1
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Nihal S, Sarfo D, Zhang X, Tesfamichael T, Karunathilaka N, Punyadeera C, Izake EL. Paper electrochemical immunosensor for the rapid screening of Galectin-3 patients with heart failure. Talanta 2024; 274:126012. [PMID: 38554482 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
A paper electrochemical immunosensor for the combined binding and quantification of the heart failure (HF) biomarker Galectin-3 has been developed. The simple design of the new sensor is comprised of paper material that is decorated with gold nanostructures, to maximize its electroactive surface area, and functionalized with target-specific recognition molecules to selectively bind the protein from aqueous solutions. The binding of the protein caused the blockage of the electron flow to the sensor electroactive surface, thus causing its oxidation potential to shift and the corresponding current to reduce quantitatively with the increase in the protein concentration within the working range of 0.5ng/mL-8ng/mL (LOQ-0.5 ng/mL). This novel sensor was able to quantify Galectin-3 concentration in saliva samples from HF patients and healthy controls within 20 min with good reproducibility (RSD = 3.64%), without the need for complex sample processing steps. The electrochemical measurements of the patient samples were cross validated by ELISA where the percent agreement between the two methods was found to be 92.7% (RSD = 7.20%). Therefore, the new paper immunosensor sensor has a strong potential for rapid and cost-effective screening of the Galectin 3 biomarker at points of care, thus supporting the timely diagnosis of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Nihal
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Daniel Sarfo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Nuclear and Analytical Chemistry Research Center (NACRC), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana
| | - Xi Zhang
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tuquabo Tesfamichael
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Nuwan Karunathilaka
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emad L Izake
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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2
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Yao W, He H, Wang F. CTAB-Modulated Electroplating of Copper Micropillar Arrays for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing with Improved Sensitivity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1603. [PMID: 38475139 DOI: 10.3390/s24051603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Micropillar array electrodes represent a promising avenue for enhancing detection sensitivity and response current. However, existing methods for depositing electrode materials on micropillar arrays often result in uneven distribution, with the thin sidewall layer being less conductive and prone to corrosion. In addressing this issue, this study introduces electroplating to enhance the copper layer on the sidewall of micropillar array electrodes. These electrodes, fabricated through standard microelectronics processes and electroplating, are proposed for non-enzymatic glucose detection, with the copper layer deposited via electroplating significantly enhancing sensitivity. Initially, the impact of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) concentration as an inhibitor on the surface morphology and sensitivity of the plated layer was investigated. It was discovered that CTAB could decrease surface roughness, hinder the development of large and coarse grains, generate small particles, and boost sensitivity. Compared to the uncoated electrode and plating without CTAB, sensitivity was elevated by a factor of 1.66 and 1.62, respectively. Subsequently, the alterations in plating morphology and detection performance within a range of 0.3 ASD to 3 ASD were examined. Sensitivity demonstrated a tendency to increase initially and then decrease. The electrode plated at 0.75 ASD achieved a maximum sensitivity of 3314 μA·mM-1·cm-2 and a detection limit of 15.9 μM. Furthermore, a potential mechanism explaining the impact of different morphology on detection performance due to CTAB and current density was discussed. It was believed that the presented effective strategy to enhance the sensitivity of micropillar array electrodes for glucose detection would promote the related biomedical detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hu He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fuliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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3
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Mehak, Singh G, Singh R, Singh G, Stanzin J, Singh H, Kaur G, Singh J. Clicking in harmony: exploring the bio-orthogonal overlap in click chemistry. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7383-7413. [PMID: 38433942 PMCID: PMC10906366 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the quest to scrutinize and modify biological systems, the global research community has continued to explore bio-orthogonal click reactions, a set of reactions exclusively targeting non-native molecules within biological systems. These methodologies have brought about a paradigm shift, demonstrating the feasibility of artificial chemical reactions occurring on cellular surfaces, in the cell cytosol, or within the body - an accomplishment challenging to achieve with the majority of conventional chemical reactions. This review delves into the principles of bio-orthogonal click chemistry, contrasting metal-catalyzed and metal-free reactions of bio-orthogonal nature. It comprehensively explores mechanistic details and applications, highlighting the versatility and potential of this methodology in diverse scientific contexts, from cell labelling to biosensing and polymer synthesis. Researchers globally continue to advance this powerful tool for precise and selective manipulation of biomolecules in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurleen Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Riddima Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Jigmat Stanzin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Harminder Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College Civil Lines Ludhiana-141001 Punjab India
| | - Jandeep Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
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4
