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Festa C, De Marino S, Zampella A, Fiorucci S. Theonella: A Treasure Trove of Structurally Unique and Biologically Active Sterols. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050291. [PMID: 37233485 DOI: 10.3390/md21050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is considered a vast source in the discovery of structurally unique bioactive secondary metabolites. Among marine invertebrates, the sponge Theonella spp. represents an arsenal of novel compounds ranging from peptides, alkaloids, terpenes, macrolides, and sterols. In this review, we summarize the recent reports on sterols isolated from this amazing sponge, describing their structural features and peculiar biological activities. We also discuss the total syntheses of solomonsterols A and B and the medicinal chemistry modifications on theonellasterol and conicasterol, focusing on the effect of chemical transformations on the biological activity of this class of metabolites. The promising compounds identified from Theonella spp. possess pronounced biological activity on nuclear receptors or cytotoxicity and result in promising candidates for extended preclinical evaluations. The identification of naturally occurring and semisynthetic marine bioactive sterols reaffirms the utility of examining natural product libraries for the discovery of new therapeutical approach to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza L. Severi, 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Wu C, Tang J, Limlingan Malit JJ, Wang R, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Qian PY. Bathiapeptides: Polythiazole-Containing Peptides from a Marine Biofilm-Derived Bacillus sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1751-1762. [PMID: 35703501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria in marine biofilms are a rich reservoir of natural products. To facilitate novel secondary metabolite discovery, we investigated the metabolic profile of a marine biofilm-derived Bacillus sp. B19-2 by combining bioinformatics and LC-UV-MS analyses. After dereplication and purification of putatively unknown compounds, a new family of compounds 1-8 was uncovered and named bathiapeptides. Structural elucidation using NMR, HRESIMS, ozonolysis, advanced Marfey's analysis, and X-ray diffraction revealed that bathiapeptides are polypeptides that contain a rare polythiazole moiety. These compounds exhibited strong cytotoxicity against Hep G2, HeLa, MCF-7, and MGC-803 cell lines, and the lowest IC50 value was 0.5 μM. An iterative biosynthesis logic in bathiapeptides' biosynthesis was proposed based on the identified chemical structures and putative gene cluster analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhai Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511458 People's Republic of China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511458 People's Republic of China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jessie James Limlingan Malit
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511458 People's Republic of China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruojun Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511458 People's Republic of China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511458 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511458 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511458 People's Republic of China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Senadeera SPD, Wang D, Kim CK, Smith EA, Durrant DE, Alexander PA, Wendt KL, Stephen AG, Morrison DK, Cichewicz RH, Henrich CJ, Beutler JA. Tolypocladamides A-G: Cytotoxic Peptaibols from Tolypocladium inflatum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1603-1616. [PMID: 35696348 PMCID: PMC10616963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seven new peptaibols named tolypocladamides A-G have been isolated from an extract of the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum, which inhibits the interaction between Raf and oncogenic Ras in a cell-based high-throughput screening assay. Each peptaibol contains 11 amino acid residues, an octanoyl or decanoyl fatty acid chain at the N-terminus, and a leucinol moiety at the C-terminus. The peptaibol sequences were elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR and mass spectral fragmentation analyses. Amino acid configurations were determined by advanced Marfey's analyses. Tolypocladamides A-G caused significant inhibition of Ras/Raf interactions with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 μM in a nanobioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) assay; however, no interactions were observed in a surface plasmon resonance assay for binding of the compounds to wild type or G12D mutant Ras constructs or to the Ras binding domain of Raf. NCI 60 cell line testing was also conducted, and little panel selectivity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath P. D. Senadeera
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Chang-Kwon Kim
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Emily A. Smith
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory of Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - David E. Durrant
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Patrick A. Alexander
- National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - Karen L. Wendt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, and Natural Products Discovery Group and Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Andrew G Stephen
- National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - Deborah K. Morrison
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, and Natural Products Discovery Group and Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Curtis J. Henrich
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory of Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - John A. Beutler
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
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Small-Molecule RAS Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: Discovery, Development, and Mechanistic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073706. [PMID: 35409064 PMCID: PMC8999084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of RAS oncogenes are responsible for about 30% of all human cancer types, including pancreatic, lung, and colorectal cancers. While KRAS1 is a pseudogene, mutation of KRAS2 (commonly known as KRAS oncogene) is directly or indirectly associated with human cancers. Among the RAS family, KRAS is the most abundant oncogene related to uncontrolled cellular proliferation to generate solid tumors in many types of cancer such as pancreatic carcinoma (over 80%), colon carcinoma (40-50%), lung carcinoma (30-50%), and other types of cancer. Once described as 'undruggable', RAS proteins have become 'druggable', at least to a certain extent, due to the continuous efforts made during the past four decades. In this account, we discuss the chemistry and biology (wherever available) of the small-molecule inhibitors (synthetic, semi-synthetic, and natural) of KRAS proteins that were published in the past decades. Commercial drugs, as well as investigational molecules from preliminary stages to clinical trials, are categorized and discussed in this study. In summary, this study presents an in-depth discussion of RAS proteins, classifies the RAS superfamily, and describes the molecular mechanism of small-molecule RAS inhibitors.
