1
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Lee U, Park K, Chang S, Cho M, Lee J. Feasibility evaluation of near dissolved organic matter microfiltration (NDOM MF) for the efficient removal of microplastics in the water treatment process. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141882. [PMID: 38582163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Microfiltration (MF) using membranes with a mean pore size smaller than 0.45 μm has generally been used for particle removal from water, given that materials larger and smaller than 0.45 μm are regarded as particulates and dissolved organic matter (DOM), respectively. It is also the case for removing small-size microplastics (MPs). However, given their sizes (ca. 1 μm), there is room for further improvement of the productivity (i.e., water flux) in the pore size range of 0.45-1 μm on the condition that the removal rate is maintained. With this in mind, MF's water flux and removal rate were tested using seven different MF membranes, and the right pore, with the size of 0.8 μm, was found for MP removal, which is called near DOM (NDOM) MF. In the filtration test using polystyrene surrogate beads with an average particle diameter of 1.20 μm, NDOM MF exhibited a 1.7 to 13 times higher permeate flux than the conventional MF using 0.1, 0.2, and 0.45 μm membranes while maintaining a higher removal rate than 2 log. The excellent removal rate of the NDOM MF was attributable to the following three factors: (1) smaller mean pore size than the average particle diameter, (2) particle screening effect enhanced by the secondary layer formed by surface deposition, and (3) 3D mesh sublayer structure favorable for capturing penetrated particles. Furthermore, the outstanding filtration performance also appeared in a low-temperature (< 10°C) process, demonstrating that NDOM MF is feasible independently of temperature. Additionally, in constant flux filtration, NDOM MF demonstrated the long-term feasibility by lowering the transmembrane pressure and specific filtration energy by more than 2 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uje Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongyeon Park
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Chang
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewoo Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Amara I, Germershaus O, Lentes C, Sass S, Youmto SM, Stracke JO, Clemens-Hemmelmann M, Assfalg A. Comparison of Protein-like Model Particles Fabricated by Micro 3D Printing to Established Standard Particles. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00137-0. [PMID: 38615817 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Innovative analytical instruments and development of new methods has provided a better understanding of protein particle formation in biopharmaceuticals but have also challenged the ability to obtain reproducible and reliable measurements. The need for protein-like particle standards mimicking the irregular shape, translucent nature and near-to-neutral buoyancy of protein particles remained one of the hot topics in the field of particle detection and characterization in biopharmaceutical formulations. An innovative protein-like particle model has been developed using two photo polymerization (2PP) printing allowing to fabricate irregularly shaped particles with similar properties as protein particles at precise size of 50 µm and 150 µm, representative of subvisible particles and visible particles, respectively. A study was conducted to compare the morphological, physical, and optical properties of artificially generated protein particles, polystyrene spheres, ETFE, and SU-8 particle standards, along with newly developed protein-like model particles manufactured using 2PP printing. Our results suggest that 2PP printing can be used to produce protein-like particle standards that might facilitate harmonization and standardization of subvisible and visible protein particle characterization across laboratories and organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Amara
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharmaceutical Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4059 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Germershaus
- Institute of Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
| | - Christopher Lentes
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharmaceutical Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Steffen Sass
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stephany Mamdjo Youmto
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jan Olaf Stracke
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, Pharmaceutical Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Clemens-Hemmelmann
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, Pharmaceutical Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anacelia Assfalg
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, Pharmaceutical Technical Development Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Bock F, Hu A, Cicale V, Larsen SW, Lu X, Østergaard J. Development of UV-Vis Imaging Compatible Chromatographic Matrix with Application for Injectable Formulation Characterization. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15861-15866. [PMID: 37857348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Transport within human tissue matrices, e.g., the subcutaneous tissue, exhibits some resemblance to chromatographic processes. Here, a porous matrix comprising agarose beads compatible with UV-vis imaging was developed for a parallel piped rectangular flow cell (4 mm light path). Introduction of high-molecular weight dextrans (Mr ∼ 200000 and ∼500000) at 10% (w/v) rendered imaging possible by providing optical clearing of the turbid porous matrix, resulting in improved transmittance as well as resolution (from 400 to 180 μm) at 280 nm, as well as 520 nm. The interplay between diffusive and convective transport at 0 < Pe ≤ 28 was visualized at 280 nm upon injection of dexamethasone suspensions. Real-time UV-vis imaging showed in-flow cell the effect of incorporating ion-exchange resins on the retention of infliximab, lysozyme, and α-lactalbumin. The ion-exchange matrix may serve as a surrogate for polyelectrolytes in the subcutaneous tissue, assessing the potential role of electrostatic interactions of biotherapeutics upon injection. UV-vis imaging of size-exclusion chromatographic matrixes may be of interest in its own right and potentially develop into a characterization tool for injectables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Bock
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angela Hu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Drug Product Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Vincent Cicale
