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R A, Hu J, Momeen MU. Role of the solvent polarity on the optical and electronic characteristics of 1-iodoadamantane. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29489-29495. [PMID: 37818270 PMCID: PMC10561185 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05297d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural absorbance caused by the chromophore and chemical behavior of 1-iodoadamantane is highly influenced by the polarity of different solvent environments. This gives rise to the solvatochromatic shifts in the optical absorption and electronic structure and the experimentally measured UV-vis absorption spectra show significant solvatochromic shifts with respect to the solvent polarity. The absorption shift for both σ to σ*and n to σ* electronic transitions are more dominant in polar solvents than in nonpolar solvents. To obtain a better understanding of the impact of solvent polarity on the 1-iodoadamantane at the molecular level, computational calculations were carried out through implicit solvation. According to this, changes in the HOMO and LUMO energies and electron density distributions of various solvent continuums demonstrate the influence of solvent polarity on the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the chemical system. This also shows an increment in the HOMO-LUMO gap with respect to the polarity of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravindhan R
- Magnetic Instrumentation and Applied Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Jianping Hu
- The College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu P. R. China
| | - M Ummal Momeen
- Magnetic Instrumentation and Applied Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
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Gromnitskaya EL, Danilov IV, Brazhkin VV. Ultrasonic study of 1-X adamantane (X = F, Cl, Br) compounds at high pressure and at order-disorder transitions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18022-18027. [PMID: 35861225 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present an ultrasonic study of the elastic properties of 1-X adamantane (X = F, Cl, Br) during order-disorder and order-quasi-order transitions at various temperatures (77-305 K) and high pressures (up to 1 GPa). On the basis of our ultrasonic experiments, we studied for the first time the high-temperature (HT) Fm3m, medium-temperature (MT) P42/nmc, and low-temperature (LT) P421c phases of 1-fluoroadamantane at high pressures. The elastic properties of these phases at pressures up to 1 GPa at T = 293 and 77 K, as well as at isobaric heating from 77 to 293 K, have been determined. The boundaries of the HT → MT → LT phase transitions have been evaluated, which makes it possible to extend the phase diagram of 1-fluoroadamantane to higher pressures. We have confirmed that the MT → LT transition is a second-order phase transition because it is not accompanied by volume jumps but is manifested in anomalies of the elastic properties and ultrasound transmission both in high-pressure experiments and under isobaric heating. The comparison of the elastic properties of 1-X adamantanes (X = H, F, Cl, Br) has indicated a monotonic dependence at low pressures: the bulk modulus is the highest for adamantane and decreases with an increase of the atomic number of the halogen substitute (from fluorine to bromine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Gromnitskaya
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia.
| | - Igor V Danilov
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia.
| | - Vadim V Brazhkin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia.
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Bond order effects on the optoelectronic properties of oxygen/sulfur functionalized adamantanes. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 105:107869. [PMID: 33667864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work, is to study adamantanes and to tune their bandgap, since pure adamantane is considered as an insulator due to its high bandgap energy. For this, we doped adamantane with oxygen and sulfur atoms, thus obtaining 730 different structures with double bonds and 730 different structures with single bonds, for a total of 1460 structures, and compared their properties. Among all, 31 molecules were selected that best represented the reduced bandgap behavior. The calculations with greater precision in its results were made using the Local Density Approximation (LDA), in the Density-Functional Theory (DFT) formalism, with PWC functional and TNP basis set. The electronic and optical properties were analyzed, by calculating the energy gap and absorption spectrum. Importantly, we observed that molecules doped with sulfur atoms (double bonds) had their energy gap reduced significantly compared to molecules doped with sulfur and/or oxygen atom with single bonds and pristine adamantane. It was found that in the absorption spectrum, the sulfur-doped structures had their spectrum shifted to the visible region, a fact that becomes relevant for potential dyes and optoelectronic applications. From the seven selected functionalized adamantanes (ADD-04, ADD-05, ADD-07, ADD-19, ADD-20, ADD-41, and ADD-48), any of these could be used as a dye. However, the ADD-20 molecule in particular, which presented optical absorption near (RGB) primary colors, could indicate a potential quantum dot material for application in developing screens of various electronic devices.
