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Stern HL, M Gilardoni C, Gu Q, Eizagirre Barker S, Powell OFJ, Deng X, Fraser SA, Follet L, Li C, Ramsay AJ, Tan HH, Aharonovich I, Atatüre M. A quantum coherent spin in hexagonal boron nitride at ambient conditions. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01887-z. [PMID: 38769205 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state spin-photon interfaces that combine single-photon generation and long-lived spin coherence with scalable device integration-ideally under ambient conditions-hold great promise for the implementation of quantum networks and sensors. Despite rapid progress reported across several candidate systems, those possessing quantum coherent single spins at room temperature remain extremely rare. Here we report quantum coherent control under ambient conditions of a single-photon-emitting defect spin in a layered van der Waals material, namely, hexagonal boron nitride. We identify that the carbon-related defect has a spin-triplet electronic ground-state manifold. We demonstrate that the spin coherence is predominantly governed by coupling to only a few proximal nuclei and is prolonged by decoupling protocols. Our results serve to introduce a new platform to realize a room-temperature spin qubit coupled to a multiqubit quantum register or quantum sensor with nanoscale sample proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Stern
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Photon Science Institute and Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Qiushi Gu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Oliver F J Powell
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaoxi Deng
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Louis Follet
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chi Li
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Ramsay
- Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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3
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Fischer M, Sajid A, Iles-Smith J, Hötger A, Miakota DI, Svendsen MK, Kastl C, Canulescu S, Xiao S, Wubs M, Thygesen KS, Holleitner AW, Stenger N. Combining experiments on luminescent centres in hexagonal boron nitride with the polaron model and ab initio methods towards the identification of their microscopic origin. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14215-14226. [PMID: 37594441 PMCID: PMC10472209 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01511d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) hosts luminescent centres with emission energies of ∼2 eV which exhibit pronounced phonon sidebands. We investigate the microscopic origin of these luminescent centres by combining ab initio calculations with non-perturbative open quantum system theory to study the emission and absorption properties of 26 defect transitions. Comparing the calculated line shapes with experiments we narrow down the microscopic origin to three carbon-based defects: C2CB, C2CN, and VNCB. The theoretical method developed enables us to calculate so-called photoluminescence excitation (PLE) maps, which show excellent agreement with our experiments. The latter resolves higher-order phonon transitions, thereby confirming both the vibronic structure of the optical transition and the phonon-assisted excitation mechanism with a phonon energy ∼170 meV. We believe that the presented experiments and polaron-based method accurately describe luminescent centres in hBN and will help to identify their microscopic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Fischer
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
- Centre for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ali Sajid
- Centre for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street Building, Manchester M1 3BB, UK
| | - Alexander Hötger
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Denys I Miakota
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Mark K Svendsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - Christoph Kastl
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stela Canulescu
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Sanshui Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
- Centre for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martijn Wubs
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
- Centre for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian S Thygesen
- Centre for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lynby, Denmark
| | - Alexander W Holleitner
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nicolas Stenger
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
- Centre for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Guo NJ, Li S, Liu W, Yang YZ, Zeng XD, Yu S, Meng Y, Li ZP, Wang ZA, Xie LK, Ge RC, Wang JF, Li Q, Xu JS, Wang YT, Tang JS, Gali A, Li CF, Guo GC. Coherent control of an ultrabright single spin in hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2893. [PMID: 37210408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a remarkable two-dimensional (2D) material that hosts solid-state spins and has great potential to be used in quantum information applications, including quantum networks. However, in this application, both the optical and spin properties are crucial for single spins but have not yet been discovered simultaneously for hBN spins. Here, we realize an efficient method for arraying and isolating the single defects of hBN and use this method to discover a new spin defect with a high probability of 85%. This single defect exhibits outstanding optical properties and an optically controllable spin, as indicated by the observed significant Rabi oscillation and Hahn echo experiments at room temperature. First principles calculations indicate that complexes of carbon and oxygen dopants may be the origin of the single spin defects. This provides a possibility for further addressing spins that can be optically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Song Li
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Post Office Box 49, H-1525Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yuan-Ze Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Shang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yu Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhao-An Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Lin-Ke Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Rong-Chun Ge
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Qiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jin-Shi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Jian-Shun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Adam Gali
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Post Office Box 49, H-1525Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
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