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
| | - Sergei Belyakov
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
| | - Anjan Chakrabarti
- AMRI Singapore Research Centre, Pte. Ltd., 61 Science Park Road, #05-01 The Galen, Science
Park III, Singapore 117525
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Zhang H, Lapointe BT, Anthony N, Azevedo R, Cals J, Correll CC, Daniels M, Deshmukh S, van Eenenaam H, Ferguson H, Hegde LG, Karstens WJ, Maclean J, Miller JR, Moy LY, Simov V, Nagpal S, Oubrie A, Palte RL, Parthasarathy G, Sciammetta N, van der Stelt M, Woodhouse JD, Trotter BW, Barr K. Discovery of N-(Indazol-3-yl)piperidine-4-carboxylic Acids as RORγt Allosteric Inhibitors for Autoimmune Diseases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:114-119. [PMID: 32071676 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibodies (i.e., Cosentyx and Taltz) has validated Th17 pathway modulation for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The nuclear hormone receptor RORγt is a master regulator of Th17 cells and affects the production of a host of cytokines, including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-26, and GM-CSF. Substantial interest has been spurred across both academia and industry to seek small molecules suitable for RORγt inhibition. A variety of RORγt inhibitors have been reported in the past few years, the majority of which are orthosteric binders. Here we disclose the discovery and optimization of a class of inhibitors, which bind differently to an allosteric binding pocket. Starting from a weakly active hit 1, a tool compound 14 was quickly identified that demonstrated superior potency, selectivity, and off-target profile. Further optimization focused on improving metabolic stability. Replacing the benzoic acid moiety with piperidinyl carboxylate, modifying the 4-aza-indazole core in 14 to 4-F-indazole, and incorporating a key hydroxyl group led to the discovery of 25, which possesses exquisite potency and selectivity, as well as an improved pharmacokinetic profile suitable for oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gopal Parthasarathy
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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31
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Discovery of novel N-sulfonamide-tetrahydroquinolines as potent retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt inverse agonists for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Hoegenauer K, Kallen J, Jiménez-Núñez E, Strang R, Ertl P, Cooke NG, Hintermann S, Voegtle M, Betschart C, McKay DJJ, Wagner J, Ottl J, Beerli C, Billich A, Dawson J, Kaupmann K, Streiff M, Gobeau N, Harlfinger S, Stringer R, Guntermann C. Structure-Based and Property-Driven Optimization of N-Aryl Imidazoles toward Potent and Selective Oral RORγt Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10816-10832. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel J. J. McKay
- Global Discovery Chemistry, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, 02139 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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33
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Sato A, Fukase Y, Kono M, Ochida A, Oda T, Sasaki Y, Ishii N, Tomata Y, Fukumoto S, Imai YN, Uga K, Shibata A, Yamasaki M, Nakagawa H, Shirasaki M, Skene R, Hoffman I, Sang B, Snell G, Shirai J, Yamamoto S. Design and Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained RORγt Inverse Agonists. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1917-1932. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Sato
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukase
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, Inc. 413 East 69th Street New York NY 10021 USA
| | - Mitsunori Kono
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Atsuko Ochida
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Tsuneo Oda
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Yoshihide Tomata
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Shoji Fukumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Japan Tobacco Inc.Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute 1-1 Murasaki-cho Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125 Japan
| | - Yumi N. Imai
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Chordia Therapeutics Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Keiko Uga
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Akira Shibata
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Masashi Yamasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Mikio Shirasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc. 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-0012 Japan
| | - Robert Skene
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Isaac Hoffman
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Bi‐Ching Sang
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Gyorgy Snell
- Takeda California, Inc.10410 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Junya Shirai
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
- Cardurion Pharmaceuticals K.K. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
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Nakamura Y, Igaki K, Uga K, Shibata A, Yamauchi H, Yamasaki M, Tsuchimori N. Pharmacological evaluation of TAK-828F, a novel orally available RORγt inverse agonist, on murine chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 335:577016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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von Berg S, Xue Y, Collins M, Llinas A, Olsson RI, Halvarsson T, Lindskog M, Malmberg J, Jirholt J, Krutrök N, Ramnegård M, Brännström M, Lundqvist A, Lepistö M, Aagaard A, McPheat J, Hansson EL, Chen R, Xiong Y, Hansson TG, Narjes F. Discovery of Potent and Orally Bioavailable Inverse Agonists of the Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor C2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:972-977. [PMID: 31223457 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The further optimization of a recently disclosed series of inverse agonists of the nuclear receptor RORC2 is described. Investigations into the left-hand side of compound 1, guided by X-ray crystal structures, led to the substitution of the 4-aryl-thiophenyl residue with the hexafluoro-2-phenyl-propan-2-ol moiety. This change resulted in to compound 28, which combined improved drug-like properties with good cell potency and a significantly lower dose, using an early dose to man prediction. Target engagement in vivo was demonstrated in the thymus of mice by a reduction in the number of double positive T cells after oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rongfeng Chen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
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36