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Abstract
Covering: 2020This review covers the literature published in 2020 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 757 citations (747 for the period January to December 2020) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1407 in 420 papers for 2020), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. A meta analysis of bioactivity data relating to new MNPs reported over the last five years is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Enivironment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Durrant DE, Smith EA, Goncharova EI, Sharma N, Alexander PA, Stephen AG, Henrich CJ, Morrison DK. Development of a High-throughput NanoBRET Screening Platform to Identify Modulators of the RAS/RAF Interaction. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1743-1754. [PMID: 34158349 PMCID: PMC8419108 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in RAS are found in approximately 30% of human cancers, resulting in the delivery of a persistent signal to critical downstream effectors that drive tumorigenesis. RAS-driven malignancies respond poorly to conventional cancer treatments and inhibitors that target RAS directly are limited; therefore, the identification of new strategies and/or drugs to disrupt RAS signaling in tumor cells remains a pressing therapeutic need. Taking advantage of the live-cell bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) methodology, we describe the development of a NanoBRET screening platform to identify compounds that modulate binding between activated KRAS and the CRAF kinase, an essential effector of RAS that initiates ERK cascade signaling. Using this strategy, libraries containing synthetic compounds, targeted inhibitors, purified natural products, and natural product extracts were evaluated. These efforts resulted in the identification of compounds that inhibit RAS/RAF binding and in turn suppress RAS-driven ERK activation, but also compounds that have the deleterious effect of enhancing the interaction to upregulate pathway signaling. Among the inhibitor hits identified, the majority were compounds derived from natural products, including ones reported to alter KRAS nanoclustering (ophiobolin A), to impact RAF function (HSP90 inhibitors and ROS inducers) as well as some with unknown targets and activities. These findings demonstrate the potential for this screening platform in natural product drug discovery and in the development of new therapeutic agents to target dysregulated RAS signaling in human disease states such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Durrant
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Emily A Smith
- Molecular Targets Program, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ekaterina I Goncharova
- Molecular Targets Program, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
- Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Nirmala Sharma
- Molecular Targets Program, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Patrick A Alexander
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Andrew G Stephen
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Curtis J Henrich
- Molecular Targets Program, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland.
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Deborah K Morrison
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, NCI, Frederick, Maryland.
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Natural Products Attenuating Biosynthesis, Processing, and Activity of Ras Oncoproteins: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111535. [PMID: 33182807 PMCID: PMC7698260 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS genes encode signaling proteins, which, in mammalian cells, act as molecular switches regulating critical cellular processes as proliferation, growth, differentiation, survival, motility, and metabolism in response to specific stimuli. Deregulation of Ras functions has a high impact on human health: gain-of-function point mutations in RAS genes are found in some developmental disorders and thirty percent of all human cancers, including the deadliest. For this reason, the pathogenic Ras variants represent important clinical targets against which to develop novel, effective, and possibly selective pharmacological inhibitors. Natural products represent a virtually unlimited resource of structurally different compounds from which one could draw on for this purpose, given the improvements in isolation and screening of active molecules from complex sources. After a summary of Ras proteins molecular and regulatory features and Ras-dependent pathways relevant for drug development, we point out the most promising inhibitory approaches, the known druggable sites of wild-type and oncogenic Ras mutants, and describe the known natural compounds capable of attenuating Ras signaling. Finally, we highlight critical issues and perspectives for the future selection of potential Ras inhibitors from natural sources.
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