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Lv Q, Song W, Chu J, Li G, Han Y, Marfavi Z, Zhang G, Wu Y, Lin Y, Sun K, Xu H, Tao K. An Indocyanine Green-Based Nanocluster for Imaging Orthodox Endometriosis Lesions with Negative Contrast. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:25909-25922. [PMID: 38716677 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG), as the sole near-infrared dye FDA-approved, is limited in biomedical applications because of its poor photostability, lack of targeting, and rapid removal in vivo. Herein, we presented a nanoformulation of poly-l-lysine-indocyanine green-hyaluronic acid (PIH) and demonstrated that it can image orthodox endometriosis (EM) lesions with a negative contrast. The PIH nanocluster, with an average diameter of approximately 200 nm, exhibited improved fluorescence photostability and antioxidant ability compared to free ICG. In the in vivo imaging, EM lesions were visualized, featuring apparent voids and clear boundaries. After colocalizing with the green fluorescent protein, we concluded that the contrast provided by PIH peaked at 4 h postinjection and was observable for at least 8 h. The negative contrast, clear boundaries, and enhanced observable time might be due to the low permeation of PIH to lesions and the enhanced retention on the surfaces of lesions. Thus, our findings suggest an ICG-based nanoprobe with the potential to diagnose abdominal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjie Lv
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Weizhou Song
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Guojing Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Han
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zeinab Marfavi
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Gengxin Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Wu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Shen S, Qiu J, Huo D, Xia Y. Nanomaterial-Enabled Photothermal Heating and Its Use for Cancer Therapy via Localized Hyperthermia. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305426. [PMID: 37803412 PMCID: PMC10922052 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT), which employs nanoscale transducers delivered into a tumor to locally generate heat upon irradiation with near-infrared light, shows great potential in killing cancer cells through hyperthermia. The efficacy of such a treatment is determined by a number of factors, including the amount, distribution, and dissipation of the generated heat, as well as the type of cancer cell involved. The amount of heat generated is largely controlled by the number of transducers accumulated inside the tumor, the absorption coefficient and photothermal conversion efficiency of the transducer, and the irradiance of the light. The efficacy of treatment depends on the distribution of the transducers in the tumor and the penetration depth of the light. The vascularity and tissue thermal conduction both affect the dissipation of heat and thereby the distribution of temperature. The successful implementation of PTT in the clinic setting critically depends on techniques for real-time monitoring and management of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Shen
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Da Huo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Cheng W, Wu X, Yu S, Zhang C, Song Y, Li X, Yu X. Biomimetic nanoplatform with selectively positioned indocyanine green for accurate sentinel lymph node imaging. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19168-19179. [PMID: 37982186 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The status of draining lymph nodes (LNs) is critical for determining the treatment and prognosis of cancer that spreads through the lymphatic system. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been widely used in sentinel LN (SLN) biopsy technology and has shown favorable effects. However, this too has its own limitations, such as fluorescence instability and diffusion imaging. In this study, we developed macrophage cell membrane-camouflaged ICG-loaded biomimetic nanoparticles (M@F127-ICG) for accurate SLN imaging. ICG selectively positioned at the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces of pluronic F127 micelles protected itself from quenching in aqueous solution, thereby maintaining fluorescence stability and improving fluorescence intensity. In addition, to further improve the aggregation in SLN, the micellar surface was coated with a layer of biomimetic macrophage cell membrane to target LN-resident macrophages. In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated that M@F127-ICG significantly enhanced the fluorescence signal and improved the imaging efficiency of SLN. Thus, selectively positioning ICG in the biomimetic nanoplatform enhanced the fluorescence intensity and stability, providing a novel tracer for timely and accurate SLN imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiangbai Wu
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precise Prevention and Treatment of Elderly Gastrointestinal Cancer, The Second People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yinhong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, China
