Vertically Heterogeneous 2D Semi-Interpenetrating Networks Based on Cellulose Acetate and Cross-Linked Polybutadiene

Advances in sample environments for neutron scattering for colloid and interface science

This review describes recent advances in sample environments across the full complement of applicable neutron scattering techniques to colloid and interface science. Temperature, pressure, flow, tensile testing, ultrasound, chemical reactions, IR/visible/UV light, confinement, humidity and electric and magnetic field application, as well as tandem X-ray methods, are all addressed. Consideration for material choices in sample environments and data acquisition methods are also covered as well as discussion of current and potential future use of machine learning and artificial intelligence.

Determining the Surface pKa of Perfluorooctanoic Acid

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an environmentally prevalent and persistent organic pollutant with toxic and bioaccumulative properties. Despite the known importance of perfluorinated pollutants in the global environment, molecular-level details of the physicochemical behavior of PFOA on aqueous interfaces remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized two surface-specific techniques, vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) and surface tensiometry, to investigate the pH-induced structural changes of PFOA and octanoic acid (OA) and determined the apparent pKa at the air-water surface. The SFG spectra and surface activity model were investigated over a wide range of pHs. With the surface tension measurements, the surface pKa values for OA and PFOA are determined to be 3.8 ± 0.1 and 2.2 ± 0.2, respectively. These results could provide insights into improved remediation of PFOAs and may impact climate modeling of perfluorinated alkyl chain molecules.

Highly efficient microencapsulation of phytonutrients by fractioned cellulose using biopolymer complexation technology

A poorly water soluble polar and non-polar bioactive complexes encapsulated in a nanocellulose-based polymeric network are the focus of this research. Ascorbic acid, resveratrol, holy basil extract, pomegranate extract, and niacin are all microencapsulated bioactive complexes that make up Zetalife^®, a nutritional ingredient. It uses an interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) with more dispersed nanocellulose and phospholipids to increase Zetalife^® s bioavailability. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) images were used in studying the morphology of encapsulated bioactive molecules. The average microbead size was determined to be 244.2 nm. After each month of storage, the sample's microbial content was measured to assess stability. In vitro release followed a first-order kinetic model with high R².