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Pharmacological effects of TAK-828F: an orally available RORγt inverse agonist, in mouse colitis model and human blood cells of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:493-509. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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37
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Zhang Y, Wu X, Xue X, Li C, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang C, Wang C, Shi Y, Zou L, Li Q, Huang Z, Hao X, Loomes K, Wu D, Chen HW, Xu J, Xu Y. Discovery and Characterization of XY101, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable RORγ Inverse Agonist for Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4716-4730. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xishan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Chenchang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No.1266 Fujin Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yudan Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lingjiao Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | | | - Xiaojuan Hao
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Kerry Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences & Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Donghai Wu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | | | - Jinxin Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
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38
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Buttard F, Berthonneau C, Hiebel MA, Brière JF, Suzenet F. Organocatalytic aza-Michael Reaction to 3-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazines as a Valuable Bifunctional Platform. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3702-3714. [PMID: 30791682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented catalytic aza-Michael addition to substituted 3-vinyl-1,2,4-triazines, as original bifunctional platforms for the domino conjugate addition inverse-electron-demand hetero-Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder ( ihDA/ rDA) reaction, was achieved using the highly acidic triflimide as an organocatalyst. Based on the use of alkoxyamine nucleophiles, this sequence not only highlights a rare example of the catalytic aza-Michael reaction to alkenylazaarenes but also proves to be useful for the elaboration of an array of biorelevant tetrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris Buttard
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311 , Orléans 45067 , France
| | | | | | | | - Franck Suzenet
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311 , Orléans 45067 , France
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39
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Kotoku M, Maeba T, Fujioka S, Yokota M, Seki N, Ito K, Suwa Y, Ikenogami T, Hirata K, Hase Y, Katsuda Y, Miyagawa N, Arita K, Asahina K, Noguchi M, Nomura A, Doi S, Adachi T, Crowe P, Tao H, Thacher S, Hashimoto H, Suzuki T, Shiozaki M. Discovery of Second Generation RORγ Inhibitors Composed of an Azole Scaffold. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2837-2842. [PMID: 30776227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a previously reported RORγ inhibitor (1), successive efforts to improve in vivo potency were continued. Introduction of metabolically beneficial motifs in conjunction with scaffold hopping was examined, resulting in discovery of the second generation RORγ inhibitor composed of a 4-(isoxazol-3-yl)butanoic acid scaffold (24). Compound 24 achieved a 10-fold improvement in in vivo potency in a mouse CD3 challenge model along with significant anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse dermatitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kotoku
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 603-0823 , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Crowe
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals , 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals , 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Scott Thacher
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals , 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | | | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 603-0823 , Japan
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40
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Yamashita T, Nishikawa H, Kawamoto T. Scale-up synthesis of a deuterium-labeled cis-cyclobutane-1,3-Dicarboxylic acid derivative using continuous photo flow chemistry. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Yukawa T, Nara Y, Kono M, Sato A, Oda T, Takagi T, Sato T, Banno Y, Taya N, Imada T, Shiokawa Z, Negoro N, Kawamoto T, Koyama R, Uchiyama N, Skene R, Hoffman I, Chen CH, Sang B, Snell G, Katsuyama R, Yamamoto S, Shirai J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor γt (RORγt) Agonist Structure-Based Functionality Switching Approach from In House RORγt Inverse Agonist to RORγt Agonist. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1167-1179. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yukawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshi Nara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kono
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumu Sato
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Oda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Terufumi Takagi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sato
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Banno
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naohiro Taya
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Imada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Zenyu Shiokawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Negoro
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kawamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryokichi Koyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Uchiyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Robert Skene
- Takeda California, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Isaac Hoffman
- Takeda California, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Takeda California, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - BiChing Sang
- Takeda California, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gyorgy Snell