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Zhao S, Lee L, Zhao Y, Liang NC, Chen YS. Photoacoustic signal enhancement in dual-contrast gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-targeted nanobubbles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1102651. [PMID: 36733960 PMCID: PMC9887164 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Translatable imaging agents are a crucial element of successful molecular imaging. Photoacoustic molecular imaging relies on optical absorbing materials to generate a sufficient signal. However, few materials approved for human use can generate adequate photoacoustic responses. Here we report a new nanoengineering approach to further improve photoacoustic response from biocompatible materials. Our study shows that when optical absorbers are incorporated into the shell of a gaseous nanobubble, their photoacoustic signal can be significantly enhanced compared to the original form. As an example, we constructed nanobubbles using biocompatible indocyanine green (ICG) and biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). We demonstrated that these ICG nanobubbles generate a strong ultrasound signal and almost four-fold photoacoustic signal compared to the same concentration of ICG solution; our theoretical calculations corroborate this effect and elucidate the origin of the photoacoustic enhancement. To demonstrate their molecular imaging performance, we conjugated gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) targeting ligands with the ICG nanobubbles. Our dual photoacoustic/ultrasound molecular imaging shows a more than three-fold enhancement in targeting specificity of the GRPR-targeted ICG nanobubbles, compared to untargeted nanobubbles or prostate cancer cells not expressing GRPR, in a prostate cancer xenograft mouse model in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shensheng Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Leanne Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Yun-Sheng Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States,Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Yun-Sheng Chen,
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Cardiovascular Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Bhattacharjee S, Pandit S, Seth D. How Kosmotropic and Chaotropic Osmolytes Perturb the Properties of an Aqueous Solution of a Pluronic Block Copolymer? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9347-9362. [PMID: 35868256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poloxamer 407 (P-407) composed of a poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG) unit has two distinct microenvironments: the interior core formed by the PPG unit and the exterior shell formed by the PEG unit. In this work, we have used two fluorescent molecules coumarin-153 and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) of contrasting natures to characterize and probe the water dynamics in the core and corona regions of the copolymer by means of spectroscopic techniques, namely, absorption, fluorescence, and time-resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Changes in the surface morphologies were characterized by using microscopic techniques. Further, two classes of osmolytes kosmotropic (betaine and sarcosine) and chaotropic (urea) known to perturb the water structure were added to aqueous solutions of P-407. Our studies reveal that the addition of kosmotropes decreases the critical micelle temperature (CMT) of the copolymer, whereas the chaotropic osmolyte increases the CMT. Steady-state studies reveal that the addition of the osmolytes to the copolymer increases the polarity of the micelle formed and hence results in the red shift in the ANS absorbance maximum. FTIR spectroscopy reveals that kosmotropes interact with the PEG moiety of the copolymer, whereas the chaotrope interacts with both the PEG and PPG moieties of the copolymer. Solvent relaxation studies produced less changes upon the addition of the kosmotropes, whereas a greater change in the relaxation time was observed in the presence of the chaotrope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar 801103, India
| | - Souvik Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar 801103, India
| | - Debabrata Seth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar 801103, India
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Tang Q, Xu F, Zhang C, Li C, Liu F, Shen M, Liu X, Lin J, Zhu L, Lin T, Sun D. Two birds, one stone: host-guest complex of indocyanine green–β-cyclodextrin for fundus angiography. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-022-01154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu F, Wei R, Yin J, Shen M, Wu Y, Guo W, Sun D. Host-guest interactions of indocyanine green with β-cyclodextrin permit real-time characterization of the rat lymphatic system. JVS Vasc Sci 2022; 3:211-218. [PMID: 35574516 PMCID: PMC9092501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Fluorescence contrast technology using indocyanine green (ICG) could be useful for the rapid, dynamic, and objective assessment of blood vessels and the surrounding tissues when combined with near-infrared (NIR) imaging. Although ICG is a clinically available NIR fluorescence imaging probe, it can easily aggregate and is, thus, unstable. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of a host–guest ICG–β-cyclodextrin (CD) complex, which is used in pharmaceutics to improve the water solubility, stability, and bioavailability of hydrophobic molecules, for NIR imaging after hind footpad administration in a rat model. Methods To verify the performance of the ICG-β-CD complex with the host–guest self-assembly method in vivo, we performed simultaneous small animal (IVIS Spectrum system; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) and clinical (DIGI-MIH-001 near-infrared fluorescence imaging system; Beijing Digital Precision Medical Technology Co, Ltd, Beijing, China) imaging and evaluated the fluorescent properties of the ICG-β-CD complex in the hind footpad model of Sprague-Dawley male rats. Results We successfully prepared the ICG-β-CD complex. Compared with ICG, in vivo experiments showed that this complex had reduced absorbance at 710 nm and increased absorbance at 780 nm, indicating that it could prevent the dimeric aggregation of ICG, and a significantly higher fluorescence intensity at 730 nm excitation. After injection of 1.25 mg/mL of ICG or ICG-β-CD complex solutions into the rat hind footpad, fluorescent NIR lymphatic images were observed with both imaging systems. During the 12-hour observation period, the signal background ratio of ICG-β-CD showed a greater acute increase and a higher signal background ratio compared with ICG. The signal background ratio of ICG-β-CD was 125 to 100 from 260 to 540 minutes. These in vivo data suggest that ICG-β-CD has greater diffusion from the injection site and faster transport to the lymphatic system compared with ICG. Conclusions ICG-β-CD showed faster lymphatic transport than ICG, allowing for more rapid lymphatic NIR imaging. Thus, the ICG-β-CD complex might be a promising fluorescent agent for clinical lymphatic NIR imaging. