1
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Shukla A, Biswal AS, Chowdhury A, Halder R, Chatterjee S. Aggregation-Induced Modulation of Ground and Excited State Photophysics of 5-( tert-Butyl)-2-Hydroxy-1,3-Isophthalaldehyde (5- tBHI). J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5437-5453. [PMID: 38662934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
5-(tert-Butyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-isophthalaldehyde (5-tBHI) is a photochromic material susceptible to either excited state proton transfer or excited state intramolecular proton transfer, depending upon the solvent. However, it has also been found to aggregate in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. In this current study, based on the steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy, supported by crystallography, quantum chemical density functional theory calculation, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we report on the aggregation of this potential single benzene-based emitter (SBBE) in neat solvents as well as solid phase to modulate its photophysics. It has been found that 5-tBHI forms mixed aggregates of different orders, owing to the presence of both enolic and tautomeric forms, to yield tunable emission, although the emission intensity is quenched. These findings suggest that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of 5-tBHI not only limits intermolecular interactions but also promotes nonradiative deactivation pathways. Hence, designing and structural engineering, with a focus to suppressing intramolecular hydrogen bonding as well as increasing through space conjugation by replacing the aldehydic moieties with bulky aliphatic or aromatic ketonic groups, can be a plausible approach to yielding improved probes with tunable emission and higher fluorescence quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004 Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhipsa Sekhar Biswal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004 Jharkhand, India
| | - Arkaprava Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Ritaban Halder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1062, United States
| | - Soumit Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004 Jharkhand, India
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2
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Cooper C, Paul R, Alsaleh A, Washburn S, Rackers W, Kumar S, Nesterov VN, D'Souza F, Vinogradov SA, Wang H. Naphthodithiophene-Fused Porphyrins: Synthesis, Characterization, and Impact of Extended Conjugation on Aromaticity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302013. [PMID: 37467466 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of tetrapyrroles with aromatic heterocycles constitutes a useful tool for manipulating their opto-electronic properties. In this work, the synthesis of naphthodithiophene-fused porphyrins was achieved through a Heck reaction-based cascade of steps followed by the Scholl reaction. The naphthodithiophene-fused porphyrins display a unique set of optical and electronic properties. Fusion of the naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene to porphyrin (F2VTP) leads to a ~20% increase in the fluorescence lifetime, which is accompanied, unexpectedly, by a more than two-fold drop in the emission quantum yield (ϕ=0.018). In contrast, fusion of the isomeric naphtho[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene to porphyrin (F3VPT) results in a ~1.5-fold increase in the fluorescence quantum yield (ϕ=0.13) with a concomitant ~30 % increase in the fluorescence lifetime. This behavior suggests that fusion of the porphyrin with the naphthodithiopheno-system mainly affects the radiative rate constant in the Q-state deactivation pathway, where the effects of the isomeric naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene- versus naphtho[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene-fusion are essentially the opposite. Interestingly, nucleus-independent chemical shifts analysis revealed a considerable difference between the aromaticities of these two isomeric systems. Our results demonstrate that subtle structural differences in the fused components of the porphyrin can be reflected in rather significant differences between the photophysical properties of the resulting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Ros Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajyal Alsaleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Spenser Washburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - William Rackers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | | | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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3
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Song J, Guan Y, Wang C, Bao X, Li W, Chen L, Niu L. Investigations on exciton recombination and annihilation in TmPyPB-ETL OLEDs using magnetic field effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23783-23791. [PMID: 37622246 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02332j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the effect of the electron transport layer (ETL) material TmPyPb on the electroluminescence performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been extensively studied, the process of TmPyPb regulating exciton recombination and annihilation within the device is still unclear. Here, we fabricated devices of various TmPyPb thicknesses with and without ETL. Subsequently, we measured the magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) of these devices. Specifically, at the same luminance, the triplet-charge annihilation (TQA) process is more likely to occur as the thickness of TmPyPb increases, resulting in a decrease in the maximum luminance of devices. Due to electron leakage and exciton recombination region moving towards the cathode, leading to a decrease in luminance efficiency at first and then an enhancement with an increase in the thickness of TmPyPb. Furthermore, at room temperature, the application of a large bias voltage suppresses singlet fission (SF) processes by modulating the dissociation of singlet polaron pairs (PPS) and the concentration of triplet exciton (T1). This leads to the conversion of SF to the TQA process. At low temperatures, the bias voltage and temperature can regulate the concentration and lifetime of PPS and T1. Therefore, as the temperature decreases, the transition of SF → TQA → triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) and TQA coexistence → TTA process occurs. Moreover, MEL responses of the TmPyPb-ETL device show a W-linear pattern owing to the combined effect of the hyperfine interaction (HFI) and Zeeman splitting at 145 K. Accordingly, we explored the electroluminescence (EL) performance of TmPyPB-ETL OLEDs and investigated the evolution of SF, TQA, and TTA processes using MEL. Our study revealed the effect of exciton recombination and annihilation in OLEDs with varying thicknesses of TmPyPb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Song