- Takeda California, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ryosuke Katsuyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Junya Shirai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Sun N, Yuan C, Ma X, Wang Y, Gu X, Fu W. Molecular Mechanism of Action of RORγt Agonists and Inverse Agonists: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123181. [PMID: 30513894 PMCID: PMC6321388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As an attractive drug-target, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) has been employed widely to develop clinically relevant small molecular modulators as potent therapy for autoimmune disease and cancer, but its molecular mechanism of action (MOA) remains unclear. In the present study, we designed and discovered two novel RORγt ligands that are similar in structure, but different in efficacy. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay, compound 1 was identified as an agonist with an EC50 of 3.7 μM (max. act.: 78%), while compound 2 as an inverse agonist with an IC50 value of 2.0 μM (max. inh.: 61%). We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and elucidated the MOA of RORγt agonist and inverse agonist. Through the analyses of our MD results, we found that, after RORγt is bound with the agonist 1, the side chain of Trp317 stays in the gauche- conformation, and thus helps to form the hydrogen bond, His479-Trp502, and a large hydrophobic network among H11, H11′, and H12. All these interactions stabilize the H12, and helps the receptor recruit the coactivator. When the RORγt is bound with the inverse agonist 2, the side chain of Trp317 is forced to adopt the trans conformation, and these presumed interactions are partially destroyed. Taken together, the critical role of residue Trp317 could be viewed as the driving force for the activation of RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Congmin Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xianfeng Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Réau M, Lagarde N, Zagury JF, Montes M. Nuclear Receptors Database Including Negative Data (NR-DBIND): A Database Dedicated to Nuclear Receptors Binding Data Including Negative Data and Pharmacological Profile. J Med Chem 2018; 62:2894-2904. [PMID: 30354114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors that regulate gene expression in various physiological processes through their interactions with small hydrophobic molecules. They constitute an important class of targets for drugs and endocrine disruptors and are widely studied for both health and environment concerns. Since the integration of negative data can be critical for accurate modeling of ligand activity profiles, we manually collected and annotated NRs interaction data (positive and negative) through a sharp review of the corresponding literature. 15 116 positive and negative interactions data are provided for 28 NRs together with 593 PDB structures in the freely available Nuclear Receptors Database Including Negative Data ( http://nr-dbind.drugdesign.fr ). The NR-DBIND contains the most extensive information about interaction data on NRs, which should bring valuable information to chemists, biologists, pharmacologists and toxicologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Réau
- Laboratoire GBA, EA4627 , Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers , 2 Rue Conté , 75003 Paris , France
| | - Nathalie Lagarde
- Laboratoire GBA, EA4627 , Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers , 2 Rue Conté , 75003 Paris , France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques in Silico, INSERM UMR-S 973, 75205 Paris , France
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Laboratoire GBA, EA4627 , Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers , 2 Rue Conté , 75003 Paris , France
| | - Matthieu Montes
- Laboratoire GBA, EA4627 , Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers , 2 Rue Conté , 75003 Paris , France
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Pharmacological Evaluation of TAK-828F, a Novel Orally Available RORγt Inverse Agonist, on Murine Colitis Model. Inflammation 2018; 42:91-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Pandya VB, Kumar S, Sachchidanand, Sharma R, Desai RC. Combating Autoimmune Diseases With Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-γ (RORγ or RORc) Inhibitors: Hits and Misses. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10976-10995. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vrajesh B. Pandya
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Sachchidanand
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Ranjit C. Desai
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej Bavla NH8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
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Carcache DA, Vulpetti A, Kallen J, Mattes H, Orain D, Stringer R, Vangrevelinghe E, Wolf RM, Kaupmann K, Ottl J, Dawson J, Cooke NG, Hoegenauer K, Billich A, Wagner J, Guntermann C, Hintermann S. Optimizing a Weakly Binding Fragment into a Potent RORγt Inverse Agonist with Efficacy in an in Vivo Inflammation Model. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6724-6735. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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47
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Koyama R, Fukuda Y, Kamada Y, Nakagawa H, Witmer D, Ambrus-Aikelin G, Sang BC, Nakayama M, Iwata H. Cholesterol Unbound RORγt Protein Enables a Sensitive Inverse Agonist Screening. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:194-204. [PMID: 29874096 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2018.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma T (RORγt) plays an important role in Th17 cell proliferation and functionality. Thus, RORγt inverse agonists are thought to be potent therapeutic agents for Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. Although RORγt has constitutive activity, it is recognized that the receptor is physiologically regulated by various cholesterol derivatives. In this study, we sought to identify RORγt inverse agonists through a high-throughput screening campaign. To this end, we compared an apo-RORγt protein from Escherichia coli and a cholesterol-bound RORγt protein from insect cells. The IC50 of the known RORγt inverse agonist TO901317 was significantly lower for the apoprotein than for the cholesterol-bound RORγt. Through high-throughput screening using a fluorescence-based cholesterol binding assay with the apoprotein, we identified compound 1 as a novel cholesterol-competitive RORγt inverse agonist. Compound 1 inhibited the RORγt-TopFluor cholesterol interaction, coactivator recruitment, and transcriptional activity of RORγt. Cell-based reporter gene assay demonstrated that compound 1 showed higher potency by lipid depletion treatment. Collectively, our findings indicate that eliminating cholesterol from the RORγt protein is suitable for sensitive high-throughput screening to identify RORγt inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryokichi Koyama
- 1 Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Fukuda
- 1 Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamada
- 1 Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- 1 Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Darbi Witmer
- 2 Department of Structural Biology, Takeda California , San Diego, California
| | - Geza Ambrus-Aikelin
- 2 Department of Structural Biology, Takeda California , San Diego, California
| | - Bi-Ching Sang
- 2 Department of Structural Biology, Takeda California , San Diego, California
| | - Masaharu Nakayama
- 1 Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Iwata
- 1 Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa, Japan
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