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González-Martínez E, Moran-Mirabal J. Shrinking Devices: Shape-Memory Polymer Fabrication of Micro-and Nanostructured Electrodes. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300535. [PMID: 38060839 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1940s, shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been used in a broad spectrum of applications for research and industry.[1] SMPs can adopt a temporary shape and promptly return to their original form when submitted to an external stimulus. They have proven useful in fields such as wearable and stretchable electronics,[2] biomedicine,[3] and aerospace..[4] These materials are attractive and unique due to their ability to "remember" a shape after being submitted to elastic deformation. By combining the properties of SMPs with the advantages of electrochemistry, opportunities have emerged to develop structured sensing devices through simple and inexpensive fabrication approaches. The use of electrochemistry for signal transduction provides several advantages, including the translation into inexpensive sensing devices that are relatively easy to miniaturize, extremely low concentration requirements for detection, rapid sensing, and multiplexed detection. Thus, electrochemistry has been used in biosensing,[5] pollutant detection,[6] and pharmacological[7] applications, among others. To date, there is no review that summarizes the literature addressing the use of SMPs in the fabrication of structured electrodes for electrochemical sensing. This review aims to fill this gap by compiling the research that has been done on this topic over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo González-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
| | - Jose Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4 M1
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5
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García-Faustino LL, Morris SM, Elston SJ, Montelongo Y. Detection of Biomarkers through Functionalized Polymers. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301025. [PMID: 37814377 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a rising interest in utilizing functionalized porous polymers for sensor applications. By incorporating functional groups into nanostructured materials like hydrogels, nanosheets, and nanopores, exciting new opportunities have emerged for biomarker detection. The ability of functionalized polymers to undergo physical changes and deformations makes them perfect for modulating optical signals. This chemical mechanism enables the creation of biocompatible sensors for in situ biomarker measurement. Here a comprehensive overview of the current publication trends is provided in functionalized polymers, encompassing functional groups that can induce measurable physical deformations. It explores various materials categorized based on their detection targets, which include proteins, carbohydrates, ions, and deoxyribonucleic acid. As such, this work serves as a valuable reference for the development of functionalized polymer-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litzy L García-Faustino
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, 64849, Mexico
| | - Stephen M Morris
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Steve J Elston
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Yunuen Montelongo
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
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6
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Bao M, Dollery SJ, Yuqing F, Tobin GJ, Du K. Micropillar enhanced FRET-CRISPR biosensor for nucleic acid detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 24:47-55. [PMID: 38019145 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00780d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR technology has gained widespread adoption for pathogen detection due to its exceptional sensitivity and specificity. Although recent studies have investigated the potential of high-aspect-ratio microstructures in enhancing biochemical applications, their application in CRISPR-based detection has been relatively rare. In this study, we developed a FRET-based biosensor in combination with high-aspect-ratio microstructures and Cas12a-mediated trans-cleavage for detecting HPV 16 DNA fragments. Remarkably, our results show that micropillars with higher density exhibit superior molecular binding capabilities, leading to a tenfold increase in detection sensitivity. Furthermore, we investigated the effectiveness of two surface chemical treatment methods for enhancing the developed FRET assay. A simple and effective approach was also developed to mitigate bubble generation in microfluidic devices, a crucial issue in biochemical reactions within such devices. Overall, this work introduces a novel approach using micropillars for CRISPR-based viral detection and provides valuable insights into optimizing biochemical reactions within microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Bao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | | | - Fnu Yuqing
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Gregory J Tobin
- Biological Mimetics, Inc., 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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7
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Meng X, Sang M, Guo Q, Li Z, Zhou Q, Sun X, Zhao W. Target-Induced Electrochemical Sensor Based on Foldable Aptamer and MoS 2@MWCNTs-PEI for Enhanced Detection of AFB1 in Peanuts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16422-16431. [PMID: 37934460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on aptamer folding was constructed to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in peanuts. Specifically, polyethylenimine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2@MWCNTs-PEI) were used as the electrode matrix to enable a large specific surface area, which were characterized by the Randles-Sevcik equation. Additionally, AuNPs were used to immobilize the aptamer via the Au-S covalent bond and provide a favorable microenvironment for signal enhancement. Methylene blue (MB) was modified at the proximal 3' termini of the aptamer as the capture probe, while the signal transduction of the sensor was obtained through changes in conformation and position of MB induced by the binding between AFB1 and the probe. Changes in spatial conformation could be recorded by electrochemical methods more readily. This electrochemical aptasensor demonstrated remarkable sensitivity to AFB1 with an extensive detection range (1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL) and a lower limit detection (1.0 × 10-3 ng/mL). Moreover, using the constructed aptasensor, AFB1 was identified successfully in peanut samples, with recoveries ranging from 95.83 to 107.53%, illustrating its potential use in determining AFB1 in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Meng
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Maosheng Sang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Quanlong Zhou
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Xia Sun
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Wenping Zhao
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
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8