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunxia Guan
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi Bao
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wanjiao Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijia Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lianbin Niu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Yoon SJ, Choi KS, Zhong L, Jeong S, Cho Y, Jung S, Yoon SE, Kim JH, Yang C. Dithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-Based Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Dual-Functional Energy-Harvesting Wide-Bandgap Polymer and its Backbone Isomer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300507. [PMID: 37010009 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Both organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic thermoelectrics (OTEs) are promising energy-harvesting technologies for future renewable and sustainable energy sources. Among various material systems, organic conjugated polymers are an emerging material class for the active layers of both OSCs and OTEs. However, organic conjugated polymers showing both OSC and OTE properties are rarely reported because of the different requirements toward the OSCs and OTEs. In this study, the first simultaneous investigation of the OSC and OTE properties of a wide-bandgap polymer PBQx-TF and its backbone isomer iso-PBQx-TF are reported. All wide-bandgap polymers form face-on orientations in a thin-film state, but PBQx-TF has more of a crystalline character than iso-PBQx-TF, originating from the backbone isomeric structures of α,α '/β,β '-connection between two thiophene rings. Additionally, iso-PBQx-TF shows inactive OSC and poor OTE properties, probably because of the absorption mismatch and unfavorable molecular orientations. At the same time, PBQx-TF exhibits both decent OSC and OTE performances, indicating that it satisfies the requirements for both OSCs and OTEs. This study presents the OSC and OTE dual-functional energy-harvesting wide-bandgap polymer and the future research directions for hybrid energy-harvesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jun Yoon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kang Suh Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Lian Zhong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sungwoo Jung
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Jong H Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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5
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Yang Y, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Guan T, Zhang Q, Qin C, Jiang K, Liu Y. Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of a Carbazole-Based Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Molecule: Real-Time Monitoring of Singlet-Triplet Transitions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9381-9389. [PMID: 36190283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of singlet-triplet transitions is an effective tool for studying room-temperature phosphorescent molecules. For femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy of a 2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl) pyridine molecule in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the stimulated emission signal (380 nm) and the excited-state absorption signal (650 nm) reach their maximum intensity within 397 fs. Subsequently, the two signals decay with time and the triplet-triplet absorption (TTA) signal (400 nm) is enhanced synchronously, accompanied by an isosbestic point at 491 nm. These results confirm intersystem crossing (ISC) within 2.5 ns. Moreover, the TTA signal (400 nm) in nanosecond TA spectroscopy gradually disappeared, accompanied by a phosphorescence lifetime of 4.1 μs. As the solvent polarity decreases (DMSO > N,N-dimethylformamide > 1,4-dioxane > toluene), similar spectral dynamic processes are observed, while the durations of ISC processes and phosphorescence lifetimes are shortened. This combined femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy study presents the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of organic phosphorescent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Zhinan Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Tiantian Guan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Chaochao Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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6
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Wu Z, Dinkelbach F, Kerner F, Friedrich A, Ji L, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Marder TB. Aggregation‐Induced Dual Phosphorescence from (
o
‐Bromophenyl)‐Bis(2,6‐Dimethylphenyl)Borane at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200525. [PMID: 35324026 PMCID: PMC9325438 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Designing highly efficient purely organic phosphors at room temperature remains a challenge because of fast non‐radiative processes and slow intersystem crossing (ISC) rates. The majority of them emit only single component phosphorescence. Herein, we have prepared 3 isomers (o, m, p‐bromophenyl)‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)boranes. Among the 3 isomers (o‐, m‐ and p‐BrTAB) synthesized, the ortho‐one is the only one which shows dual phosphorescence, with a short lifetime of 0.8 ms and a long lifetime of 234 ms in the crystalline state at room temperature. Based on theoretical calculations and crystal structure analysis of o‐BrTAB, the short lifetime component is ascribed to the T1M state of the monomer which emits the higher energy phosphorescence. The long‐lived, lower energy phosphorescence emission is attributed to the T1A state of an aggregate, with multiple intermolecular interactions existing in crystalline o‐BrTAB inhibiting nonradiative decay and stabilizing the triplet states efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Florian Kerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi An Shi 127 West Youyi Road 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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7
