1
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Lafrance AA, Girard M, Bryce DL. Solid-state NMR spectra of amino acid enantiomers and their relative intensities. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2024; 131:101925. [PMID: 38582022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2024.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Under normal experimental conditions in an achiral environment, NMR spectra of enantiomers have chemical shifts and J couplings which are not differentiable. In this work, the reproducibility of spectral intensities for pairs of amino acid enantiomers, as well as factors influencing these intensities, is assessed using 13C and 15N cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Prompted by a recent literature debate over a possible influence of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect on spectral intensities obtained in CP/MAS NMR experiments carried out on enantiomers, a number of control experiments were performed with recycle delays of at least 5T1. These included the analysis of proton-decoupled Bloch decay solid-state NMR spectra as well as solution NMR spectra where the cross polarization process is absent. Bloch decay and CP/MAS NMR spectra yield the same relative intensities for pairs of enantiomers while solution NMR spectra provide relative intensities closest to unity. Differences of plus-or-minus a few percent in the D/L spectral intensity ratios observed in all solid-state NMR experiments are due to sample preparation (i.e., grinding, particle size, partial amorphization) and limitations on sample purity. As previously described in the literature, more drastic intensity differences on the order of 50% are easily created by ball milling the samples. Finally, apodization is shown to invert the apparent D/L ratio in low signal-to-noise 15N CP/MAS NMR spectra of aspartic acid enantiomers. In summary, no spectral intensity differences attributable to enantiomerism are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey-Anne Lafrance
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Manon Girard
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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2
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Picazo-Frutos R, Sheberstov KF, Blanchard JW, Van Dyke E, Reh M, Sjoelander T, Pines A, Budker D, Barskiy DA. Zero-field J-spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4487. [PMID: 38802356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZULF NMR) allows molecular structure elucidation via measurement of electron-mediated spin-spin J-couplings. This study examines zero-field J-spectra from molecules with quadrupolar nuclei, exemplified by solutions of various isotopologues of ammonium cations. The spectra reveal differences between various isotopologues upon extracting precise J-coupling values from pulse-acquire measurements. A primary isotope effect, △ J = γ 14 N / γ 15 N J 15 N H - J 14 N H ≈ - 58 mHz, is deduced by analysis of the proton-nitrogen J-coupling ratios. This study points toward further experiments with symmetric cations containing quadrupolar nuclei, promising applications in biomedicine, energy storage, and benchmarking quantum chemistry calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Picazo-Frutos
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kirill F Sheberstov
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Erik Van Dyke
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Moritz Reh
- Department of Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sjoelander
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Danila A Barskiy
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA.
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3
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Garbacz P, Vaara J. Direct enantiomeric discrimination through antisymmetric hyperfine coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8264-8267. [PMID: 34323896 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral open-shell molecules possessing permanent electric dipole moments have an EPR signal at the difference frequency of the electron and nuclear resonances, allowing direct enantiomeric discrimination by signal phase. The effect depends on the vector antisymmetry of the hyperfine coupling. Quantum chemistry suggests chiral bisfluorene methyl radical derivatives as promising for experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Garbacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Blanchard JW, Budker D, Trabesinger A. Lower than low: Perspectives on zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 323:106886. [PMID: 33518173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The less-traveled low road in nuclear magnetic resonance is discussed, honoring the contributions of Prof. Bernhard Blümich, aspiring towards reaching 'a new low.' A history of the subject and its current status are briefly reviewed, followed by an effort to prophesy possible directions for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
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5
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Jiang M, Bian J, Li Q, Wu Z, Su H, Xu M, Wang Y, Wang X, Peng X. Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance and its applications. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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6
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Sjolander TF, Blanchard JW, Budker D, Pines A. Two-dimensional single- and multiple-quantum correlation spectroscopy in zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 318:106781. [PMID: 32759044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present single- and multiple-quantum correlation J-spectroscopy detected in zero (<1μG) magnetic field using a 87Rb vapor-cell magnetometer. At zero field the spectrum of ethanol appears as a mixture of 13C isotopomers, and correlation spectroscopy is useful in separating the two composite spectra. We also identify and observe the zero-field equivalent of a double-quantum transition in 13C2-acetic acid, and show that such transitions are of use in spectral assignment. Two-dimensional spectroscopy further improves the high resolution attained in zero-field NMR since selection rules on the coherence-transfer pathways allow for the separation of otherwise overlapping resonances into distinct cross-peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias F Sjolander