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Bao M, Dollery SJ, Yuqing F, Tobin GJ, Du K. Micropillar enhanced FRET-CRISPR biosensor for nucleic acid detection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.23.554533. [PMID: 37662406 PMCID: PMC10473682 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR technology has gained widespread adoption for pathogen detection due to its exceptional sensitivity and specificity. Although recent studies have investigated the potential of high-aspect-ratio microstructures in enhancing biochemical applications, their application in CRISPR-based detection has been relatively rare. In this study, we developed a FRET-based biosensor in combination with high-aspect-ratio microstructures and Cas12a-mediated trans-cleavage for detecting HPV 16 DNA fragments. Remarkably, our results show that micropillars with higher density exhibit superior molecular binding capabilities, leading to a tenfold increase in detection sensitivity. Furthermore, we investigated the effectiveness of two surface chemical treatment methods for enhancing the developed FRET assay. A simple and effective approach was also developed to mitigate bubble generation in microfluidic devices, a crucial issue in biochemical reactions within such devices. Overall, this work introduces a novel approach using micropillars for CRISPR-based viral detection and provides valuable insights into optimizing biochemical reactions within microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Bao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Dollery
- Biological Mimetics, Inc. 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Fnu Yuqing
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J Tobin
- Biological Mimetics, Inc. 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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9
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Rahn KL, Peramune U, Zhang T, Anand RK. Label-Free Electrochemical Methods for Disease Detection. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:49-69. [PMID: 36854209 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091622-085754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Label-free electrochemical biosensing leverages the advantages of label-free techniques, low cost, and fewer user steps, with the sensitivity and portability of electrochemical analysis. In this review, we identify four label-free electrochemical biosensing mechanisms: (a) blocking the electrode surface, (b) allowing greater access to the electrode surface, (c) changing the intercalation or electrostatic affinity of a redox probe to a biorecognition unit, and (d) modulating ion or electron transport properties due to conformational and surface charge changes. Each mechanism is described, recent advancements are summarized, and relative advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are discussed. Furthermore, two avenues for gaining further diagnostic information from label-free electrochemical biosensors, through multiplex analysis and incorporating machine learning, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA;
| | - Umesha Peramune
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA;
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA;
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA;
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10
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Azeem MM, Shafa M, Aamir M, Zubair M, Souayeh B, Alam MW. Nucleotide detection mechanism and comparison based on low-dimensional materials: A review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1117871. [PMID: 36937765 PMCID: PMC10018150 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic has led to the fabrication of new nucleic acid sensors that can detect infinitesimal limits immediately and effectively. Therefore, various techniques have been demonstrated using low-dimensional materials that exhibit ultrahigh detection and accuracy. Numerous detection approaches have been reported, and new methods for impulse sensing are being explored. All ongoing research converges at one unique point, that is, an impetus: the enhanced limit of detection of sensors. There are several reviews on the detection of viruses and other proteins related to disease control point of care; however, to the best of our knowledge, none summarizes the various nucleotide sensors and describes their limits of detection and mechanisms. To understand the far-reaching impact of this discipline, we briefly discussed conventional and nanomaterial-based sensors, and then proposed the feature prospects of these devices. Two types of sensing mechanisms were further divided into their sub-branches: polymerase chain reaction and photospectrometric-based sensors. The nanomaterial-based sensor was further subdivided into optical and electrical sensors. The optical sensors included fluorescence (FL), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), colorimetric, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), while electrical sensors included electrochemical luminescence (ECL), microfluidic chip, and field-effect transistor (FET). A synopsis of sensing materials, mechanisms, detection limits, and ranges has been provided. The sensing mechanism and materials used were discussed for each category in terms of length, collectively forming a fusing platform to highlight the ultrahigh detection technique of nucleotide sensors. We discussed potential trends in improving the fabrication of nucleotide nanosensors based on low-dimensional materials. In this area, particular aspects, including sensitivity, detection mechanism, stability, and challenges, were addressed. The optimization of the sensing performance and selection of the best sensor were concluded. Recent trends in the atomic-scale simulation of the development of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sensors using 2D materials were highlighted. A critical overview of the challenges and opportunities of deoxyribonucleic acid sensors was explored, and progress made in deoxyribonucleic acid detection over the past decade with a family of deoxyribonucleic acid sensors was described. Areas in which further research is needed were included in the future scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mustafa Azeem
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: M. Mustafa Azeem, ; Muhammad Aamir,
| | - Muhammad Shafa
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Devices, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir
- Department of Basic Science, Deanship of Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: M. Mustafa Azeem, ; Muhammad Aamir,
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basma Souayeh
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mir Waqas Alam
