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Wu H, Payne AM, Pang HW, Menon A, Grambow CA, Ranasinghe DS, Dong X, Grinberg Dana A, Green WH. Toward Accurate Quantum Mechanical Thermochemistry: (1) Extensible Implementation and Comparison of Bond Additivity Corrections and Isodesmic Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4335-4352. [PMID: 38752854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Obtaining accurate enthalpies of formation of chemical species, ΔHf, often requires empirical corrections that connect the results of quantum mechanical (QM) calculations with the experimental enthalpies of elements in their standard state. One approach is to use atomization energy corrections followed by bond additivity corrections (BACs), such as those defined by Petersson et al. or Anantharaman and Melius. Another approach is to utilize isodesmic reactions (IDRs) as shown by Buerger et al. We implement both approaches in Arkane, an open-source software that can calculate species thermochemistry using results from various QM software packages. In this work, we collect 421 reference species from the literature to derive ΔHf corrections and fit atomization energy corrections and BACs for 15 commonly used model chemistries. We find that both types of BACs yield similar accuracy, although Anantharaman- and Melius-type BACs appear to generalize better. Furthermore, BACs tend to achieve better accuracy than IDRs for commonly used model chemistries, and IDRs can be less robust because of the sensitivity to the chosen reference species and reactions. Overall, Anantharaman- and Melius-type BACs are our recommended approach for achieving accurate QM corrections for enthalpies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - A Mark Payne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hao-Wei Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Angiras Menon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Colin A Grambow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Duminda S Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiaorui Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alon Grinberg Dana
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering and Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - William H Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Melnikov IN, Pivkina AN, Kiselev VG. New Mechanistic Insights into the Primary Thermolysis Reactions of 1,3,4,6-Tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5- d]imidazole (BCHMX) from Predictive Local Coupled Cluster Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10860-10871. [PMID: 38039193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical studies of the decomposition mechanism of energetic materials quite often scrutinize only the primary thermolysis reactions. However, the secondary reactions are crucial, inter alia, for proper building of the combustion models and understanding the autocatalytic processes. In the present study, we applied predictive DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations to elucidate the kinetics and decomposition mechanism of a novel promising energetic material, 1,3,4,6-tetranitrooctahydroimidazo [4,5-d] imidazole (BCHMX). We identified eight previously unknown BCHMX conformers, both cis and trans in accordance to the spatial position of the H atoms bonded to a carbon bridge. Among them, the relative enthalpies of cis isomers lie in the narrow range ∼10 kJ mol-1 rendering them thermally accessible in the course of decomposition. The radical N-NO2 bond cleavage via one of the novel conformers is the dominant primary decomposition channel of BCHMX with the kinetic parameters Ea = 168.4 kJ mol-1 and log(A, s-1) = 18.5. We also resolved several contradictory assumptions on the mechanism and key intermediates of BCHMX thermolysis. To get a deeper understanding of the decomposition mechanism, we examined a series of unimolecular and bimolecular secondary channels of BCHMX. Among the former reactions, the C-C bond unzipping followed by another radical elimination of a nitro group is the most energetically favorable pathway with an activation barrier ∼113 kJ mol-1. However, contrary to the literature assumptions, the bimolecular H atom abstraction from a pristine BCHMX molecule by a primary nitramine radical product, not the nitro one, followed by another NO2 radical elimination, is the most important bimolecular secondary thermolysis reaction of BCHMX at lower temperatures. The isokinetic temperature of the bimolecular and unimolecular secondary reactions is ∼620 K. Unimolecular reactions might be important in dilute solutions, where bimolecular reactions are suppressed. The secondary reactions considered in the present work might be pertinent in the case of related energetic nitramines (e.g., RDX, HMX, and CL-20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Rzhevskiy SA, Minaeva LI, Topchiy MA, Melnikov IN, Kiselev VG, Pivkina AN, Fomenkov IV, Asachenko AF. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of High-Energy Fillers Derived from Nitroisobutylglycerol. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8541. [PMID: 37239887 PMCID: PMC10218491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a comprehensive laboratory synthesis of a series of energetic azidonitrate derivatives (ANDP, SMX, AMDNNM, NIBTN, NPN, 2-nitro-1,3-dinitro-oxypropane) starting from the readily available nitroisobutylglycerol. This simple protocol allows obtaining the high-energy additives from the available precursor in yields higher than those reported using safe and simple operations not presented in previous works. A detailed characterization of the physical, chemical, and energetic properties including impact sensitivity and thermal behavior of these species was performed for the systematic evaluation and comparison of the corresponding class of energetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Rzhevskiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.R.); (L.I.M.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Lidiya I. Minaeva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.R.); (L.I.M.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Maxim A. Topchiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.R.); (L.I.M.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Igor N. Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.)
