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Westhoff P, Weber APM. The role of metabolomics in informing strategies for improving photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1696-1713. [PMID: 38158893 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis plays a vital role in acclimating to and mitigating climate change, providing food and energy security for a population that is constantly growing, and achieving an economy with zero carbon emissions. A thorough comprehension of the dynamics of photosynthesis, including its molecular regulatory network and limitations, is essential for utilizing it as a tool to boost plant growth, enhance crop yields, and support the production of plant biomass for carbon storage. Photorespiration constrains photosynthetic efficiency and contributes significantly to carbon loss. Therefore, modulating or circumventing photorespiration presents opportunities to enhance photosynthetic efficiency. Over the past eight decades, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular basis of photosynthesis, photorespiration, and the key regulatory mechanisms involved, beginning with the discovery of the canonical Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Advanced chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies have allowed a comprehensive analysis of the metabolite patterns associated with photosynthesis, contributing to a deeper understanding of its regulation. In this review, we summarize the results of metabolomics studies that shed light on the molecular intricacies of photosynthetic metabolism. We also discuss the methodological requirements essential for effective analysis of photosynthetic metabolism, highlighting the value of this technology in supporting strategies aimed at enhancing photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Westhoff
- CEPLAS Plant Metabolomics and Metabolism Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Dumelie JG, Chen Q, Miller D, Attarwala N, Gross SS, Jaffrey SR. Biomolecular condensates create phospholipid-enriched microenvironments. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:302-313. [PMID: 37973889 PMCID: PMC10922641 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteins and RNA can phase separate from the aqueous cellular environment to form subcellular compartments called condensates. This process results in a protein-RNA mixture that is chemically different from the surrounding aqueous phase. Here, we use mass spectrometry to characterize the metabolomes of condensates. To test this, we prepared mixtures of phase-separated proteins and extracts of cellular metabolites and identified metabolites enriched in the condensate phase. Among the most condensate-enriched metabolites were phospholipids, due primarily to the hydrophobicity of their fatty acyl moieties. We found that phospholipids can alter the number and size of phase-separated condensates and in some cases alter their morphology. Finally, we found that phospholipids partition into a diverse set of endogenous condensates as well as artificial condensates expressed in cells. Overall, these data show that many condensates are protein-RNA-lipid mixtures with chemical microenvironments that are ideally suited to facilitate phospholipid biology and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Dumelie
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dawson Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nabeel Attarwala
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven S Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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Bura A, Čabrijan S, Đurić I, Bruketa T, Jurak Begonja A. A Plethora of Functions Condensed into Tiny Phospholipids: The Story of PI4P and PI(4,5)P 2. Cells 2023; 12:1411. [PMID: 37408244 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are small, phosphorylated lipids that serve many functions in the cell. They regulate endo- and exocytosis, vesicular trafficking, actin reorganization, and cell mobility, and they act as signaling molecules. The most abundant PIs in the cell are phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate (PI4P) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. PI4P is mostly localized at the Golgi apparatus where it regulates the anterograde trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane (PM), but it also localizes at the PM. On the other hand, the main localization site of PI(4,5)P2 is the PM where it regulates the formation of endocytic vesicles. The levels of PIs are regulated by many kinases and phosphatases. Four main kinases phosphorylate the precursor molecule phosphatidylinositol into PI4P, divided into two classes (PI4KIIα, PI4KIIβ, PI4KIIIα, and PI4KIIIβ), and three main kinases phosphorylate PI4P to form PI(4,5)P2 (PI4P5KIα, PI4P5KIβ, and PI4P5KIγ). In this review, we discuss the localization and function of the kinases that produce PI4P and PI(4,5)P2, as well as the localization and function of their product molecules with an overview of tools for the detection of these PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bura
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sara Čabrijan
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Iris Đurić
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tea Bruketa
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Antonija Jurak Begonja
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Cheung HYF, Zou J, Tantiwong C, Fernandez DI, Huang J, Ahrends R, Roest M, Cavill R, Gibbins J, Heemskerk JWM. High-throughput assessment identifying major platelet Ca 2+ entry pathways via tyrosine kinase-linked and G protein-coupled receptors. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102738. [PMID: 37060673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
In platelets, elevated cytosolic Ca2+ is a crucial second messenger, involved in most functional responses, including shape change, secretion, aggregation and procoagulant activity. The platelet Ca2+ response consists of Ca2+ mobilization from endoplasmic reticulum stores, complemented with store-operated or receptor-operated Ca2+ entry pathways. Several channels can contribute to the Ca2+ entry, but their relative contribution is unclear upon stimulation of ITAM-linked receptors such as glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and G-protein coupled receptors such as the protease-activated receptors (PAR) for thrombin. We employed a 96-well plate high-throughput assay with Fura-2-loaded human platelets to perform parallel [Ca2+]i measurements in the presence of EGTA or CaCl2. Per agonist condition, this resulted in sets of EGTA, CaCl2 and Ca2+ entry ratio curves, defined by six parameters, reflecting different Ca2+ ion fluxes. We report that threshold stimulation of GPVI or PAR, with a variable contribution of secondary mediators, induces a maximal Ca2+ entry ratio of 3-7. Strikingly, in combination with Ca2+-ATPase inhibition by thapsigargin, the maximal Ca2+ entry ratio increased to 400 (GPVI) or 40 (PAR), pointing to a strong receptor-dependent enhancement of store-operated Ca2+ entry. By pharmacological blockage of specific Ca2+ channels in platelets, we found that, regardless of GPVI or PAR stimulation, the Ca2+ entry ratio was strongest affected by inhibition of ORAI1 (2-APB, Synta66) > Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCE) > P2×1 (only initial). In contrast, inhibition of TRPC6, Piezo1/2 or STIM1 was without effect. Together, these data reveal ORAI1 and NCE as dominating Ca2+ carriers regulating GPVI- and PAR-induced Ca2+ entry in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire Yam Fung Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V, Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jinmi Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute Maastricht, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chukiat Tantiwong