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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7
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Kaseman DC, Magnelind PE, Widgeon Paisner S, Yoder JL, Alvarez M, Urbaitis AV, Janicke MT, Nath P, Espy MA, Williams RF. Design and implementation of a J-coupled spectrometer for multidimensional structure and relaxation detection at low magnetic fields. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:054103. [PMID: 32486714 DOI: 10.1063/1.5130391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it has been realized that low and ultra-low field (mT-nT magnetic field range) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used for molecular structural analysis. However, spectra are often hindered by lengthy acquisition times or require large sample volumes and high concentrations. Here, we report a low field (50 μT) instrument that employs a linear actuator to shuttle samples between a 1 T prepolarization field and a solenoid detector in a laboratory setting. The current experimental setup is benchmarked using water and 13C-methanol with a single scan detection limit of 2 × 1020 spins (3 µl, 55M H2O) and detection limit of 2.9 × 1019 (200 µl, 617 mM 13C-methanol) spins with signal averaging. The system has a dynamic range of >3 orders of magnitude. Investigations of room-temperature relaxation dynamics of 13C-methanol show that sample dilution can be used in lieu of sample heating to acquire spectra with linewidths comparable to high-temperature spectra. These results indicate that the T1 and T2 mechanisms are governed by both the proton exchange rate and the dissolved oxygen in the sample. Finally, a 2D correlation spectroscopy experiment is reported, performed in the strong coupling regime that resolves the multiple resonances associated with the heteronuclear J-coupling. The spectrum was collected using 10 times less sample and in less than half the time from previous reports in the strong coupling limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick C Kaseman
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Per E Magnelind
- Quantum Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Scarlett Widgeon Paisner
- Materials Science in Radiation and Dynamics Extremes Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jacob L Yoder
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Marc Alvarez
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Algis V Urbaitis
- Quantum Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Michael T Janicke
- Inorganic, Isotope and Actinide Chemistry Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Pulak Nath
- Quantum Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Michelle A Espy
- Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Robert F Williams
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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8
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Blanchard JW, Wu T, Eills J, Hu Y, Budker D. Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance J-spectroscopy with commercial atomic magnetometers. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 314:106723. [PMID: 32298993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZULF NMR) is an alternative spectroscopic method to high-field NMR, in which samples are studied in the absence of a large magnetic field. Unfortunately, there is a large barrier to entry for many groups, because operating the optical magnetometers needed for signal detection requires some expertise in atomic physics and optics. Commercially available magnetometers offer a solution to this problem. Here we describe a simple ZULF NMR configuration employing commercial magnetometers, and demonstrate sufficient functionality to measure samples with nuclear spins prepolarized in a permanent magnet or initialized using parahydrogen. This opens the possibility for other groups to use ZULF NMR, which provides a means to study complex materials without magnetic susceptibility-induced line broadening, and to observe samples through conductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Teng Wu
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - James Eills
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yinan Hu
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
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9
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Calvello S, Soncini A. Effect of magnetic anisotropy on direct chiral discrimination in paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8427-8441. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of thermally populated crystal field states on room temperature chiral discrimination in NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Calvello
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- VIC 3010
- Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization
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10
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Zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance of chemically exchanging systems. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3002. [PMID: 31278303 PMCID: PMC6611813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an emerging tool for precision chemical analysis. In this work, we study dynamic processes and investigate the influence of chemical exchange on ZULF NMR J-spectra. We develop a computational approach that allows quantitative calculation of J-spectra in the presence of chemical exchange and apply it to study aqueous solutions of [15N]ammonium (15N\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mathrm{H}}_4^ +$$\end{document}H4+) as a model system. We show that pH-dependent chemical exchange substantially affects the J-spectra and, in some cases, can lead to degradation and complete disappearance of the spectral features. To demonstrate potential applications of ZULF NMR for chemistry and biomedicine, we show a ZULF NMR spectrum of [2-13C]pyruvic acid hyperpolarized via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP). We foresee applications of affordable and scalable ZULF NMR coupled with hyperpolarization to study chemical exchange phenomena in vivo and in situations where high-field NMR detection is not possible to implement. Zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance can identify species and collective behaviors in mixtures without applied magnetic fields. Here the authors demonstrate its use for resolving proton exchange in ammonium and for the detection of hyperpolarized pyruvic acid, an important imaging biomarker.
