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Yang H, Shi Q, Wang Z, Chen X, Min F, Meng X, Tong P, Wu Y, Chen H. The Effect of Lipids on the Structure and Function of Egg Proteins in Response to Pasteurization. Foods 2025; 14:219. [PMID: 39856886 PMCID: PMC11764683 DOI: 10.3390/foods14020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 12/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of liquid eggs has failed to meet the expectations of the public due to growing concerns regarding food safety and health. It is well known that there are interactions between the components in liquid eggs, and the interaction effect on the structure and functional properties of the proteins and antigenicity remains unclear. To investigate egg component interactions, we focused on four major egg lipids, namely phosphatidylcholine, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, as well as four major egg proteins, including ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, ovomucoid, and lysozyme. The protein structural changes were analyzed using polypropylene gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism, ultraviolet absorption spectra, and exogenous fluorescence spectra, and the functional properties were assessed through solubility measurements and particle size analysis, while protein antigenicity was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All the results revealed that oleic acid had the most significant effect on proteins' secondary and tertiary structures, particularly affecting ovalbumin and ovotransferrin. Linoleic acid substantially increased the solubility of ovalbumin and ovomucoid, while palmitic acid significantly influenced the particle size of ovalbumin and lysozyme. Thus, we found that different lipids exhibit distinct effects on egg protein properties during pasteurization conditions, with oleic acid showing the most substantial impact on protein structure and antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (Z.W.); (X.C.); (F.M.); (X.M.); (P.T.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Special Medical Purposes Intended for Allergic Population, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (Z.W.); (X.C.); (F.M.); (X.M.); (P.T.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Special Medical Purposes Intended for Allergic Population, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (Z.W.); (X.C.); (F.M.); (X.M.); (P.T.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Special Medical Purposes Intended for Allergic Population, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (Z.W.); (X.C.); (F.M.); (X.M.); (P.T.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Special Medical Purposes Intended for Allergic Population, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fangfang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (Z.W.); (X.C.); (F.M.); (X.M.); (P.T.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Special Medical Purposes Intended for Allergic Population, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (Z.W.); (X.C.); (F.M.); (X.M.); (P.T.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Special Medical Purposes Intended for Allergic Population, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (Z.W.); (X.C.); (F.M.); (X.M.); (P.T.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Special Medical Purposes Intended for Allergic Population, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (Z.W.); (X.C.); (F.M.); (X.M.); (P.T.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Special Medical Purposes Intended for Allergic Population, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (Z.W.); (X.C.); (F.M.); (X.M.); (P.T.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Special Medical Purposes Intended for Allergic Population, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Castillo O, Mancillas J, Hughes W, Brancaleon L. Characterization of the interaction of metal-protoporphyrins photosensitizers with β- lactoglobulin. Biophys Chem 2023; 292:106918. [PMID: 36399946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the interaction of a series of metal-protoporphyrins (PPIXs) with bovine β- lactoglobulin (BLG) using a combination of optical spectroscopy and computational simulations. Unlike other studies, the simulations were not merely used to rationalize the experimental data but were employed to refine the experimental data itself. The study was carried out at two pH values, 5 and 9, where BLG is known to have different conformation dictated by the so-called Tanford transition which occurs near pH 7.5. The transition is postulated to regulate access to the interior binding cavity of the protein, thus the pH variation was used as a parameter to investigate whether PPIXs access the central cavity of BLG. The results of our study show that indeed binding increases significantly at alkaline pH, however, the increased affinity is not due to the accessibility of the central cavity. Instead, binding appears to be determined by the tendency of PPIXs to form large inhomogeneous aggregates at acidic pH which hinders interactions with proteins. The binding site determined through a combination of experimental and computational methods is located at the interface between two BLG monomers where the long α-helix segment of the protein face each other. This region is rich in positively charged Lys residues that interact with the propionic acid chains of the protoporphyrins. Establishing the modality of binding between protoporphyrins and BLG would have important consequences for the use of BLG:PPIX complexes in applications such as artificial photoreceptors, artificial metallo-enzymes, delivery of photosensitizers for phototherapy and even solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Castillo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - James Mancillas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - William Hughes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Lorenzo Brancaleon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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