| | - Vitaly G. Kiselev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.)
| | - Igor V. Fomenkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey F. Asachenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.R.); (L.I.M.); (M.A.T.)
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4
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Melnikov IN, Kiselev VG, Dalinger IL, Starosotnikov AM, Muravyev NV, Pivkina AN. Thermochemistry, Tautomerism, and Thermal Stability of 5,7-Dinitrobenzotriazoles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065330. [PMID: 36982405 PMCID: PMC10049112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro derivatives of benzotriazoles are safe energetic materials with remarkable thermal stability. In the present study, we report on the kinetics and mechanism of thermal decomposition for 5,7-dinitrobenzotriazole (DBT) and 4-amino-5,7-dinitrobenzotriazole (ADBT). The pressure differential scanning calorimetry was employed to study the decomposition kinetics of DBT experimentally because the measurements under atmospheric pressure are disturbed by competing evaporation. The thermolysis of DBT in the melt is described by a kinetic scheme with two global reactions. The first stage is a strong autocatalytic process that includes the first-order reaction (Ea1I = 173.9 ± 0.9 kJ mol−1, log(A1I/s−1) = 12.82 ± 0.09) and the catalytic reaction of the second order with Ea2I = 136.5 ± 0.8 kJ mol−1, log(A2I/s−1) = 11.04 ± 0.07. The experimental study was complemented by predictive quantum chemical calculations (DLPNO-CCSD(T)). The calculations reveal that the 1H tautomer is the most energetically preferable form for both DBT and ADBT. Theory suggests the same decomposition mechanisms for DBT and ADBT, with the most favorable channels being nitro-nitrite isomerization and C–NO2 bond cleavage. The former channel has lower activation barriers (267 and 276 kJ mol−1 for DBT and ADBT, respectively) and dominates at lower temperatures. At the same time, due to the higher preexponential factor, the radical bond cleavage, with reaction enthalpies of 298 and 320 kJ mol−1, dominates in the experimental temperature range for both DBT and ADBT. In line with the theoretical predictions of C–NO2 bond energies, ADBT is more thermally stable than DBT. We also determined a reliable and mutually consistent set of thermochemical values for DBT and ADBT by combining the theoretically calculated (W1-F12 multilevel procedure) gas-phase enthalpies of formation and experimentally measured sublimation enthalpies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N. Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly G. Kiselev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Department, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor L. Dalinger
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nikita V. Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-137-8203
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Jia MX, Wang QD, Ren XF, Kang GJ. Benchmarking Composite Methods for Thermodynamic Properties of Nitro, Nitrite, and Nitrate Species Relevant to Energetic Materials. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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6
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Energetic [1,2,5]oxadiazolo [2,3- a]pyrimidin-8-ium Perchlorates: Synthesis and Characterization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238443. [PMID: 36500539 PMCID: PMC9740163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient method to access the above perchlorates has been developed, based on the cyclocondensation of 3-aminofurazans with 1,3-diketones in the presence of HClO4. All compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure determinations. Initial safety testing (impact and friction sensitivity) and thermal stability measurements (DSC/DTA) were also carried out. Energetic performance was calculated by using the PILEM code based on calculated enthalpies of formation and experimental densities at r.t. These salts exhibit excellent burn rates and combustion behavior and are promising ingredients for energetic materials.