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11
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Santos JI, Rivilla I, Cossío FP, Matxain JM, Grzelczak M, Mazinani SKS, Ugalde JM, Mujica V. Chirality-Induced Electron Spin Polarization and Enantiospecific Response in Solid-State Cross-Polarization Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11426-11433. [PMID: 30407788 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
NMR-based techniques are supposed to be incapable of distinguishing pure crystalline chemical enantiomers. However, through systematic studies of cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR in a series of amino acids, we have found a rather unexpected behavior in the intensity pattern of optical isomers in hydrogen/nitrogen nuclear polarization transfer that would allow the use of CP NMR as a nondestructive enantioselective detection technique. In all molecules considered, the d isomer yields higher intensity than the l form, while the chemical shift for all nuclei involved remains unchanged. We attribute this striking result to the onset of electron spin polarization, accompanying bond charge polarization through a chiral center, a secondary mechanism for polarization transfer that is triggered only in the CP experimental setup. Electron spin polarization is due to the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect (CISS), which creates an enantioselective response, analogous to the one involved in molecular recognition and enantiospecific separation with achiral magnetic substrates. This polarization influences the molecular magnetic environment, modifying the longitudinal relaxation time T1 of 1H, and ultimately provoking the observed asymmetry in the enantiomeric response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose I Santos
- SGIker-UPV/EHU , Centro "Joxe Mari Korta" , Tolosa Hiribidea, 72 , E-20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Iván Rivilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 3 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Fernando P Cossío
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 3 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Lardizabal Pasealekua 3 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Marek Grzelczak
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 , Bilbao , Spain
| | - Shobeir K S Mazinani
- School of Molecular Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Lardizabal Pasealekua 3 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
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12
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Jiang M, Wu T, Blanchard JW, Feng G, Peng X, Budker D. Experimental benchmarking of quantum control in zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar6327. [PMID: 29922714 PMCID: PMC6003724 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar6327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Demonstration of coherent control and characterization of the control fidelity is important for the development of quantum architectures such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We introduce an experimental approach to realize universal quantum control, and benchmarking thereof, in zero-field NMR, an analog of conventional high-field NMR that features less-constrained spin dynamics. We design a composite pulse technique for both arbitrary one-spin rotations and a two-spin controlled-not (CNOT) gate in a heteronuclear two-spin system at zero field, which experimentally demonstrates universal quantum control in such a system. Moreover, using quantum information-inspired randomized benchmarking and partial quantum process tomography, we evaluate the quality of the control, achieving single-spin control for 13C with an average fidelity of 0.9960(2) and two-spin control via a CNOT gate with a fidelity of 0.9877(2). Our method can also be extended to more general multispin heteronuclear systems at zero field. The realization of universal quantum control in zero-field NMR is important for quantum state/coherence preparation, pulse sequence design, and is an essential step toward applications to materials science, chemical analysis, and fundamental physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Teng Wu
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Corresponding author. (T.W.); (J.W.B.); (X.P.)
| | - John W. Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Corresponding author. (T.W.); (J.W.B.); (X.P.)
| | - Guanru Feng
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xinhua Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- Corresponding author. (T.W.); (J.W.B.); (X.P.)
