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Yotsumoto M, Fujita R, Matsuo M, Nakanishi S, Denda M, Nakata S. Effects of the Molecular Structure of Malodor Substances and Their Masking on 1,2-Dioleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Molecular Layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6878-6883. [PMID: 38501274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Certain odors have been shown not only to cause health problems and stress but also to affect skin barrier function. Therefore, it is important to understand olfactory masking to develop effective fragrances to mask malodors. However, olfaction and olfactory masking mechanisms are not yet fully understood. To understand the mechanism of the masking effect that has been studied, the responses of several target substance (TS) molecules-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) mixed molecular layers to odorant (OD) molecules were examined as a simple experimental model of epithelial cellular membranes injured by TS molecules. Here, we examined trans-2-nonenal, 1-nonanal, trans-2-decenal, and 1-decanal as TS molecules to clarify the effects of double bonds and hydrocarbon chain lengths on the phospholipid molecular layer. In addition, benzaldehyde and cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde were utilized as OD molecules to clarify the masking effect of the aromatic ring. Surface pressure (Π)-area (A) isotherms were measured to clarify the adsorption or desorption of TS and OD molecules on the DOPC molecular layer. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to clarify the interactions among DOPC, TS, and OD molecules. We found that TS molecules with and without double bonds had different effects on the DOPC molecular layer and that molecules with shorter chain lengths had greater effects on the DOPC molecular layer. Furthermore, OD molecules with aromatic rings counteracted the effects of the TS molecules. On the basis of this research, not only a detailed mechanism by which odor molecules affect lipid membranes without mediating olfactory receptors is elucidated but also more effective OD molecules with masking effects are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Yotsumoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Risa Fujita
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shinobu Nakanishi
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 1-2-11 Takashima-cho, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-0011, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Denda
- Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 8F High-Rise Wing, Nakano Campus, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Nishigami M, Uno Y, Tsumoto K. Microscopic Observation of Membrane Fusion between Giant Liposomes and Baculovirus Budded Viruses Activated by the Release of a Caged Proton. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050507. [PMID: 37233568 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Baculovirus (Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, AcMNPV) is an envelope virus possessing a fusogenic protein, GP64, which can be activated under weak acidic conditions close to those in endosomes. When the budded viruses (BVs) are bathed at pH 4.0 to 5.5, they can bind to liposome membranes with acidic phospholipids, and this results in membrane fusion. In the present study, using the caged-proton reagent 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl sulfate, sodium salt (NPE-caged-proton), which can be uncaged by irradiation with ultraviolet light, we triggered the activation of GP64 by lowering the pH and observed membrane fusion on giant liposomes (giant unilamellar vesicles, GUVs) by visualizing the lateral diffusion of fluorescence emitted from a lipophilic fluorochrome (octadecyl rhodamine B chloride, R18) that stained viral envelopes of BVs. In this fusion, entrapped calcein did not leak from the target GUVs. The behavior of BVs prior to the triggering of membrane fusion by the uncaging reaction was closely monitored. BVs appeared to accumulate around a GUV with DOPS, implying that BVs preferred phosphatidylserine. The monitoring of viral fusion triggered by the uncaging reaction could be a valuable tool for revealing the delicate behavior of viruses affected by various chemical and biochemical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nishigami
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuki Uno
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Kanta Tsumoto
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
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