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Delia I Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Jingnan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V, Dortmund, Germany; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V, Dortmund, Germany; Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Roest
- Synapse Research Institute Maastricht, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Cavill
- Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jon Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute Maastricht, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Manke MC, Ahrends R, Borst O. Platelet lipid metabolism in vascular thrombo-inflammation. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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CRACking the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of SOCE during Platelet Activation in Thrombo-Occlusive Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040619. [PMID: 35203269 PMCID: PMC8870035 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombo-occlusive diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and deep vein thrombosis with subsequent pulmonary embolism still represent a major health burden worldwide. Besides the cells of the vasculature or other hematopoietic cells, platelets are primarily responsible for the development and progression of an occluding thrombus. The activation and function of platelets crucially depend on free cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) as second messenger, which modulates platelet secretion, aggregation and thrombus formation. Ca2+ is elevated upon platelet activation by release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores thus triggering of the subsequent store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which is facilitated by Ca2+ release-activated channels (CRACs). In general, CRACs are assembled by the pore-forming unit Orai in the plasma membrane and the Ca2+-sensing stromal interaction molecule (STIM) in the endoplasmic reticulum after the depletion of internal Ca2+ stores. In the last few years, there is a growing body of the literature demonstrating the importance of STIM and Orai-mediated mechanism in thrombo-occlusive disorders. Thus, this review provides an overview of the recent understanding of STIM and Orai signaling in platelet function and its implication in the development and progression of ischemic thrombo-occlusive disorders. Moreover, potential pharmacological implications of STIM and Orai signaling in platelets are anticipated and discussed in the end.
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides are signalling lipids derived from phosphatidylinositol, a ubiquitous phospholipid in the cytoplasmic leaflet of eukaryotic membranes. Initially discovered for their roles in cell signalling, phosphoinositides are now widely recognized as key integrators of membrane dynamics that broadly impact on all aspects of cell physiology and on disease. The past decade has witnessed a vast expansion of our knowledge of phosphoinositide biology. On the endocytic and exocytic routes, phosphoinositides direct the inward and outward flow of membrane as vesicular traffic is coupled to the conversion of phosphoinositides. Moreover, recent findings on the roles of phosphoinositides in autophagy and the endolysosomal system challenge our view of lysosome biology. The non-vesicular exchange of lipids, ions and metabolites at membrane contact sites in between organelles has also been found to depend on phosphoinositides. Here we review our current understanding of how phosphoinositides shape and direct membrane dynamics to impact on cell physiology, and provide an overview of emerging concepts in phosphoinositide regulation.
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Bura A, Jurak Begonja A. Imaging of Intracellular and Plasma Membrane Pools of PI(4,5)P 2 and PI4P in Human Platelets. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1331. [PMID: 34947862 PMCID: PMC8705196 DOI: 10.3390/life11121331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are phosphorylated membrane lipids that have a plethora of roles in the cell, including vesicle trafficking, signaling, and actin reorganization. The most abundant PIs in the cell are phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate (PI4P). The localization and roles of both PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P are well established, is the broadly accepted methodological approach for their immunocytochemical visualization in different cell compartments in several cell lines. However, not much is known about these PIs in platelets (PLTs), the smallest blood cells that detect vessel wall injury, activate, and stop the bleeding. Therefore, we sought to investigate the localization of PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P in resting and activated PLTs by antibody staining. Here, we show that the intracellular pools of PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P can be detected by the established staining protocol, and these pools can be modulated by inhibitors of OCRL phosphatase and PI4KIIIα kinase. However, although resting PLTs readily stain for the plasma membrane (PM) pools of PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P, just a few activated cells were stained with the established protocol. We show that optimized protocol allows for the visualization of PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P at PM in activated PLTs, which could also be modulated by OCRL and PI4KIIIα inhibitors. We conclude that PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P are more sensitive to lipid extraction by permeabilizing agents in activated than in resting human PLTs, which suggests their different roles during PLT activation.
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