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720–7300, USA
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13
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Garbacz P. Computations of the chirality-sensitive effect induced by an antisymmetric indirect spin–spin coupling. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1432904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Garbacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Lazzeretti P. Chiral discrimination in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:443001. [PMID: 28786393 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa84d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property of molecules whose spatial symmetry is characterized by the absence of improper rotations, making them not superimposable to their mirror image. Chiral molecules constitute the elementary building blocks of living species and one enantiomer is favoured in general (e.g. L-aminoacids and D-sugars pervade terrestrial homochiral biochemistry) because most chemical reactions producing natural substances are enantioselective. Since the effect of chiral chemicals and drugs on living beings can be markedly different between enantiomers, the quest for practical spectroscopical methods to scrutinize chirality is an issue of great importance and interest. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a topmost analytical technique, but spectrometers currently used are 'blind' to chirality, i.e. unable to discriminate the two mirror-image forms of a chiral molecule, because, in the absence of a chiral solvent, the spectral parameters, chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants are identical for enantiomers. Therefore, the development of new procedures for routine chiral recognition would offer basic support to scientists. However, in the presence of magnetic fields, a distinction between true and false chirality is mandatory. The former epitomizes natural optical activity, which is rationalized by a time-even pseudoscalar, i.e. the trace of a second-rank tensor, the mixed electric dipole/magnetic dipole polarizability. The Faraday effect, magnetic circular dichroism and magnetic optical activity are instead related to a time-odd axial vector. The present review summarizes recent theoretical and experimental efforts to discriminate enantiomers via NMR spectroscopy, with the focus on the deep connection between chirality and symmetry properties under the combined set of fundamental discrete operations, namely charge conjugation, parity (space inversion) and time (motion) reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzeretti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italia
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Tayler MCD, Theis T, Sjolander TF, Blanchard JW, Kentner A, Pustelny S, Pines A, Budker D. Invited Review Article: Instrumentation for nuclear magnetic resonance in zero and ultralow magnetic field. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:091101. [PMID: 28964224 DOI: 10.1063/1.5003347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We review experimental techniques in our laboratory for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in zero and ultralow magnetic field (below 0.1 μT) where detection is based on a low-cost, non-cryogenic, spin-exchange relaxation free 87Rb atomic magnetometer. The typical sensitivity is 20-30 fT/Hz1/2 for signal frequencies below 1 kHz and NMR linewidths range from Hz all the way down to tens of mHz. These features enable precision measurements of chemically informative nuclear spin-spin couplings as well as nuclear spin precession in ultralow magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | | | | | | | - Szymon Pustelny
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alexander Pines
- College of Chemistry, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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16
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Sjolander TF, Tayler MCD, Kentner A, Budker D, Pines A. 13C-Decoupled J-Coupling Spectroscopy Using Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Zero-Field. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1512-1516. [PMID: 28291363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a two-dimensional method for obtaining 13C-decoupled, 1H-coupled nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra in zero magnetic field using coherent spin-decoupling. The result is a spectrum determined only by the proton-proton J-coupling network. Detection of NMR signals in zero magnetic field requires at least two different nuclear spin species, but the proton J-spectrum is independent of isotopomer, thus potentially simplifying spectra and thereby improving the analytical capabilities of zero-field NMR. The protocol does not rely on a difference in Larmor frequency between the coupled nuclei, allowing for the direct determination of J-coupling constants between chemically equivalent spins. We obtain the 13C-decoupled zero-field spectrum of [1-13C]-propionic acid and identify conserved quantum numbers governing the appearance of cross peaks in the two-dimensional spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias F Sjolander
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720-3220, United States
| | - Michael C D Tayler
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720-7300, United States
- Magnetic Resonance Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, U.K
| | - Arne Kentner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720-3220, United States
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720-7300, United States
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University , 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-3220, United States
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720-3220, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-3220, United States
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