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Muravyev NV, Gorn MV, Melnikov IN, Monogarov KA, Korsunskii BL, Dalinger IL, Pivkina AN, Kiselev VG. Autocatalytic decomposition of energetic materials: interplay of theory and thermal analysis in the study of 5-amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole thermolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16325-16342. [PMID: 35758846 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A reliable kinetic description of the thermal stability of energetic materials (EM) is very important for safety and storage-related problems. Among other pertinent issues, autocatalysis very often complicates the decomposition kinetics of EM. In the present study, the kinetics and decomposition mechanism of a promising energetic compound, 5-amino-3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazole (5-ADP) were studied using a set of complementary experimental (e.g., differential scanning calorimetry in the solid state, melt, and solution along with advanced thermokinetic models, accelerating rate calorimetry, and evolved gas analysis) and theoretical techniques (CCSD(T)-F12 and DLPNO-CCSD(T) predictive quantum chemical calculations). The experimental study revealed that the strong acceleration of the decomposition rate of 5-ADP is caused by two factors: the progressive liquefaction of the sample directly observed using in situ optical microscopy, and the autocatalysis by reaction products. For the first time, the processing of the non-isothermal data was performed with a formal Manelis-Dubovitsky kinetic model that accounts for both factors. With the aid of quantum chemical calculations, we have rationalized the autocatalysis present in the formal kinetic models at the molecular level. Theory revealed an unusual primary decomposition channel of 5-ADP, viz., the two subsequent sigmatropic H-shifts in the pyrazole ring followed by the C-NO2 bond scission yielding a pyrazolyl and nitrogen dioxide radicals as simple primary products. Moreover, we found the secondary reactions of the latter radical with the 5-ADP to be kinetically unimportant. On the contrary, the substituted pyrazolyl radical turned out to undergo a facile addition to 5-ADP, followed by a fast exothermic elimination of another ˙NO2 species. We believe the latter process to contribute remarkably to the observed autocatalytic behavior of 5-ADP. Most importantly, the calculations provide detailed mechanistic evidence complementing the thermoanalytical experiment and formal kinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Margarita V Gorn
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor N Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Monogarov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris L Korsunskii
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor L Dalinger
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Quantum-chemical calculations of physicochemical properties of high enthalpy 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,4,5-tetrazines annelated with polynitroderivatives of pyrrole and pyrazole. Comparison of different calculation methods. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Dorofeeva OV, Ryzhova ON. Accurate estimation of enthalpies of formation for C-, H-, O-, and N-containing compounds using DLPNO-CCSD(T1)/CBS method. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Muravyev NV, Monogarov KA, Melnikov IN, Pivkina AN, Kiselev VG. Learning to fly: thermochemistry of energetic materials by modified thermogravimetric analysis and highly accurate quantum chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15522-15542. [PMID: 34286759 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The standard state enthalpy of formation and the enthalpy of sublimation are essential thermochemical parameters determining the performance and application prospects of energetic materials (EM). Direct experimental measurements of these properties are complicated by low volatility and high heat release in bomb calorimetry experiments. As a result, the uncertainties in the reported enthalpies of formation for a number of even well-known CHNO-containing compounds might amount up to tens kJ mol-1, while for some novel high-nitrogen molecules they reach even hundreds of kJ mol-1. The present study reports a facile approach to determining the solid-state formation enthalpies comprised of complementary high-level quantum chemical calculations of the gas-phase thermochemistry and advanced thermal analysis techniques yielding sublimation enthalpies. The thermogravimetric procedure for the measurement of sublimation enthalpy was modified by using low external pressures (down to 0.2 Pa). This allows for observing sublimation/vaporization instead of thermal decomposition of the compounds studied. Extensive benchmarking on nonenergetic and energetic compounds reveals the average and maximal absolute errors of the sublimation enthalpies of 3.3 and 11.0 kJ mol-1, respectively. The comparison of the results