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Patella B, Narayan T, O'Sullivan B, Daly R, Zanca C, Lovera P, Inguanta R, O'Riordan A. Simultaneous detection of copper and mercury in water samples using in-situ pH control with electrochemical stripping techniques. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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12
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Agarkar T, Nair VK, Tripathy S, Chawla V, Ghosh S, Kumar A. Oxygen vacancy modulated MnO2 bi-electrode system for attomole-level pathogen nucleic acid sequence detection. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Fapanni T, Sardini E, Serpelloni M, Tonello S. 3D Electrochemical Sensor and Microstructuration Using Aerosol Jet Printing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7820. [PMID: 34883822 PMCID: PMC8659431 DOI: 10.3390/s21237820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors are attracting great interest for their different applications. To improve their performances, basic research focuses on two main issues: improve their metrological characteristics (e.g., repeatability, reusability and sensitivity) and investigate innovative fabrication processes. In this work, we demonstrate an innovative microstructuration technique aimed at increasing electrochemical sensor sensitivity to improve electrode active area by an innovative fabrication technique. The process is empowered by aerosol jet printing (AJP), an additive-manufacturing and non-contact printing technique that allows depositing functional inks in precise patterns such as parallel lines and grids. The 3D printed microstructures increased the active surface area by up to 130% without changing the substrate occupancy. Further, electrochemical detection of ferro/ferri-cyanide was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the electrodes. This evaluation points out a sensitivity increase of 2.3-fold on average between bare and fully microstructured devices. The increase of surface area and sensitivity are well linearly correlated as expected, verifying the fitness of our production process. The proposed microstructuration is a viable solution for many applications that requires high sensitivity, and the proposed technique, since it does not require masks or complex procedures, turns out to be flexible and applicable to infinite construction geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Fapanni
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Emilio Sardini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mauro Serpelloni
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sarah Tonello
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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Movilli J, Choudhury SS, Schönhoff M, Huskens J. Enhancement of Probe Density in DNA Sensing by Tuning the Exponential Growth Regime of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 32:9155-9166. [PMID: 33191977 PMCID: PMC7659331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-based biosensing devices benefit from a dedicated design of the probe layer present at the transducing interface. The layer architecture, its physicochemical properties, and the embedding of the receptor sites affect the probability of binding the analyte. Here, the enhancement of the probe density at the sensing interface by tuning the exponential growth regime of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) is presented. PEMs were made of poly-l-lysine (PLL), with appended clickable dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) groups and oligo(ethylene glycol) chains, and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS). The DNA probe loading and target hybridization efficiencies of the PEMs were evaluated as a function of the PLL layer number and the growth regime by a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). An amplification factor of 25 in the target DNA detection was found for a 33-layer exponentially grown PEM compared to a monolayer. A Voigt-based model showed that DNA probe binding to the DBCO groups is more efficient in the open, exponentially grown films, while the hybridization efficiencies appeared to be high for all layer architectures. These results show the potential of such engineered gel-like structures to increase the detection of bio-relevant analytes in biosensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Movilli
- Molecular
NanoFabrication group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Salmeen Shakil Choudhury
- Molecular
NanoFabrication group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular
NanoFabrication group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Yuan X, Jiang Z, Wang Q, Gao N, Li H, Ma Y. Polychlorinated Biphenyl Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on a Diamond-Gold Nanocomposite to Realize a Sub-Femtomolar Detection Limit. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22402-22410. [PMID: 32923798 PMCID: PMC7482256 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with high toxicity, low lethal dose, and bioaccumulation have been inhibited for application in wide fields, and a highly efficient trace detection is thus greatly desirable. In this study, we produce dense Au-nanoparticles by twice sputtering and twice annealing (T-Au-NPs) on boron-doped diamond (BDD). The successful formation of T-Au-NPs/BDD nanocomposites was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Based on T-Au-NPs/BDD, an electronic biosensor with aptamers is fabricated to detect trace polychlorinated biphenyl-77 (PCB-77) by electrochemical impedance. A good linear relationship in the range of femtomolar to micromolar and significantly low detection limit of sub-femtomolar level (0.32 fM) are realized based on the biosensor. The emphasis of this research lies in the key role of the diamond substrate in the biosensor. It is demonstrated that the biosensor has excellent sensitivity, specificity, stability, and recyclability, which are favorable for detecting the trace PCB-77 molecule. It is attributed to the important effect presented by the BDD substrate and the synergistic influence of T-Au-NPs combined with aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin
University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Institute
for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, P. R.
China
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin
University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiliang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin
University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Nan Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin
University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongdong Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin
University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Ma
- College
of Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, P. R. China
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