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Zhao Y, Ding B, Huang Z, Ma X. Highly efficient organic long persistent luminescence based on host–guest doping systems. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8412-8416. [PMID: 35919719 PMCID: PMC9297467 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01622b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, organic long persistent luminescence (OLPL) has attracted widespread attention as a new luminescence pathway initiated by the exciplex. However, the low quantum yield, few alternative molecules and high fabrication cost seriously slow down the development of OLPL materials. Herein, a series of simple multi-guest/host OLPL materials with a high quantum yield are reported by doping four phenothiazine derivative guest molecules into 9H-xanthen-9-one host matrices. The F-substituted phenothiazine derivative doping system displays highly efficient emission with 46.3% quantum yield in air. Meanwhile, these OLPL materials provide broad opportunities for further application in the field of heat resistance due to their highly efficient luminescence at high temperatures. A series of high quantum yield organic long persistent luminescence (OLPL) materials were obtained by doping four phenothiazine derivatives into a host molecule (9H-xanthen-9-one). Power-law decay is exhibited by OLPL systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zizhao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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8
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Carlotto S, Babetto L, Bortolus M, Carlotto A, Rancan M, Bottaro G, Armelao L, Carbonera D, Casarin M. Nature of the Ligand-Centered Triplet State in Gd 3+ β-Diketonate Complexes as Revealed by Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15141-15150. [PMID: 34612628 PMCID: PMC8763374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A series of Gd3+ complexes
(Gd1–Gd3) with the general formula
GdL3(EtOH)2, where L is a β-diketone ligand
with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
substituents of increasing size (1–3), was studied by combining time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance
(TR-EPR) spectroscopy and DFT calculations to rationalize the anomalous
spectroscopic behavior of the bulkiest complex (Gd3)
through the series. Its faint phosphorescence band is observed only
at 80 K and it is strongly red-shifted (∼200 nm) from the intense
fluorescence band. Moreover, the TR-EPR spectral analysis found that
triplet levels of 3/Gd3 are effectively
populated and have smaller |D| values than those
of the other compounds. The combined use of zero-field splitting and
spin density delocalization calculations, together with spin population
analysis, allows us to explain both the large red shift and the low
intensity of the phosphorescence band observed for Gd3. The large red shift is determined by the higher delocalization
degree of the wavefunction, which implies a larger energy gap between
the excited S1 and T1 states. The low intensity
of the phosphorescence is due to the presence of C–H groups
which favor non-radiative decay. These groups are present in all complexes;
nevertheless, they have a relevant spin density only in Gd3. The spin population analysis on NaL models, in which Na+ is coordinated to a deprotonated ligand, mimicking the coordinative
environment of the complex, confirms the outcomes on the free ligands. A series of Gd3+ complexes
(Gd1−Gd3) were studied by combining
TR-EPR spectroscopy and DFT
calculations to rationalize the deviant spectroscopic behavior of
the bulkiest complex (Gd3). The combination of ZFS calculations
and the spin density delocalization analysis ascribed the larger red
shift to the higher degree of delocalization of the wavefunction and
the low intensity of the phosphorescence band to the presence of C−H
groups with relevant spin density that favor non-radiative decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Babetto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Carlotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bottaro
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology of Materials (DSCTM), National Research Council (CNR), Piazzale A. Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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9
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Matsuoka H, Shibano Y, Akimoto I, Kanzaki Y. Time-Resolved EPR and Theoretical Investigations of Naphthalene Diimide Spin Dynamics in the Excited State. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Shibano
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ikuko Akimoto
- Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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10
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Abstract
At low temperatures and high magnetic fields, electron and hole spins in an organic light-emitting diode become polarized so that recombination preferentially forms molecular triplet excited-state species. For low device currents, magnetoelectroluminescence perfectly follows Boltzmann activation, implying a virtually complete polarization outcome. As the current increases, the magnetoelectroluminescence effect is reduced because spin polarization is suppressed by the reduction in carrier residence time within the device. Under these conditions, an additional field-dependent process affecting the spin-dependent recombination emerges, possibly related to the build-up of triplet excitons and their interaction with free charge carriers. Suppression of the EL alone does not prove electronic spin polarization. We therefore probe changes in the spin statistics of recombination directly in a dual singlet-triplet emitting material, which shows a concomitant rise in phosphorescence intensity as fluorescence is suppressed. Finite spin-orbit coupling in these materials gives rise to a microscopic distribution in effective g-factors of electrons and holes, Δg, i.e., a distribution in Larmor frequencies. This Δg effect in the pair, which mixes singlet and triplet, further suppresses singlet-exciton formation at high fields in addition to thermal spin polarization of the individual carriers. Though literature reports magnetoelectroluminescence (MEL) affects in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), probing the organic layer’s effective spin polarization remains a challenge. Here, the authors utilize dual singlet‐triplet emitting OLEDs to reveal the spin polarization in the materials.