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue fluid homeostasis by draining protein-rich fluid from the perivascular interstitial spaces back into the circulation. The lymphatic system also plays a variety of roles in the progression of some peripheral vascular diseases, including venous leg ulcers, atherosclerotic vascular disease, and severe foot infection. Understanding the dynamic changes of the lymphatic fluid is indispensable for a variety of clinical situations and research areas. We investigated the potential feasibility of the indocyanine green–β-cyclodextrin complex in clinical applications using clinically available near-infrared fluorescence imaging equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhan Yin
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanbin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Di Sun, PhD, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
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Yang L, Huang B, Yang F, Li Y, Gu N. Theoretical Study of the Effects of Nanoparticles on the Acoustic Performance of Microbubbles. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:54-61. [PMID: 34403335 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are growing investigations on incorporating solid nanoparticles (NPs) into the shell of microbubbles (MBs), because NPs may endow the MBs with other bio-functions, such as multimodality imaging and drug delivery. These novel MBs have been developed as hybrid MBs' contrast agents. Generally, the shell density of hybrid MBs was assumed to be the same as water in the studies of bubble dynamics. In fact, the NPs in the layer of MBs can change the density of the shell, which leads to the change of scattering characteristics of MBs under ultrasonic excitation. Thus, it is necessary to develop a new model to simulate dynamics of the hybrid MBs. Here, we have investigated scattering characteristics of the hybrid MB embedded with NPs based on a modified Rayleigh-Plesset model. The numerical and analytical solutions to this equation are obtained for oscillation response, harmonic components, and scattered cross section of hybrid MBs at small-amplitude oscillations. The results indicated that the shell density had a greater impact on the nonlinear harmonics than fundamental ones. Considering acoustic driving frequency and pulse lengths, the largest ultraharmonic amplitude is 14 times larger than the smallest value. Considering the effects of bubble equilibrium radius, the second scattering cross section of hybrid MBs increased first and then decreased with increasing bubble equilibrium radius. Therefore, the optimal values of shell density for hybrid MBs can be predicted to obtain higher scattered signals. This also offers more accurate assessment of scattering characteristics for hybrid MB contrast agents.
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Yang L, Huang B, Hu S, An Y, Sheng J, Li Y, Wang Y, Gu N. Indocyanine green assembled free oxygen-nanobubbles towards enhanced near-infrared induced photodynamic therapy. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:4285-4293. [PMID: 35126878 PMCID: PMC8800431 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown a promising capability for cancer treatment with minimal side effects. Indocyanine green (ICG), the only clinically approved near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore, has been used as a photosensitizer for PDT in clinical application. However, the main obstacle of directly utilizing ICG in the clinic lies in its low singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield (QY) and instability in aqueous solution. To improve the PDT efficacy of ICG, free ICG molecules were assembled with free oxygen nanobubbles (NBs-O2) to fabricate ICG-NBs-O2 by hydrophilic-hydrophobe interactions on the gas-liquid interface. Interestingly, 1O2 QY of ICG-NBs-O2 solution was significantly increased to 1.6%, which was estimated to be 8 times as high as that of free ICG solution. Meanwhile, ICG-NBs-O2 exhibited better aqueous solution stability compared with free ICG. Furthermore, through establishing tumor models in nude mice, the therapeutic efficacy of ICG-NBs-O2 was also assessed in the PDT treatment of oral cancer. The tumor volume in ICG-NBs-O2 treated group on day 14 decreased to 0.56 of the initial tumor size on day 1, while the tumor volume in free ICG treated group increased to 2.4 times. The results demonstrated that ICG-NBs-O2 showed excellent tumor ablation in vivo. Therefore, this facile method provided an effective strategy for enhanced PDT treatment of ICG and showed great potential in clinical application. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (measurements of the singlet oxygen quantum yield of ICG-NBs-O2, time-dependent temperature changes during the laser irradiation, photographs of Cal27 tumor-bearing nude mice and complete blood count of health male balb/c mice analysis) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-4085-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013 China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Yuan An
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Jingyi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
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Cardiovascular Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_12-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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