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Drug Product Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Susan Weng Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xujin Lu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Drug Product Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Fonseca J, Meng L, Moronta P, Imaz I, López C, Maspoch D. Assembly of Covalent Organic Frameworks into Colloidal Photonic Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20163-20168. [PMID: 37672353 PMCID: PMC10515629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal particles into ordered superstructures is an important strategy to discover new materials, such as catalysts, plasmonic sensing materials, storage systems, and photonic crystals (PhCs). Here we show that porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be used as colloidal building particles to fabricate porous PhCs with an underlying face-centered cubic (fcc) arrangement. We demonstrate that the Bragg reflection of these can be tuned by controlling the size of the COF particles and that species can be adsorbed within the pores of the COF particles, which in turn alters the Bragg reflection. Given the vast number of existing COFs, with their rich properties and broad modularity, we expect that our discovery will enable the development of colloidal PhCs with unprecedented functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fonseca
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lingxin Meng
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Moronta
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cefe López
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Nyakuchena M, Juntunen C, Shea P, Sung Y. Refractive index dispersion measurement in the short-wave infrared range using synthetic phase microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23141-23149. [PMID: 37603384 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03158f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Refractive index is an optical property explored in the light scattering measurement of micro- and nano-particles as well as in label-free imaging of cells and tissues. Because the refractive index value is a major input to the characterization and quantification of the analyzed specimens, various methods have been developed targeting at different sample types. In this paper, we demonstrate a technique for the refractive index measurement of homogeneous microspheres and liquids in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) range. We use synthetic phase microscopy (SPM), which records a scattering-corrected projection of the 3D refractive index distribution, in combination with a least-squares fitting to a theoretical model of a sphere. Using the method, we determine the refractive index dispersion of two polymer microspheres (polymethyl methacrylate and polystyrene), two glass microspheres (silica and soda lime), and three microscopy mounting media (glycerol, FluorSave, and Eukitt) in the SWIR range of 1100-1650 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Nyakuchena
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Cory Juntunen
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Peter Shea
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Yongjin Sung
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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6
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Vonk SJW, van Swieten TP, Cocina A, Rabouw FT. Photonic Artifacts in Ratiometric Luminescence Nanothermometry. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37450686 PMCID: PMC10375589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing developments in science and technology require temperature measurements at increasingly higher spatial resolutions. Nanocrystals with temperature-sensitive luminescence are a popular thermometer for these applications offering high precision and remote read-out. Here, we demonstrate that ratiometric luminescence thermometry experiments may suffer from systematic errors in nanostructured environments. We place lanthanide-based luminescent nanothermometers at controlled distances of up to 600 nm from a Au surface. Although this geometry supports no absorption or scattering resonances, distortion of the emission spectra of the thermometers due to the modified density of optical states results in temperature read-out errors of up to 250 K. Our simple analytical model explains the effects of thermometer emission frequencies, experimental equipment, and sample properties on the magnitude of the errors. We discuss the relevance of our findings in several experimental scenarios. Such errors do not always occur, but they are expected in measurements near reflecting interfaces or scattering objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander J W Vonk
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas P van Swieten
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ario Cocina
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Lee U, Jang ES, Lee S, Kim HJ, Kang CW, Cho M, Lee J. Near dissolved organic matter microfiltration (NDOM MF) coupled with UVC LED disinfection to maximize the efficiency of water treatment for the removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119731. [PMID: 36822110 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfiltration (MF) membranes with a mean pore size same as or smaller than 0.45 µm have been typically used to separate pathogenic protozoa in water since materials larger than 0.45 µm are considered particulates. However, 0.45 µm is too small to separate protozoa which are 4-6 µm (Cryptosporidium oocyst) or 8-15 µm (Giardia cyst) in size. In this study, we optimized the mean pore size of MF membranes to maximize the producibility and guarantee a high removal rate simultaneously and proposed the membrane filtration using an MF membrane with an optimum mean pore size larger than but close to dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is called near DOM MF (NDOM MF). According to the MF test using polystyrene surrogate beads with diameters of 3 and 8 µm, an MF membrane with a 0.8 µm mean pore size was the best in that it showed 52% to 146% higher water fluxes than a 0.45 µm MF membrane while maintaining the removal rate at 3-4 log. It was also the case for a low-temperature MF test, revealing the NDOM MF is highly effective regardless of temperature changes. Lastly, we tried to find the possibility of combining the NDOM MF with disinfection by an ultraviolet light emitting diode (UVC LED) to further guarantee the high quality of treated water while providing high process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uje Lee
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Jang
- Department of Housing Environmental Design and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Won Kang
- Department of Housing Environmental Design and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewoo Lee