with those obtained from the widely used Trouton-Williams empirical equation shows that the latter underestimates the sublimation enthalpy up to 140 kJ mol-1. Therefore, we performed a reparametrization of the latter equation with simple chemical descriptors that reduces the mean error down to 30 kJ mol-1. Highly accurate multi-level procedures W2-F12 and/or W1-F12 in conjunction with the atomization energy approach were used to calculate theoretically the gas-phase formation enthalpies. In several cases, the DLPNO-CCSD(T) enthalpies of isodesmic reactions were also employed to obtain the gas-phase thermochemistry for medium-sized important EMs. Combining the obtained thermochemical properties, we determined the solid-state enthalpies of formation for nearly 60 species containing various important explosophoric groups, from common nitroaromatics, nitroethers, and nitramines to novel nitrogen-rich heterocyclic species (e.g., the derivatives of pyrazole, tetrazole, furoxan, etc.). The large-scale benchmarking against the available experimental solid-state enthalpies of formation yielded the maximal inaccuracy of the proposed method of 25 kJ mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Monogarov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor N Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia. and Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia and Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Larin AA, Bystrov DM, Fershtat LL, Konnov AA, Makhova NN, Monogarov KA, Meerov DB, Melnikov IN, Pivkina AN, Kiselev VG, Muravyev NV. Nitro-, Cyano-, and Methylfuroxans, and Their Bis-Derivatives: From Green Primary to Melt-Cast Explosives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245836. [PMID: 33322001 PMCID: PMC7764251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we studied in detail the thermochemistry, thermal stability, mechanical sensitivity, and detonation performance for 20 nitro-, cyano-, and methyl derivatives of 1,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxide (furoxan), along with their bis-derivatives. For all species studied, we also determined the reliable values of the gas-phase formation enthalpies using highly accurate multilevel procedures W2-F12 and/or W1-F12 in conjunction with the atomization energy approach and isodesmic reactions with the domain-based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) modifications of the coupled-cluster techniques. Apart from this, we proposed reliable benchmark values of the formation enthalpies of furoxan and a number of its (azo)bis-derivatives. Additionally, we reported the previously unknown crystal structure of 3-cyano-4-nitrofuroxan. Among the monocyclic compounds, 3-nitro-4-cyclopropyl and dicyano derivatives of furoxan outperformed trinitrotoluene, a benchmark melt-cast explosive, exhibited decent thermal stability (decomposition temperature >200 °C) and insensitivity to mechanical stimuli while having notable volatility and low melting points. In turn, 4,4′-azobis-dicarbamoyl furoxan is proposed as a substitute of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, a benchmark brisant high explosive. Finally, the application prospects of 3,3′-azobis-dinitro furoxan, one of the most powerful energetic materials synthesized up to date, are limited due to the tremendously high mechanical sensitivity of this compound. Overall, the investigated derivatives of furoxan comprise multipurpose green energetic materials, including primary, secondary, melt-cast, low-sensitive explosives, and an energetic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Larin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.M.B.); (L.L.F.); (A.A.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Dmitry M. Bystrov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.M.B.); (L.L.F.); (A.A.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Leonid L. Fershtat
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.M.B.); (L.L.F.); (A.A.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Alexey A. Konnov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.M.B.); (L.L.F.); (A.A.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Nina N. Makhova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.M.B.); (L.L.F.); (A.A.K.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Konstantin A. Monogarov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
| | - Dmitry B. Meerov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
| | - Igor N. Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
| | - Vitaly G. Kiselev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V. Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.M.); (D.B.M.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.P.); (V.G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-137-8203
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12