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Gromnitskaya EL, Danilov IV, Brazhkin VV. Comparative study of the elastic properties of adamantane and 1-chloroadamantane at high pressure and different temperatures and at order-disorder transitions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2349-2354. [PMID: 33449988 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04550k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a comparative ultrasonic study of the elastic properties of adamantane and 1-chloroadamantane at high pressure (up to 1.4 GPa) and different temperatures (77-293 K) and at order-disorder transitions. The ultrasonic method provides complementary pictures of the order-disorder transitions in diamondoids under pressure. The equation of state of adamantane and 1-chloroadamantane was determined up to 1.4 GPa from ultrasonic measurements of bulk modulus and is in good accordance with the previous equations developed from volumetric data. We measured the bulk and shear moduli and Poisson's ratio of adamantane and 1-chloroadamantane up to 1.4 GPa. The behaviors of elastic moduli are different for adamantane and 1-chloroadamantane. This indicates that the substitution of one hydrogen atom for chlorine significantly reduces both elastic moduli, particularly the shear modulus (≈30%). Although the pressure dependences of the bulk modulus B are almost linear and its pressure derivatives for adamantane and 1-chloroadamantane are close to each other (B' ≈ 10-12), a jump is hardly observed on the pressure dependence B(P) for adamantane at the transition from the plastic to ordered phase, whereas the pressure dependence of the bulk modulus for 1-chloroadamantane exhibits a jump of almost 17%. The experimental dependences of the bulk modulus and relative changes in the volume for both materials clearly demonstrate that the compressibility of 1-chloroadamantane is much higher for both phases. The Poisson coefficient calculated from our experimental data is larger for 1-chloroadamantane, having lower both bulk and shear moduli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Gromnitskaya
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia.
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Huang HT, Zhu L, Ward MD, Wang T, Chen B, Chaloux BL, Wang Q, Biswas A, Gray JL, Kuei B, Cody GD, Epshteyn A, Crespi VH, Badding JV, Strobel TA. Nanoarchitecture through Strained Molecules: Cubane-Derived Scaffolds and the Smallest Carbon Nanothreads. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17944-17955. [PMID: 31961671 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Relative to the rich library of small-molecule organics, few examples of ordered extended (i.e., nonmolecular) hydrocarbon networks are known. In particular, sp3 bonded, diamond-like materials represent appealing targets because of their desirable mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. While many covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-extended, covalently bonded, and porous structures-have been realized through molecular architecture with exceptional control, the design and synthesis of dense, covalent extended solids has been a longstanding challenge. Here we report the preparation of a sp3-bonded, low-dimensional hydrocarbon synthesized via high-pressure, solid-state diradical polymerization of cubane (C8H8), which is a saturated, but immensely strained, cage-like molecule. Experimental measurements show that the obtained product is crystalline with three-dimensional order that appears to largely preserve the basic structural topology of the cubane molecular precursor and exhibits high hardness (comparable to fused quartz) and thermal stability up to 300 °C. Among the plausible theoretical candidate structures, one-dimensional carbon scaffolds comprising six- and four-membered rings that pack within a pseudosquare lattice provide the best agreement with experimental data. These diamond-like molecular rods with extraordinarily small thickness are among the smallest members in the carbon nanothread family, and calculations indicate one of the stiffest one-dimensional systems known. These results present opportunities for the synthesis of purely sp3-bonded extended solids formed through the strain release of saturated molecules, as opposed to only unsaturated precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Zhu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20015, United States
| | - Matthew D Ward
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20015, United States
| | | | | | - Brian L Chaloux
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20015, United States
| | | | | | | | - George D Cody
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20015, United States
| | - Albert Epshteyn
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | | | | | - Timothy A Strobel
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20015, United States
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Huang HT, Zhu L, Ward MD, Chaloux BL, Hrubiak R, Epshteyn A, Badding JV, Strobel TA. Surprising Stability of Cubane under Extreme Pressure. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2031-2037. [PMID: 29561621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical stability of solid cubane under high-pressure was examined with in situ Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) up to 60 GPa. The Raman modes associated with solid cubane were assigned by comparing experimental data with calculations based on density functional perturbation theory, and low-frequency lattice modes are reported for the first time. The equation of state of solid cubane derived from the PXRD measurements taken during compression gives a bulk modulus of 14.5(2) GPa. In contrast with previous work and chemical intuition, PXRD and Raman data indicate that solid cubane exhibits anomalously large stability under extreme pressure, despite its immensely strained 90° C-C-C bond angles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Zhu
