1
|
Wei S, Xia X, Bi S, Hu S, Wu X, Hsu HY, Zou X, Huang K, Zhang DW, Sun Q, Bard AJ, Yu ET, Ji L. Metal-insulator-semiconductor photoelectrodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38833171 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides a scalable and integrated platform to harness renewable solar energy for green hydrogen production. The practical implementation of PEC systems hinges on addressing three critical challenges: enhancing energy conversion efficiency, ensuring long-term stability, and achieving economic viability. Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) heterojunction photoelectrodes have gained significant attention over the last decade for their ability to efficiently segregate photogenerated carriers and mitigate corrosion-induced semiconductor degradation. This review discusses the structural composition and interfacial intricacies of MIS photoelectrodes tailored for PEC water splitting. The application of MIS heterostructures across various semiconductor light-absorbing layers, including traditional photovoltaic-grade semiconductors, metal oxides, and emerging materials, is presented first. Subsequently, this review elucidates the reaction mechanisms and respective merits of vacuum and non-vacuum deposition techniques in the fabrication of the insulator layers. In the context of the metal layers, this review extends beyond the conventional scope, not only by introducing metal-based cocatalysts, but also by exploring the latest advancements in molecular and single-atom catalysts integrated within MIS photoelectrodes. Furthermore, a systematic summary of carrier transfer mechanisms and interface design principles of MIS photoelectrodes is presented, which are pivotal for optimizing energy band alignment and enhancing solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency within the PEC system. Finally, this review explores innovative derivative configurations of MIS photoelectrodes, including back-illuminated MIS photoelectrodes, inverted MIS photoelectrodes, tandem MIS photoelectrodes, and monolithically integrated wireless MIS photoelectrodes. These novel architectures address the limitations of traditional MIS structures by effectively coupling different functional modules, minimizing optical and ohmic losses, and mitigating recombination losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shice Wei
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuewen Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shuai Bi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xingli Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - David W Zhang
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qinqqing Sun
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Allen J Bard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78713, USA
| | - Edward T Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78758, USA.
| | - Li Ji
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Qu D, Zhou B, Shang C, Zhang X, Tu Y, Huang W. Self-Healing Behavior of the Metal Halide Perovskites and Photovoltaics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307645. [PMID: 37770384 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have achieved rapid progress in the new-generation photovoltaic field, but the commercialization lags behind owing to the device stability issue under operational conditions. Ultimately, the instability issue is attributed to the soft lattice of ionic perovskite crystal. In brief, metal halide perovskite materials are susceptible to structural instability processes, including phase segregation, component loss, lattice distortion, and fatigue failure under harsh external stimuli such as high humidity, strong irradiation, wide thermal cycles, and large stress. Developing self-healing perovskites to further improve the unsatisfactory operational stability of their photoelectric devices under harsh stimuli has become a cutting-edge hotspot in this field. This self-healing behavior needs to be studied more comprehensively. Therefore, the self-healing behavior of the metal halide perovskites and photovoltaics is classified and summarized in this review. By discussing recent advances, underlying mechanisms, strategies, and existing challenges, this review provides perspectives on self-healing of perovskite solar cells in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Du Qu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Chuanzhen Shang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Yongguang Tu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Key laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Provience, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- Key laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Provience, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Yang P. CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Nanocrystals in Substrates toward Stable Photoluminescence: Nanoarchitectonics, Properties, and Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11188-11212. [PMID: 37548228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) possess great potential in light-emitting diode applications because of their high brightness, low cost, tunable luminescence, and facile synthesis nature. However, these NCs are often disadvantaged by their instability in nonsolvent environment that hinders the practical applications of the material. In order to solve these issues, cesium lead halide NCs prepared using a solvent environment can be placed on substrates to retain the high stability and expand the applicability of the material. This Review focuses on the transfer of the all-inorganic cesium lead halide NCs (synthesized in solutions) onto matrix materials and their direct synthesis on these bases, including the inert shell growth (inorganic and organic shell), embedment in matrixes (e.g., metal organic frameworks, porous SiO2, glass, ZrO2, Al2O3, and AlOOH), and direct synthesis in substrates. In particular, the strategies for stability and PL property improvement of the materials are also summarized. The purpose of this Review is to provide inspiration for the encapsulation of cesium lead halide NCs with high brightness and stability in matrixes to expand the applicability of these materials in wide color gamut backlighting (e.g., white-light-emitting devices).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Krakow 31-155, Poland
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silica-coated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with high stability for bright white-emitting displays. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
5
|
Improved Perovskite Structural Stability by Halogen Bond from Excessive Lead Iodide via Numerical Simulation. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The short lifetime of perovskite solar cell devices limits the application of the technique, which is yet to be resolved, despite many attempts. An important step is made here by the numerical modelling method, which reveals the decomposition kinetics under the protection of halogen bonds from excess PbI2. Irregular diffusion behaviour of water molecules is observed when excessive PbI2 is introduced, possibly due to the passivation and hindrance from the halogen bond, resulting in a lifetime enhancement of at least five times. The detailed kinetics are also obtained by analyzing the decomposition rate curve, offering a possible path towards high-stability PCE perovskite solar devices, by increasing the PbI2 concentration to above the threshold, which opens an unprecedented route in perovskite solar cell research, and is, hopefully, of intrinsic interest to the broad materials research community as well.