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Vaddypally S, Kiselev VG, Byrne AN, Goldsmith CF, Zdilla MJ. Transition-metal-mediated reduction and reversible double-cyclization of cyanuric triazide to an asymmetric bitetrazolate involving cleavage of the six-membered aromatic ring. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2268-2275. [PMID: 34163993 PMCID: PMC8179262 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04949b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanuric triazide reacts with several transition metal precursors, extruding one equivalent of N2 and reducing the putative diazidotriazeneylnitrene species by two electrons, which rearranges to N-(1'H-[1,5'-bitetrazol]-5-yl)methanediiminate (biTzI2-) dianionic ligand, which ligates the metal and dimerizes, and is isolated from pyridine as [M(biTzI)]2Py6 (M = Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni). Reagent scope, product analysis, and quantum chemical calculations were combined to elucidate the mechanism of formation as a two-electron reduction preceding ligand rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- School of Engineering, Brown University 184 Hope St. Providence RI 02912 USA .,Novosibirsk State University 1 Pirogova Str. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia.,Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS 3 Institutskaya Str. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia.,Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS 4 Kosygina Str. 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alex N Byrne
- Temple University 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
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Minenkova I, Osina EL, Cavallo L, Minenkov Y. Gas-Phase Thermochemistry of MX 3 and M 2X 6 (M = Sc, Y; X = F, Cl, Br, I) from a Composite Reaction-Based Approach: Homolytic versus Heterolytic Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17084-17095. [PMID: 33210914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A domain-based local-pair natural-orbital coupled-cluster approach with single, double, and improved linear-scaling perturbative triple correction via an iterative algorithm, DLPNO-CCSD(T1), was applied within the framework of the Feller-Peterson-Dixon approach to derive gas-phase heats of formation of scandium and yttrium trihalides and their dimers via a set of homolytic and heterolytic dissociation reactions. All predicted heats of formation moderately depend on the reaction type with the most and least negative values obtained for homolytic and heterolytic dissociation, respectively. The basis set size dependence, as well as the influence of static correlation effects not covered by the standard (DLPNO-)CCSD(T) approach, suggests that exploitation of the heterolytic dissociation reactions with the formation of M3+ and X- ions leads to the most robust heats of formation. The gas-phase formation enthalpies ΔHf°(0 K)/ΔHf°(298.15 K) and absolute entropies S°(298.15 K) were obtained for the first time for the Sc2F6, Sc2Br6, and Sc2I6 species. For ScBr3, ScI3, Sc2Cl6, and Y2Cl6, we suggest a reexamination of the experimental heats of formation available in the literature. For other compounds, the predicted values were found to be in good agreement with the experimental estimates. Extracted MX3 (M = Sc, Y; X = F, Cl, Br, and I) 0 K atomization enthalpies indicate weaker bonding when moving from fluorine to iodine and from yttrium to scandium. Likewise, the stability of yttrium trihalide dimers degrades when going from fluorine to iodine. Respective scandium trihalide dimers are less stable, with 0 K dimer dissociation energy decreasing in the row fluorine - chlorine - bromine ≈ iodine. Correlation of the (n - 1)s2p6 electrons on bromine and iodine, inclusion of zero-point energy, relativistic effects, and the effective-core-potential correction as well as amelioration of the DLPNO localization inaccuracy are shown to be of similar magnitude, which is critical if accurate heats of formation are a goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Minenkova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Evgeniya L Osina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13-2 Izhorskaya Street, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yury Minenkov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13-2 Izhorskaya Street, Moscow 125412, Russia.,N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Gorn MV, Gritsan NP, Goldsmith CF, Kiselev VG. Thermal Stability of Bis-Tetrazole and Bis-Triazole Derivatives with Long Catenated Nitrogen Chains: Quantitative Insights from High-Level Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7665-7677. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita V. Gorn
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nina P. Gritsan
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - C. Franklin Goldsmith
- Brown University, School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Vitaly G. Kiselev
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Brown University, School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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