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Jana S, Do TN, Nowakowski PJ, Khyasudeen MF, Le DV, Lim IJY, Prasad S, Zhang J, Tan HS. Measuring the Ultrafast Correlation Dynamics of a Multilevel System Using the Center Line Slope Analysis in Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7309-7322. [PMID: 37579317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In a two-dimensional (2D) optical spectrum of a multilevel system, there are diagonal peaks and off-diagonal cross-peaks that correlate the different levels. The time-dependent properties of these diagonal peaks and cross-peaks contain much information about the dynamics of the multilevel system. The time-dependent diagonal peakshape that depends on the spectral diffusion dynamics of the associated transition and characterized by the frequency-fluctuation correlation function (FFCF) is well studied. However, the time-dependent peakshape of a cross-peak that provides the correlation dynamics between different transitions is much less studied or understood. We derived the third-order nonlinear response functions that describe the cross-peaks in a 2D electronic spectrum of a multilevel system that arise from processes sharing a common ground state and/or from internal conversion and population transfer. We can use the center line slope (CLS) analysis to characterize the cross-peaks in conjunction with the diagonal peaks. This allows us to recover the frequency-fluctuation cross-correlation functions (FXCFs) between two transitions. The FXCF and its subsidiary quantities such as the initial correlation and the initial covariance between different transitions are important for studying the correlation effects between states in complex systems, such as energy-transfer processes. Furthermore, knowledge of how various molecular processes over different timescales affect simultaneously different transitions can also be obtained from the measured FXCF. We validated and tested our derived equations and analysis process by studying, as an example, the 2D electronic spectra of metal-free phthalocyanine in solution. We measured and analyzed the diagonal peaks of the Qx and Qy transitions and the cross-peaks between these two transitions of this multilevel electronic system and obtained the associated FFCFs and FXCFs. In this model system, we measured negative components of FXCF over the tens of picosecond timescale. This suggests that in phthalocyanine, the Qx and Qy transitions coupling with the solvent molecule motion are anticorrelated to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Jana
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Thanh Nhut Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Paweł J Nowakowski
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - M Faisal Khyasudeen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Duc Viet Le
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Ian Jing Yan Lim
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Sachin Prasad
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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Do TN, Nguyen HL, Caffarri S, Tan HS. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of the Q x to Q y relaxation of chlorophylls a in photosystem II core complex. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:145102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, we measured the Qx to Qy transfer dynamics of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) manifold in the photosystem II (PSII) monomeric core complex from Arabidopsis thaliana. A PSII monomeric core consists of 35 Chls a and no Chl b, thus allowing for a clear window to study Chl a Qx dynamics in a large pigment-protein complex. Initial excitation in the Qx band results in a transfer to the Qy band in less than 60 fs. Upon the ultrafast transfer, regardless of the excitation frequency within the Qx band, the quasi-transient absorption spectra are very similar. This observation indicates that Chl a’s Qx to Qy transfer is not frequency selective. Using a simple model, we determined that this is not due to the lifetime broadening of the ultrafast transfer but predominantly due to a lack of correlation between the PSII core complex’s Chl a Qx and Qy bands. We suggest the origin to be the intrinsic loss of correlation during the Qx to Qy internal conversion as observed in previous studies of molecular Chl a dissolved in solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Hoang Long Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, LGBP Team, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
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Gruber E, Teiwes R, Kjær C, Brøndsted Nielsen S, Andersen LH. Tuning fast excited-state decay by ligand attachment in isolated chlorophyll a. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:149-155. [PMID: 34901981 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state dynamics plays a key role for light harvesting and energy transport in photosynthetic proteins but it is nontrivial to separate the intrinsic photophysics of the light-absorbers (chlorophylls) from interactions with the protein matrix. Here we study chlorophyll a (4-coordinate complex) and axially ligated chlorophyll a (5-coordinate complex) isolated in vacuo applying mass spectrometry to shed light on the intrinsic dynamics in the absence of nearby chlorophylls, carotenoids, amino acids, and water molecules. The 4-coordinate complexes are tagged by quaternary ammonium ions while the charge is provided by a formate ligand in the case of 5-coordinate complexes. Regardless of excitation to the Soret band or the Q band, a fast ps decay is observed, which is ascribed to the decay of the lowest excited singlet state either by intersystem crossing (ISC) to nearby triplet states or by excited-state relaxation on the excited-state potential-energy surface. The lifetime of the first excited state is 15 ps with Mg2+ at the chlorophyll center, but only 1.7 ps when formate is attached to Mg2+. When the Soret band is excited, an initial sup-ps relaxation is observed which is ascribed to fast internal conversion to the first excited state. With respect to ISC, two factors seem to play a role for the reduced lifetime of the formate-chlorophyll complex: (i) The Mg ion is pulled out of the porphyrin plane thus reducing the symmetry of the chromophore, and (ii) the first excited state (Q band) and T3 are tuned almost into resonance by the ligand, which increases the singlet-triplet mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gruber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000C, Denmark.
| | - Ricky Teiwes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000C, Denmark.
| | - Christina Kjær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000C, Denmark.
| | | | - Lars H Andersen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000C, Denmark.
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Yoshida T, Watanabe K. Spectral Diffusion of Excitons in 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic-diimide (PTCDI) Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9350-9356. [PMID: 34375107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we study spectral diffusion of molecular excitons in thin films of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-diimide by using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). Temperature dependence of the spectral diffusion is studied from 105 to 471 K by analyzing the center line slope (CLS) of the ground-state bleach in the 2DES signal. A significant acceleration of the decay of the CLS with increasing the temperature is observed, which cannot be explained by a linear system-bath coupling model with a harmonic bath. We propose an anharmonic coupling model as the underlying mechanism, in which the exciton energy gap fluctuations by a high-frequency intramolecular vibration are enhanced by coupling with a low-frequency phonon mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Meech S. Virtual Issue on Ultrafast Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6037-6039. [PMID: 34134490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Hart SM, Chen WJ, Banal JL, Bricker WP, Dodin A, Markova L, Vyborna Y, Willard AP, Häner R, Bathe M, Schlau-Cohen GS. Engineering couplings for exciton transport using synthetic DNA scaffolds. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Do TN, Khyasudeen MF, Nowakowski PJ, Zhang Z, Tan HS. Measuring Ultrafast Spectral Diffusion and Correlation Dynamics by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3992-4000. [PMID: 31595651 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The frequency fluctuation correlation function (FFCF) measures the spectral diffusion of a state's transition while the frequency fluctuation cross-correlation function (FXCF) measures the correlation dynamics between the transitions of two separate states. These quantities contain a wealth of information on how the chromophores or excitonic states interact and couple with its environment and with each other. We summarize the experimental implementations and theoretical considerations of using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to characterize FFCFs and FXCFs. Applications can be found in systems such as the chlorophyll pigment molecules in light-harvesting complexes and CdSe nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - M Faisal Khyasudeen
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paweł J Nowakowski
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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