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11
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Wang YY, Tong KN, Zhang K, Lu CH, Chen X, Liang JX, Wang CK, Wu CC, Fung MK, Fan J. Positive impact of chromophore flexibility on the efficiency of red thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1297-1303. [PMID: 34821922 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00028d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rigid electron donors (D) and acceptors (A) have been widely used in recent years for the construction of D-A type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. However, the chromophore robustness does not always make a positive contribution to the high efficiency of TADF materials. Here, the comparison study of two D-A type red TADF compounds (PT-TPA and PT-Az) demonstrated, for the first time, the positive impact of chromophore flexibility on the efficiency of TADF materials. In PT-Az, the rotation of terminal phenyl groups is restrained by an ethylene linker, leading to its inferior photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). In contrast, PT-TPA with free rotation of the phenyl groups showed a low reorganization energy and a large transition dipole moment for the S1→ S0 transition, which resulted in a high fluorescence radiative decay rate. As a result, the optimized devices based on PT-TPA gave a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 29.7% (632 nm) when doped in a single host and an EQE of 28.8% (648 nm) in an exciplex host. This study provided an insight into the impact of chromophore flexibility on the photophysical properties and device efficiency of TADF materials, and these results may provide valuable guidance for the molecular design of efficient emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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12
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Shimizu M, Sakurai T. Metal-Free Organic Luminophores that Exhibit Dual Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Emission at Room Temperature. Chempluschem 2021; 86:446-459. [PMID: 33689234 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dual-fluorescent-phosphorescent compounds have attracted increasing attention in various fields, such as bio-imaging, data protection/encryption, ratiometric luminescence sensing, and white-light emission. Conventional dual-emissive compounds contain a phosphorescent organometallic complex of a precious metal, such as iridium or platinum. However, the use of precious metals in organic materials has several drawbacks. This Minireview focuses on precious-metal-free organic light-emitting materials that exhibit dual fluorescence and phosphorescence emission in the solid state at room temperature to produce bimodal steady-state emission spectra. The dual emitters presented herein are categorized into the following six compound classes: (1) difluoroboron diaroylmethanes, (2) diarylketones, (3) diarylsulfones, (4) triazines and pyrimidines, (5) fused phenazines, and (6) N-arylcarbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimizu
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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13
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Patra A, Swamynathan K, Kumar S. Synthesis of novel regioisomeric phenanthro[a]phenazine derivatives through the SNAr strategy and their self-assembly into columnar phases. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of novel discotic liquid crystalline regioisomers for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakananda Patra
- Raman Research Institute
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Bangalore 560080
- India
| | - K. Swamynathan
- Raman Research Institute
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Bangalore 560080
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Bangalore 560080
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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14
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Shen FF, Chen Y, Dai X, Zhang HY, Zhang B, Liu Y, Liu Y. Purely organic light-harvesting phosphorescence energy transfer by β-cyclodextrin pseudorotaxane for mitochondria targeted imaging. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1851-1857. [PMID: 34163949 PMCID: PMC8179139 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of purely organic light-harvesting phosphorescence energy transfer (PET) supramolecular assembly is constructed from 4-(4-bromophenyl)-pyridine modified β-cyclodextrin (CD-PY) as a donor, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) as a mediator, rhodamine B (RhB) as an acceptor, and adamantane modified hyaluronic acid (HA-ADA) as a cancer cell targeting agent. Interestingly, the complexation of free CD-PY, which has no RTP emission in aqueous solution, with CB[8] results in the formation of CD-PY@CB[8] pseudorotaxane with an RTP emission at 510 nm. Then the addition of RhB leads to an efficient light-harvesting PET process with highly efficient energy transfer and an ultrahigh antenna effect (36.42) between CD-PY@CB[8] pseudorotaxane and RhB. Importantly, CD-PY@CB[8]@RhB assembles with HA-ADA into nanoparticles with further enhanced delayed emission at 590 nm. The nanoparticles could be successfully used for mitochondria targeted imaging in A549 cancer cells. This aqueous-state PET based on a supramolecular assembly strategy has potential application in delayed fluorescence cell imaging. A new type of purely organic light-harvesting PET supramolecular assembly is constructed with efficient energy transfer and ultrahigh antenna effect. Moreover, the assembly could be used for mitochondria targeted imaging in A549 cancer cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Shen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xianyin Dai
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yaohua Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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15