- Geophysical Laboratory , Carnegie Institution of Washington , 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest , Washington , DC 20015 , United States
| | - Matthew D Ward
- Geophysical Laboratory , Carnegie Institution of Washington , 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest , Washington , DC 20015 , United States
| | - Brian L Chaloux
- Chemistry Division , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Rostislav Hrubiak
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory , Carnegie Institution of Washington , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Albert Epshteyn
- Chemistry Division , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | | | - Timothy A Strobel
- Geophysical Laboratory , Carnegie Institution of Washington , 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest , Washington , DC 20015 , United States
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Wang YT, Zhao YJ, Liao JH, Yang XB. Theoretical investigations on diamondoids (C nH m, n = 10-41): Nomenclature, structural stabilities, and gap distributions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:014306. [PMID: 29306287 DOI: 10.1063/1.5004437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining the congruence check and the first-principles calculations, we have systematically investigated the structural stabilities and gap distributions of possible diamondoids (CnHm) with the carbon numbers (n) from 10 to 41. A simple method for the nomenclature is proposed, which can be used to distinguish and screen the candidates with high efficiency. Different from previous theoretical studies, the possible diamondoids can be enumerated according to our nomenclature, without any pre-determination from experiments. The structural stabilities and electronic properties have been studied by density functional based tight binding and first-principles methods, where a nearly linear correlation is found between the energy gaps obtained by these two methods. According to the formation energy of structures, we have determined the stable configurations as a function of chemical potential. The maximum and minimum energy gaps are found to be dominated by the shape of diamondoids for clusters with a given number of carbon atoms, while the gap decreases in general as the size increases due to the quantum confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hai Liao
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bao Yang
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Nobrega MM, Teixeira-Neto E, Cairns AB, Temperini MLA, Bini R. One-dimensional diamondoid polyaniline-like nanothreads from compressed crystal aniline. Chem Sci 2017; 9:254-260. [PMID: 29629095 PMCID: PMC5869312 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03445h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional diamondoid polyaniline-like nanothreads combine the outstanding mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes with the versatility of NH2 groups.
Low-dimensional nanomaterials such as highly ordered polyaniline (PANI) have attracted considerable interest due to their expected extraordinary electronic and optoelectronic properties. In spite of several attempts, the attainment of atomically well-ordered PANI is a long-standing challenge. Pressure-induced polymerization of aromatic molecules in the crystal phase has been demonstrated as a practicable route for the synthesis of highly ordered polymers but this approach has never been tested to produce PANI. Here we show the synthesis of diamondoid polyaniline-like nanothreads at 33 GPa and 550 K by compressing aniline in crystal phase-II. Infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction data, and DFT calculations support the formation of this totally new polyaniline-like nanothread. The NH2-enriched carbon nanothread combines the outstanding mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes with the versatility of NH2 groups decorating the exterior of the nanothreads representing potential active sites for doping and as linkers for molecules with biological interest and inorganic nanostructures. The synergy of all of these properties emphasizes the strong potential of this material to be applied in a broad range of areas, from chemistry to materials engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo M Nobrega
- Departamento de Química Fundamental , Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) , CP 26077-CEP 05513-970-São Paulo , SP , Brazil . ; ; Tel: +55 11 3091 3890.,LENS , European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy , Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) , Italy
| | - Erico Teixeira-Neto
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas, Sao Paulo , Zip Code 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Andrew B Cairns
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38043 Grenoble , France
| | - Marcia L A Temperini
- Departamento de Química Fundamental , Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) , CP 26077-CEP 05513-970-São Paulo , SP , Brazil . ; ; Tel: +55 11 3091 3890
| | - Roberto Bini
- LENS , European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy , Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) , Italy.,ICCOM-CNR , Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds , National Research Council of Italy , Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Firenze , Italy
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