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Swift EC, Sales ZS, Wu D, Matviitsuk A, Pippel DJ, Lebold TP. Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 4-Iodo-7-azaindazoles via Condensation/Diels-Alder/Retro-Diels-Alder Cyclization of Iodoalkynones and 2-Hydrazineylpyrimidines. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37991557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A method for the preparation of highly functionalized 4-iodo-7-azaindazoles is reported. These valuable heterocycles are synthesized via condensation of 2-hydrazineylpyrimidines with various iodoalkynones followed by Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder cyclization. The method is general to the formation of products with a variety of C3, C5, and C6 substituents while preserving the C4 iodide functional handle for further late-stage functionalization. The utility of this transformation is demonstrated through the rapid synthesis of several bioactive azaindazole targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Swift
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen R&D, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zachary S Sales
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen R&D, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dongpei Wu
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen R&D, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Daniel J Pippel
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen R&D, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Terry P Lebold
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen R&D, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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2
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García-Domínguez J, Carranza M, Jansons E, Carmona AT, Robina I, Moreno-Vargas AJ. Transferring Substituents from Alkynes to Furans and Pyrroles through Heteronorbornadienes as Intermediates: Synthesis of β-Substituted Pyrroles/Furans. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13331-13338. [PMID: 37616527 PMCID: PMC10507663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of 7-oxa/azanorbornadienes as synthetic intermediates for the preparation of 3/4-substituted (β-substituted) furans/pyrroles is presented. The method lies in the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) cycloaddition between a substituted heteronorbornadiene and an electron-poor tetrazine followed by spontaneous fragmentation of the resulting cycloadduct via two retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reactions affording a β-substituted furan/pyrrole. The scope of this tandem iEDDA/rDA/rDA reaction was explored in the preparation of 29 heterocycles. A one-pot procedure starting directly from the alkyne precursors of the heteronorbornadiene intermediates is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edijs Jansons
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana T. Carmona
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Moreno-Vargas
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Lin C, Yang H, Gao X, Zhuang Y, Feng C, Wu H, Gan H, Cao F, Wei P, Ouyang P. Biomass to Aromatic Amine Module: Alkali Catalytic Conversion of N-Acetylglucosamine into Unsubstituted 3-Acetamidofuran by Retro-Aldol Condensation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300133. [PMID: 36878862 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aminofurans are widely used in drug synthesis as aromatic modules analogous to aniline. However, unsubstituted aminofuran compounds are difficult to prepare. In this study, a process for the selective conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) into unsubstituted 3-acetamidofuran (3AF) is developed. The yield of 3AF from NAG catalyzed by a ternary Ba(OH)2 -H3 BO3 -NaCl catalytic system in N-methylpyrrolidone at 180 °C for 20 min can reach 73.9 %. Mechanistic studies reveal that the pathway to 3AF starts with a base-promoted retro-aldol condensation of the ring-opened NAG, affording the key intermediate N-acetylerythrosamine. Judicious selection of the catalyst system and conditions enables the selective conversion of biomass-derived NAG into 3AF or 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqu Lin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhuang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Caojian Feng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Gan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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Xu S, Yang F, Fan H, Zhao X, Xu Y, Wang S, Zhang X. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-promoted reduction of azides to amines under metal-free conditions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00341d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and novel metal-free reduction of azides to amines in the presence of DBU is reported. This DBU-promoted transformation features good functional group tolerance and high chemo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuechun Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Atta-Kumi J, Pipim GB, Tia R, Adei E. Investigating the site-, regio-, and stereo-selectivities of the reactions between organic azide and 7-heteronorbornadiene: a DFT mechanistic study. J Mol Model 2021; 27:248. [PMID: 34387742 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The site-, regio-, and stereo-selectivities of the title reactions have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) at the M06/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. The effects of substituents on both the three-atom component (TAC) and norbornadiene derivatives have been investigated with a focus on the site-selectivity. The reaction of benzylazide with (1S,4R)-2-tosyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene and (1R,4S)-2-bromo-3-tosyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene proceeds via addition across the substituted olefinic bond of the two norbornadiene derivatives. Substituents on the TAC do not affect the selectivity of the reaction while substituents on the norbornadiene significantly affect the selectivity of the reaction. Benzylazide preferentially adds across the substituted olefinic bond of the norbornadiene derivative when strong electron-withdrawing group (EWGs) and electron-releasing group (ERGs) substituents are on the norbornadiene while weak ERGs and EWGs on the norbornadiene significantly decreases the site-selectivity such that addition across either double is no longer favored over the other. The formation of exo-cycloadducts is generally favored over the endo-cycloadducts. The reaction of benzylazide and norbornadiene derivatives is a highly irreversible exergonic reaction. The direction of electron density flux is dependent on the nature of the substituent on the reactants. Global reactivity indices and Parr function calculations are in good agreement with the activation barriers and the selectivity of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Atta-Kumi
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - George Baffour Pipim
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Tia
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Evans Adei
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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