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Intorp SN, Hodecker M, Müller M, Tverskoy O, Rosenkranz M, Dmitrieva E, Popov AA, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Dreuw A, Bunz UHF. Quinoidal Azaacenes: 99 % Diradical Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12396-12401. [PMID: 32190951 PMCID: PMC7384067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quinoidal azaacenes with almost pure diradical character (y=0.95 to y=0.99) were synthesized. All compounds exhibit paramagnetic behavior investigated by EPR and NMR spectroscopy, and SQUID measurements, revealing thermally populated triplet states with an extremely low-energy gap ΔEST' of 0.58 to 1.0 kcal mol-1 . The species are persistent in solution (half-life≈14-21 h) and in the solid state they are stable for weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian N. Intorp
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Manuel Hodecker
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches RechnenRuprecht Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Center of SpectroelectrochemistryLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of SpectroelectrochemistryLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Center of SpectroelectrochemistryLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches RechnenRuprecht Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
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16
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Neese F, Wennmohs F, Becker U, Riplinger C. The ORCA quantum chemistry program package. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224108. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0004608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 697] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- FAccTs GmbH, Rolandstr. 67, 50677 Köln, Germany
| | - Frank Wennmohs
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ute Becker
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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17
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Intorp SN, Hodecker M, Müller M, Tverskoy O, Rosenkranz M, Dmitrieva E, Popov AA, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Dreuw A, Bunz UHF. Quinoidal Azaacenes: 99 % Diradical Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian N. Intorp
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Manuel Hodecker
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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18
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Shimizu M, Nagano S, Kinoshita T. Dual Emission from Precious Metal‐Free Luminophores Consisting of C, H, O, Si, and S/P at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2020; 26:5162-5167. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimizu
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and EngineeringKyoto Institute of Technology 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Sho Nagano
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and EngineeringKyoto Institute of Technology 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Takumi Kinoshita
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and EngineeringKyoto Institute of Technology 1 Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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19
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Grünbaum T, Milster S, Kraus H, Ratzke W, Kurrmann S, Zeller V, Bange S, Boehme C, Lupton JM. OLEDs as models for bird magnetoception: detecting electron spin resonance in geomagnetic fields. Faraday Discuss 2019; 221:92-109. [PMID: 31553007 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Certain species of living creatures are known to orientate themselves in the geomagnetic field. Given the small magnitude of approximately 48 μT, the underlying quantum mechanical phenomena are expected to exhibit coherence times in the microsecond regime. In this contribution, we show the sensitivity of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to magnetic fields far below Earth's magnetic field, suggesting that coherence times of the spins of charge-carrier pairs in these devices can be similarly long. By electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, a lower bound for the coherence time can be assessed directly. Moreover, this technique offers the possibility to determine the distribution of hyperfine fields within the organic semiconductor layer. We extend this technique to a material system exhibiting both fluorescence and phosphorescence, demonstrating stable anticorrelation between optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra in the singlet (fluorescence) and triplet (phosphorescence) channels. The experiments demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of OLEDs to both static as well as dynamic magnetic fields and suggest that coherent spin precession processes of coulombically bound electron-spin pairs may play a crucial role in the magnetoreceptive ability of living creatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Grünbaum
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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20
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Lei Y, Dai W, Tian Y, Yang J, Li P, Shi J, Tong B, Cai Z, Dong Y. Revealing Insight into Long-Lived Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Host-Guest Systems. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6019-6025. [PMID: 31545040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The control of the emission properties of doping materials through molecular design makes organic materials potentially promising candidates for many optoelectronic applications and devices. However, organic doping systems with high quantum yields and persistent luminescence processes have rarely been reported, and their luminescence mechanisms are still not well established. Here we developed a series of purely organic heavy-atom-free doping systems. The guest molecules can dope either donor or acceptor matrixes, both leading to an enhanced fluorescence (Φ = 63-76%) and room-temperature phosphorescence (Φ = 7.6-14.5%, τ = 119-317 ms) under ambient conditions. XRD measurements and density functional calculations results indicated ultralong phosphorescence was determined by both the cocrystalline state and the energy levels between the host and guest materials. The doping materials are fairly stable to light, heat, and humidity. This work may provide unique insight for designing doping systems and expanding the scope of organic phosphorescence applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Lei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Wenbo Dai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yong Tian