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Yang B, Liu J, Xie Z, Zhang J, Wei X, Yang Y, Wu D, Gui H. Retrieval of refractive index of ultrafine single particle using hygroscopic growth factor obtained by high sensitive surface plasmon resonance microscopy. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:483-493. [PMID: 36503775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to different relative humidities (RHs), the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols will change because of changes in the aerosol particle size and complex refractive index (RI), which will affect haze formation and global climate change. The potential contributions of ultrafine particles to the atmospheric optical characteristics and to haze spreading cannot be ignored because of their high particle number concentrations and strong diffusibility; measurement of the optical properties of wet ultrafine particles is thus highly important for environmental assessment. Therefore, a surface plasmon resonance microscopy with azimuthal rotation illumination (SPRM-ARI) system is designed to determine the RIs of single particle aerosols with diameters of less than 100 nm in the hygroscopic growth process. Measurements are taken using mixed single particles with different mass ratios. The RIs of mixed single aerosols at different RHs are retrieved by measuring the scattering light intensity using the SPRM-ARI system and almost all the RIs of the bicomponent particles with different mass ratios decrease with increasing water content under high RH conditions. Finally, for each of the bicomponent particles, the maximum standard deviations for the retrieved RI values are only 2.06×10-3, 3.08×10-3 and 3.83×10-3, corresponding to the NaCl and NaNO3 bicomponent particles with a 3:1 mass ratio at 76.0% RH, the NaCl and glucose particles with a 1:3 mass ratio at 89.0% RH, and the NaCl and OA particles with a 1:1 mass ratio at 78.0% RH, respectively; these results indicate that the high-sensitivity SPRM-ARI system can measure the RI effectively and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhibo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Jiaoshi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Dexia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Huaqiao Gui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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9
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Marino E, Bharti H, Xu J, Kagan CR, Murray CB. Nanocrystal Superparticles with Whispering-Gallery Modes Tunable through Chemical and Optical Triggers. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4765-4773. [PMID: 35649039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery microresonators have the potential to become the building blocks for optical circuits. However, encoding information in an optical signal requires on-demand tuning of optical resonances. Tuning is achieved by modifying the cavity length or the refractive index of the microresonator. Due to their solid, nondeformable structure, conventional microresonators based on bulk materials are inherently difficult to tune. In this work, we fabricate irreversibly tunable optical microresonators by using semiconductor nanocrystals. These nanocrystals are first assembled into colloidal spherical superparticles featuring whispering-gallery modes. Exposing the superparticles to shorter ligands changes the nanocrystal surface chemistry, decreasing the cavity length of the microresonator by 20% and increasing the refractive index by 8.2%. Illuminating the superparticles with ultraviolet light initiates nanocrystal photo-oxidation, providing an orthogonal channel to decrease the refractive index of the microresonator in a continuous fashion. Through these approaches, we demonstrate optical microresonators tunable by several times their free spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Harshit Bharti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Paulus BC, Banh JK, Rector KD, Stein BW, Lilley LM. Whispering gallery mode resonators in continuous flow: spectral assignments and sensing with monodisperse microspheres. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1690-1697. [PMID: 35389420 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00181k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR) microspheres yield highly structured optical spectra that are extremely sensitive to their environment and are of intense interest for use in a variety of sensing applications. Many efforts to leverage the unique sensitivities of WGMRs have relied on stringent experimental requirements to correlate specific spectral shifts/changes to an analyte/stimulus such as (1) precise positional knowledge, (2) reference spectra for each microsphere, and (3) high mechanical stability. Consequently, these factors can hinder adequate mixing or incorporation of analytes and can create challenges for remote sensing. This work describes a continuous flow technique for measuring whispering gallery mode (WGM) spectra of dye-doped microspheres suspended in solution and an accompanying analysis scheme that can extract the local refractive index without a priori knowledge of the microsphere size and position and without a reference spectrum. This measurement technique and analysis scheme was shown to accurately measure the refractive index of a range of alcohol and saline solutions down to a few thousandths of a refractive index unit (RIU). Additionally, a spectral clustering algorithm was applied to the fit results of two batches of microspheres suspended in water and was able to accurately assign spectra back to either batch of microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Paulus
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Jenny K Banh
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Kirk D Rector
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Laura M Lilley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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11
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Yang Y, Yuan W, Hou J, You Z. Review on physical and chemical factors affecting fines migration in porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 214:118172. [PMID: 35196620 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Permeability reduction and formation damage in porous media caused by fines (defined as unconfined solid particles present in the pore spaces) migration is one of the major reasons for productivity decline. It is well accepted that particle detachment occurs under imbalanced torques arising from hydrodynamic and adhesive forces exerted on attached particles. This paper reviewed current understanding on primary factors influencing fines migration as well as mathematical formulations for quantification. We also introduced salinity-related experimental observations that contradict theoretical predictions based on torque balance criteria, such as delayed particle release and attachment-detachment hysteresis. The delay of particle release during low-salinity water injection was successfully explained and formulated by the Nernst-Planck diffusion of ions in a narrow contact area. In addition to the widely recognized explanation by surface heterogeneity and the presence of low-velocity regions, we proposed a hypothesis that accounts for the shifting of equilibrium positions, providing new insight into the interpretation of elusive attachment-detachment hysteresis both physically and mathematically. The review was finalized by discussing the quantification of anomalous salinity effect on adhesion force at low- and high-salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102200, China.
