Highly Selective Synthesis of Tetrahydronaphthaleno[60]fullerenes via Fullerene-Cation-Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization

Reaction mechanism with indano[60]fullerene bromide for evaporable fullerene derivatives

Indano[60]fullerene bromide was isolated as a key intermediate in the synthesis of indano[60]fullerene ketone, an evaporable fullerene derivative. Based on the identified reaction mechanism, aqueous hydrobromic acid was used to achieve reproducible and high-yielding reactions. A scalable one-pot reaction from aryl[60]fullerenyl dimers to indano[60]fullerene ketone was also demonstrated.

Hydrophobic evaporable fullerene indanone ketone with low sublimation temperature and amorphous morphology for inverted perovskite solar cells

A hydrophobic evaporable indano[60] fullerene ketone with low sublimation temperature (CF3-FIDO) was successfully synthesized, providing the fullerene mono-adduct derivative with the lowest sublimation temperature reported to date. The amorphous characteristic of the evaporated film was confirmed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Perovskite solar cells using CF3-FIDO as the electron transport layer (ETL) achieved long-term device stability retaining 60% of their initial PCE after 500 h in air.

Synthesis of indano[60]fullerene thioketone and its application in organic solar cells

Evaporable indano[60]fullerene ketone (FIDO) was converted to indano[60]fullerene thioketone (FIDS) in high yield by using Lawesson's reagent. Three compounds with different substituents in para position were successfully converted to the corresponding thioketones, showing that the reaction tolerates compounds with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents. Computational studies with density functional theory revealed the unique vibrations of the thioketone group in FIDS. The molecular structure of FIDS was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells using three evaporable fullerene derivatives (FIDO, FIDS, C60) as electron-acceptors were compared, and the open-circuit voltage with FIDS was 0.16 V higher than that with C60.

Chemoselective Ullmann Reaction of α-Trisubstituted Thioamides: Synthesis of Novel 2-Iminobenzothiolanes

New classes of unexplored benzo[b]thiolanes are synthesized from trisubstituted thioamides through copper-catalyzed intramolecular S-arylation of thioamides for the first time. This method provides good to excellent yields with fully controlled chemoselectivity. Unusually, iminobenzo[b]thiolanes are very stable under mild acidic conditions. A plausible mechanism is proposed for the chemoselective S-arylation process.

An "Umpolung Relay" Strategy: One-Pot, Twice Polarity Inversion Cascade Synthesis of Diversified [60]Fulleroindoles

An "umpolung relay" strategy, which includes an one-pot, twice polarity inversion cascade of C₆₀ via carbanion and carbocation polarity reversed relay pathway, has been developed for the synthesis of a diverse range of novel [60]fulleroindole derivatives.

One-pot, three-component regioselective coupling reaction of triphenylamine/carbazole derivatives with [60]fullerene and indoles via an “umpolung relay” strategy

An “umpolung relay” three-component regioselective coupling reaction of triphenylamine/carbazole derivatives with C60 and indoles was developed, which features high regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance.