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Ren J, Ding SH, Li XN, Zhao QS. Unified Strategy Enables the Collective Syntheses of Structurally Diverse Indole Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7616-7627. [PMID: 38446772 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Natural products and their analogues are significant sources of therapeutic lead compounds. However, synthetic strategies for generating large collections of these molecules remain a significant challenge. The most difficult step in their synthesis is the design of a common intermediate that can be easily transformed into natural products belonging to different families. This study demonstrates the evolution of synthetic tactics designed to assemble the functionalized piperidines present in indole alkaloids from a common intermediate. More importantly, we also report a previously unknown Ir- and Er-catalyzed dehydrogenative spirocyclization reaction that enables direct access to spirocyclic oxindole alkaloids. As a practical application, the asymmetric total syntheses of 29 natural alkaloids belonging to different families were accomplished by following a uniform synthetic route. The proposed methodology extends the capability of the iridium-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling reaction to the realm of indole-alkaloid synthesis and provides new opportunities for the efficient preparation of natural product-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shi-Hua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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2
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Qin J, Han B, Lu X, Nie J, Xian C, Zhang Z. Biomass-Derived Single Zn Atom Catalysts: The Multiple Roles of Single Zn Atoms in the Oxidative Cleavage of C-N Bonds. JACS AU 2023; 3:801-812. [PMID: 37006771 PMCID: PMC10052240 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The C-N bond cleavage represents one kind of important organic and biochemical transformation, which has attracted great interest in recent years. The oxidative cleavage of C-N bonds in N,N-dialkylamines into N-alkylamines has been well documented, but it is challenging in the further oxidative cleavage of C-N bonds in N-alkylamines into primary amines due to the thermally unfavorable release of α-position H from N-Cα-H and the paralleling side reactions. Herein, a biomass-derived single Zn atom catalyst (ZnN4-SAC) was discovered to be a robust heterogeneous non-noble catalyst for the oxidative cleavage of C-N bonds in N-alkylamines with O2 molecules. Experimental results and DFT calculation revealed that ZnN4-SAC not only activates O2 to generate superoxide radicals (·O2 -) for the oxidation of N-alkylamines to generate imine intermediates (C=N), but the single Zn atoms also served as the Lewis acid sites to promote the cleavage of C=N bonds in imine intermediates, including the first addition of H2O to generate α-hydroxylamine intermediates and the following C-N bond cleavage via a H atom transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhong Qin
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central
Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bo Han
- Sustainable
Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central
Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiabao Nie
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central
Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chensheng Xian
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central
Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zehui Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central
Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
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3
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Ou Yang CH, Liu WH, Yang S, Chiang YY, Shie JJ. Copper‐Mediated Synthesis of (E)‐β‐Aminoacrylonitriles from 1,2,3‐Triazine and Secondary Amines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheng Yang
- Academia Sinica Institute of Chemistry TAIWAN
| | | | - Jiun-Jie Shie
- Academia Sinica Institute of Chemistry 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang 11529 Taipei TAIWAN
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4
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Niu X, Yang L. Manganese(III) Acetate Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenation of Tertiary Indolines, Tetrahydroquinolines and an
N
‐Unsubstituted Indoline. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for the Manufacture of Fluorine and Silicone Fine Chemicals and Materials Hangzhou Normal University 311121 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for the Manufacture of Fluorine and Silicone Fine Chemicals and Materials Hangzhou Normal University 311121 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou People's Republic of China
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Roeder GJ, Kelly HR, Yang G, Bauer TJ, Haller GL, Batista VS, Baráth E. Selective Heterogeneous Transfer Hydrogenation from Tertiary Amines to Alkynes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J. Roeder
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraβe 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - H. Ray Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Guoju Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraβe 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraβe 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Gary L. Haller
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraβe 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave., P.O. Box 208286, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Eszter Baráth
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraβe 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
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6
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Chapp SM, Schley ND. Group-Transfer Reactions of a Cationic Iridium Alkoxycarbene Generated by Ether Dehydrogenation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7143-7149. [PMID: 32330012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite broad interest in metal carbene complexes, there remain few examples of catalytic transformations of ethers that proceed via alkoxycarbene intermediates generated by α,α-dehydrogenation. We demonstrate that both neutral and cationic alkoxycarbene derivatives are accessible via ether dehydrogenation at a PNP(iPr)4 pincer-supported iridium complex (PNP(iPr)4 = 2,6-bis((diisopropylphosphino)methyl)pyridine). Both cationic and neutral alkoxycarbene complexes undergo group transfer imination with azides, with the cationic derivative serving as a more efficient catalyst for cyclopentyl ether imination. Mechanistic studies support an iridium(I)dinitrogen complex as the resting state in the dark and a role for light-promoted N2 dissociation. Isoamyl nitrite and phenyl ethyl ketene are also found to engage with the cationic alkoxycarbene complex in formal alkoxide and O atom transfer reactions, respectively. In the former case an isolable dialkoxyalkyliridium complex is obtained, representing only the second example of a structurally characterized dialkoxyalkyl complex of a transition metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Chapp
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 27235 United States
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 27235 United States
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Lu YJ, Zhang X, Malakar S, Krogh-Jespersen K, Hasanayn F, Goldman AS. Formation of Enamines via Catalytic Dehydrogenation by Pincer-Iridium Complexes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3020-3028. [PMID: 31990556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Di-isopropylphosphino-substituted pincer-ligated iridium catalysts are found to be significantly more effective for the dehydrogenation of simple tertiary amines to give enamines than the previously reported di-t-butylphosphino-substituted species. It is also found that the di-isopropylphosphino-substituted complexes catalyze dehydrogenation of several β-functionalized tertiary amines to give the corresponding 1,2-difunctionalized olefins. The di-t-butylphosphino-substituted species are ineffective for such substrates; presumably, the marked difference is attributable to the lesser crowding of the di-isopropylphosphino-substituted catalysts. Experimentally determined kinetic isotope effects in conjunction with DFT-based analysis support a dehydrogenation mechanism involving initial pre-equilibrium oxidative addition of the amine α-C-H bond followed by rate-determining elimination of the β-C-H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong J Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Xiawei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Santanu Malakar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Karsten Krogh-Jespersen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Alan S Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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