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Jirui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Zhenjiang You
- Center for Sustainable Energy and Resources, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Natural Gas, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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12
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Lu T, Lee CH, Anvari B. Morphological Characteristics, Hemoglobin Content, and Membrane Mechanical Properties of Red Blood Cell Delivery Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18219-18232. [PMID: 35417121 PMCID: PMC9926936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC)-based systems are under extensive development as platforms for the delivery of various biomedical agents. While the importance of the membrane biochemical characteristics in relation to circulation kinetics of RBC delivery systems has been recognized, the membrane mechanical properties of such carriers have not been extensively studied. Using optical methods in conjunction with image analysis and mechanical modeling, we have quantified the morphological and membrane mechanical characteristics of RBC-derived microparticles containing the near-infrared cargo indocyanine green (ICG). We find that these particles have a significantly lower surface area, volume, and deformability as compared to normal RBCs. The residual hemoglobin has a spatially distorted distribution in the particles. The membrane bending modulus of the particles is about twofold higher as compared to normal RBCs and exhibits greater resistance to flow. The induced increase in the viscous characteristics of the membrane is dominant over the elastic and entropic effects of ICG. Our results suggest that changes to the membrane mechanical properties are a result of impaired membrane-cytoskeleton attachment in these particles. We provide a mechanistic explanation to suggest that the compromised membrane-cytoskeleton attachment and altered membrane compositional and structural asymmetry induce curvature changes to the membrane, resulting in mechanical remodeling of the membrane. These findings highlight the importance of membrane mechanical properties as an important criterion in the design and engineering of future generations of RBC-based delivery systems to achieve prolonged circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thompson Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chi-Hua Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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13
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Liu S, Lv M, Li H, Wang S, Feng C, Wang X, Hu W, Wang W. Optical Imaging of the Molecular Mobility of Single Polystyrene Nanospheres. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1267-1273. [PMID: 35014804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ultrathin surface layer with extraordinary molecular mobility has been discovered and intensively investigated on thin-film polymer materials for decades. However, because of the lack of suitable characterization techniques, it remains largely unexplored whether such a surface mobile layer also exists on individual polymeric nanospheres. Here, we propose a thermal-optical imaging technique to determine the glass transition (Tg) and rubber-fluid transition (Tf) temperatures of single isolated polystyrene nanospheres (PSNS) in a high-throughput and nonintrusive manner for the first time. Two distinct steps, corresponding to the glass transition and rubber-fluid transition, respectively, were clearly observed in the optical trace of single PSNS during temperature ramping. Because the transition temperature and size of the same individuals were both determined, single nanoparticle measurements revealed the reduced apparent Tf and increased Tg of single PSNS on the gold substrate with a decreasing radius from 130 to 70 nm. Further experiments revealed that the substrate effect played an important role in the increased Tg. More importantly, a gradual decrease in the optical signal was detected prior to the glass transition, which was consistent with a surface layer with enhanced molecular mobility. Quantitative analysis further revealed the thickness of this layer to be ∼8 nm. This work not only uncovered the existence and thickness of a surface mobile layer in single isolated nanospheres but also demonstrated a general bottom-up strategy to investigate the structure-property relationship of polymeric nanomaterials by correlating the thermal property (Tg and Tf) and structural features (size) at single nanoparticle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengqi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengdong Feng
- State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Piszko M, Schaible T, Bonten C, Fröba AP. Mutual and Thermal Diffusivities in Polystyrene Melts with Dissolved Nitrogen by Dynamic Light Scattering. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Piszko
- Institute of Advanced Optical Technologies—Thermophysical Properties (AOT-TP), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (CBI) and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Straße 8, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaible
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Bonten
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas P. Fröba
- Institute of Advanced Optical Technologies—Thermophysical Properties (AOT-TP), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (CBI) and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Paul-Gordan-Straße 8, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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