Collapse
|
6
|
Finkenauer BP, Ma K, Dou L. Degradation and Self-Healing in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24073-24088. [PMID: 35588005 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic halide perovskites are well-known for their unique self-healing ability. In the presence of strong external stimuli, such as light, temperature, and moisture, high-energy defects are created which can be healed by removing the perovskite from the degradation source. This self-healing ability has been showcased in devices with recoverable performance and day-and-night cycling operation to dramatically extend the device lifetime and even mechanical durability. However, to date, the mechanistic details and theory around this captivating trait are sparse and convoluted by the complex nature of perovskites. With a clear understanding of the intrinsic self-healing property, perovskite solar cells with extended lifetimes and durability can be designed to realize the large-scale commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, we spotlight the relevant degradation and self-healing literature and then propose design strategies to help conceptualize future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake P Finkenauer
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ke Ma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang RT, Xu F, Zhang W, Xu G. The influence of compression on the lattice stability of α-FAPbI 3 revealed by numerical simulation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01711c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ambient stability of α-FAPbI3 perovskite remains one of the biggest barriers to the commercialization, despite many attempts to enhance its lifetime. Due to the difficulties in experimenting the transition...
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang RT, Xu AF, Li W, Li Y, Xu G. Moisture-Stable FAPbI 3 Perovskite Achieved by Atomic Structure Negotiation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5332-5338. [PMID: 34062057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Broad impact in the research community may be anticipated when a material's properties are capable of being manipulated artificially. Such a possibility has been explored here in the FAPbI3 perovskite structure of perovskite solar cells, which involves undesirable phase transition at working temperature, despite many attempts to resolve the issue. Essential steps have been taken here toward solving this problem by adopting an opposite strategy to incorporate the water molecules into the perovskite structure under the current materials framework by new structural physics maneuvering. The secondary bonding of the perovskite structure has been relocated, which altered the microstructure to remove the internal strain that caused the phase transition, resulting in not only a 10-fold enhancement in the moisture/structure stability but also a bandgap comparable to that of the favored α-FAPbI3. All this opens an unprecedented avenue in perovskite research, which will hopefully be of intrinsic interest to the broad materials research community as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Taoran Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alex Fan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Wuqi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Gu Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The instabilities of perovskite solar cells hinder their commercialisation. To resolve this problem, a one-dimensional (1D) perovskitoid, PyPbI3, was fabricated, and its structure and photovoltaic performance were investigated in this work. XPS and FTIR results suggest hydrogen bonds existed in the 1D hexagonal PyPbI3. Stability measurements indicate that 1D perovskitoid is much more stable than the commonly employed FA-based perovskite. In addition, solar cells adopting PyPbI3 as an absorbing layer led to a device lifetime of one month. Our results suggest that 1D perovskitoid has great potential to be employed in solar cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu KJ, Wang RT, Xu AF, Chen JY, Xu G. Hysteresis and Instability Predicted in Moisture Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48882-48889. [PMID: 33054159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the perovskite solar cell structure was expected recently to be reversible, which opened a new gate to the enhancement of the device lifetime by reversing the process. However, the kinetic details of the structural collapse and recovery are still missing, without which the perovskite reversibility cannot be further explored. Due to the experimental difficulty, a purposeful numerical model was conducted in this report, to simulate the water diffusion process in the perovskite structure in both directions. It was found that the moisture diffusion needs to be initiated by a certain level of structural imperfection and is non-Fickian, as assisted by the collapse of the perovskite into the 1D chains. The reversibility was verified by the back diffusion, but accompanied by hysteresis, stagnancy, and even surprising instability, which initiated the water flow under initial equilibrium, due possibly to the imbalance during the reconstruction of the perovskite lattice. These observations offer new insights to form strategies of improvement, for example, via the possible self-healing perovskite devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin J Xu
- Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Ryan T Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Alex F Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Jason Y Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Gu Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4L8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu AF, Liu N, Xie F, Song T, Ma Y, Zhang P, Bai Y, Li Y, Chen Q, Xu G. Promoting Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stabilities of FA-based Perovskite by an in Situ Bilayer Structure. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3864-3871. [PMID: 32353241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The commonly employed formamidinium (FA)-containing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit a severe phase instability problem, thereby limiting their commercial applications. Here, both phase stability and energy efficiency of FA-based PSCs were improved by treating the perovskite surface with pyrrolidinium hydroiodide (PyI) salts, resulting in a 1D perovskite structure (PyPbI3), stacked on the original 3D perovskite. By employing in situ XRD measurements, we revealed that the temperature-dependent phase transition activation barrier was enhanced after forming the 1D/3D structure, resulting in a prolonged transition time by 30-40-fold. From the first-principle calculations, we found the thermodynamic energy difference between two phases reduced from -0.16 to -0.04 eV after the stacking of 1D PyPbI3, offering additional lifetime improvement. Moreover, the champion 1D/3D bilayer PSC exhibits a boosted power conversion efficiency of 19.62%, versus 18.21% of the control. Such 1D/3D bilayer structure may be employed in PSCs to enhance their phase stability and photovoltaic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fan Xu
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Na Liu
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fanlong Xie
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tinglu Song
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yujing Li
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gu Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu G, Li H, Cui J, Zhang Y, Olthof S, Chen S, Liu Z, Wang D, Liu S(F. Solvent Engineering Using a Volatile Solid for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903250. [PMID: 32440475 PMCID: PMC7237837 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for efficaciously regulating perovskite crystallinity is proposed by using a volatile solid glycolic acid (HOCH2COOH, GA) in an FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 (FA: HC(NH2)2; MA: CH3NH3) perovskite precursor solution that is different from the common additive approach. Accompanied with the first dimethyl sulfoxide sublimation process, the subsequent sublimation of GA before 150 °C in the FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 perovskite film can artfully regulate the perovskite crystallinity without any residual after annealing. The improved film formation upon GA modification induced by the strong interaction between GA and Pb2+ delivers a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 21.32%. In order to investigate the role of volatility in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), nonvolatile thioglycolic acid (HSCH2COOH, TGA) with a similar structure to GA is utilized as an additive reference. Large perovskite grains are obtained by TGA modification but with obvious pinholes, which directly leads to an increased defect density accompanied by a decline in PCE. Encouragingly, the champion PCE achieved for GA-based PSC device (21.32%) is almost 13% or 20% higher than those of the control device or TGA-based device. In addition, GA-modified PSCs exhibit the best stability in light-, thermal-, and humidity-based tests due to the improved film formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Jian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Yaohong Zhang
- Faculty of Informatics and EngineeringThe University of Electro‐Communications1‐5‐1 Chofugaoka, ChofuTokyo182‐8585Japan
| | - Selina Olthof
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneLuxemburger Street 11650939CologneGermany
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Zhike Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
An Environmentally Stable Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Containing Py Cation with Low Trap-State Density. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The commonly-employed methylammonium-based perovskites are environmentally unstable, which limits their commercialization. To resolve this problem, a stable hybrid perovskite, pyrrolidinium lead iodide (PyPbI3), was synthesized successfully via a simple drop casting method. The formed PyPbI3 exhibited a hexagonal structure. It presented not only excellent phase stability, but also low trap-state density, as confirmed via the X-ray diffraction and space-charge-limited currents measurements. This novel perovskite may be applicable to perovskite photovoltaics to improve their environmental stability.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ethylammonium Lead Iodide Formation in MAPbI3 Precursor Solutions by DMF Decomposition and Organic Cation Exchange Reaction. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extra peaks have constantly been observed in the X-ray diffraction measurement for the CH3NH3PbI3 film. Such mysteries have now been uncovered in this paper, in which powder X-ray diffraction, in situ X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy measurements were conducted, and these peaks were attributed to the ethylammonium lead iodide (CH3CH2NH3PbI3/EAPbI3). It was found that the formation of EAPbI3 was triggered by the breakdown of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), which was adopted as the solvent in the preparation of the precursor solutions. EAPbI3 was generated by the organic cation exchange reaction in the subsequent annealing process. A simple solution for this problem is proposed in this paper as well, which would hopefully help the community to eradicate this impurity.
Collapse
|