- School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Jianhui Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering . Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Bin Tong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yuping Dong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100081 , China
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21
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Zhan G, Liu Z, Bian Z, Huang C. Recent Advances in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials. Front Chem 2019; 7:305. [PMID: 31134182 PMCID: PMC6514089 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their unique characteristics, such as flexible design method, low toxicity, low cost, as well as the ease of production at scale. The involvement of triplet state and direct radiative transition from the triplet state show that RTP materials have great potential as a new generation emitter in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Based on the mechanism of phosphorescence, various methods have been developed to achieve RTP emissions in the crystal state. However, the observation of RTP in the thin film state is much more difficult to achieve because of the lower degree of rigidity and suppression of the non-radiative transition. In this mini-review, molecular design strategies developed to achieve RTP emissions and their application in OLEDs are summarized and discussed. The conclusion and outlook point to great potential as well as the challenges for the continued study of pure organic RTP materials-based OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Ma X, Wang J, Tian H. Assembling-Induced Emission: An Efficient Approach for Amorphous Metal-Free Organic Emitting Materials with Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:738-748. [PMID: 30816706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pure organic emitting materials with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), showing large Stokes shifts with long emitting lifetime, low preparation cost, good processability, and wide applications in analysis, bioimaging, organic light emitting diode, and so forth, have been drawing great attentions recently. Related to the design strategy for metal-free RTP materials, the phosphors containing heavy atoms (Br, I, etc.) and other heteroatoms (O, S, etc.) to facilitate the singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing (ISC) to populate the triplet are usually employed. Besides this factor, the pathways of nonradiative relaxation are inhibited as much as possible. Crystalline packing was the commonly used strategy to engender the rigid environment to suppress the nonradiative decay, and thus to enhance the RTP emission. However, crystal RTP materials might usually be provided with not good enough repeatability and processability, which would restrict their specific practical applications special for biosystem. Instead, amorphous metal-free RTP materials could overcome such deficiencies. Recently, great efforts have been devoted to develop challengeable amorphous metal-free materials and expand their potential applications. This Account mainly focuses on the recent progress on amorphous pure organic RTP system, focusing on the rigid effect to restrict the nonradiative decay to induce or enhance the RTP emission via supramolecular interactions such as host-guest interaction and hydrogen-bonding rigid matrix. Typical host-guest assembling and supramolecular polymer systems, hydrogen-binding copolymers, and small molecules for RTP emission, as well as the heavy-atom free assembling systems for RTP emission are well illustrated in this Account. In the summary, we also give some future perspectives and research direction of the area of pure organic RTP systems, such as enhancement of emission quantum yield, emission color tuning, possible device applications, and the remaining challenge. Moreover, based on these amorphous RTP material examples and beyond, we herein would like to conclude and propose a new concept as "Assembling-Induced Emission", the key thought of which systems is "control molecular motions, then control emission" via supramolecular dynamic assembling. This assembling-induced emission strategy is applicable in many emissive assembling systems besides such amorphous RTP materials introduced in this Account. We hope this concept will be a helpful guide for understanding the emissive mechanism and constructing strategy of various emissive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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23
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Joshi G, Teferi MY, Miller R, Jamali S, Baird D, van Tol J, Malissa H, Lupton JM, Boehme C. Isotropic Effective Spin-Orbit Coupling in a Conjugated Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6758-6762. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gajadhar Joshi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mandefro Y. Teferi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Richards Miller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shirin Jamali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Douglas Baird
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Johan van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Hans Malissa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - John M. Lupton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Boehme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S, 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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24
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Matsuoka H, Retegan M, Schmitt L, Höger S, Neese F, Schiemann O. Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Theoretical Investigations of Metal-Free Room-Temperature Triplet Emitters. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12968-12975. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Matsuoka
- Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marius Retegan
- Max Planck Institute for MPI for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmitt
- Kekulé
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for MPI for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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