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Zuo HD, Chen X, Zhang Y, Liu JW, Yan SH, Li G, Wang JY. Photocatalytic Thio/Selenosulfonylation-Bicyclization of Indole-Tethered 1,6-Enynes Leading to Substituted Benzo[ c]pyrrolo[1,2,3- lm]carbazoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3828-3833. [PMID: 38684050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalyzed radical-triggered thio/selenosulfonylation-bicyclization of indole-tethered 1,6-enynes has been established for the first time, enabling the synthesis of various previously unreported thio/selenosulfonylated benzo[c]pyrrolo[1,2,3-lm]carbazoles with moderate to good yields under mild conditions. The reaction pathway was proposed, consisting of energy transfer, homolytic cleavage, radical addition, 5-exo-dig, radical coupling, and a Mallory reaction cascade. This approach exhibits a wide substrate compatibility and excellent tolerability toward various functional groups and is characterized by its remarkable efficiency in both bond formation and annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Dong Zuo
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wu Liu
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hu Yan
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jia-Yin Wang
- Continuous Flow Engineering Laboratory of National Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
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Hulley EB, Clennan EL. Dihydrophenanthrene Open-Shell Singlet Diradicals and Their Roles in the Mallory Photocyclization Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1122-1131. [PMID: 38163932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A computational study (ωB97X-D/6-31G(d)) of the Mallory photocyclization reaction has revealed that the well-established dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) intermediates can adopt either closed-shell (CS) or open-shell-diradical (OS) singlet ground states. A detailed study of the properties of DHPs allowed their classifications as OS, borderline-OS, borderline-CS, or CS intermediates. The triplet electronic state and higher energy CS* isomer of all the OS singlet diradicals were computationally located, and the expected relationship between the diradical index, yo, and the triplet energy and the OS-CS* energy gaps was established. The importance of aromaticity in stabilizing the OS singlet diradicals was confirmed by using the Harmonic Oscillator Model of Aromaticity (HOMA). The thermal decompositions of DHPs by cycloreversions to regenerate the Mallory starting materials were also studied. The cycloreversion mechanism was described as a homolytic cleavage characterized by an anchimeric assistance continuum promoted by bis-β-homolytic cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott B Hulley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Edward L Clennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Guo Y, Liu S, Shen X. Carbonyl Olefin Metathesis and Dehydrogenative Cyclization of Aromatic Ketones and gem-Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315269. [PMID: 38065839 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The beauty of one-pot cascade reaction lies in the efficient disconnection and construction of several bonds in a single reaction flask, without the isolation of any intermediates. Herein, we report the first photoinduced thermally promoted cascade reactions of readily available aromatic ketones and aromatic gem-difluoroalkenes for the synthesis of phenanthrenes which possess potential utility in drug design and materials science. The reaction combines carbonyl-olefin metathesis (cascade photoinduced [2+2] cyclization and thermally controlled retro [2+2] cyclization) and dehydrogenative cyclization (cascade photoinduced conrotatory 6π electrocyclization and collidine-promoted dehydrogenative aromatization) together in one pot. The oxidant-free, acid-free and metal-free reaction shows broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Youyuan Guo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Weber JA, Clennan E, Arulsamy N. A Computational Physical Organic Study of a Torque, Lock, and Propagate Approach and Validation with the Synthesis of Configurationally Stable First‐Generation Heli‐Twisted Acenes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Clennan
- University of Wyoming Dept. of Chemistry Room 403 Physical Building . 82071-3838 Laramie UNITED STATES
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Nishida JI, Matsuno K, Kawase T. Synthesis and photophysical and electrochemical study of 1,3,6,8‐tetraarylsubstituted X‐shaped phenanthrene derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Nishida
- University of Hyogo Department of Materials Science and Chemistry 2167 Shosha 671-2280 Himeji JAPAN
| | - Kouhei Matsuno
- University of Hyogo: Hyogo Kenritsu Daigaku Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Takeshi Kawase
- University of Hyogo: Hyogo Kenritsu Daigaku Department of Applied Chemistry 2167 Shosha 671-2280 Himeji JAPAN
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Pelliccioli V, Hartung T, Simon M, Golz C, Licandro E, Cauteruccio S, Alcarazo M. Enantioselective Synthesis of Dithia[5]helicenes and their Postsynthetic Functionalization to Access Dithia[9]helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pelliccioli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Thierry Hartung
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Emanuela Licandro
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Cauteruccio
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
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Pelliccioli V, Hartung T, Simon M, Golz C, Licandro E, Cauteruccio S, Alcarazo M. Enantioselective Synthesis of Dithia[5]helicenes and their Postsynthetic Functionalization to Access Dithia[9]helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114577. [PMID: 34874602 PMCID: PMC9302117 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective synthesis of 5,13-disubstituted dibenzo[d,d']benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophenes is reported. Key for the successful assembly of these helical architectures is the last two successive Au-catalyzed intramolecular alkyne hydroarylation events. Specifically, the second cyclization is the enantiodetermining step of the whole process and provides the desired helicenes with excellent ee values when a TADDOL-derived 1,2,3-(triazolium)phosphonite moiety (TADDOL: α,α,α',α'-tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol) is employed as an ancillary ligand. The absolute stereochemistry of the newly prepared structures has been determined by X-ray crystallography to be P; the optical properties of these heterohelicenes are also reported. A three-step procedure was subsequently developed that allows the transformation of the initially obtained dithia[5]helicenes into dithia[9]helicenes without erosion of the enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pelliccioli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Thierry Hartung
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Emanuela Licandro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cauteruccio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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