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Waeterschoot J, Gosselé W, Lemež Š, Casadevall I Solvas X. Artificial cells for in vivo biomedical applications through red blood cell biomimicry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2504. [PMID: 38509073 PMCID: PMC10954685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research in artificial cell production holds promise for the development of delivery agents with therapeutic effects akin to real cells. To succeed in these applications, these systems need to survive the circulatory conditions. In this review we present strategies that, inspired by the endurance of red blood cells, have enhanced the viability of large, cell-like vehicles for in vivo therapeutic use, particularly focusing on giant unilamellar vesicles. Insights from red blood cells can guide modifications that could transform these platforms into advanced drug delivery vehicles, showcasing biomimicry's potential in shaping the future of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorik Waeterschoot
- Department of Biosystems - MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Willemien Gosselé
- Department of Biosystems - MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Špela Lemež
- Department of Biosystems - MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Chen M, Leng Y, He C, Li X, Zhao L, Qu Y, Wu Y. Red blood cells: a potential delivery system. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:288. [PMID: 37608283 PMCID: PMC10464085 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cells in the body, possessing unique biological and physical properties. RBCs have demonstrated outstanding potential as delivery vehicles due to their low immunogenicity, long-circulating cycle, and immune characteristics, exhibiting delivery abilities. There have been several developments in understanding the delivery system of RBCs and their derivatives, and they have been applied in various aspects of biomedicine. This article compared the various physiological and physical characteristics of RBCs, analyzed their potential advantages in delivery systems, and summarized their existing practices in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Chen
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Leng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan He
- Guang'an People's Hospital, Guang'an, 638001, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Lipid nanoparticles with erythrocyte cell-membrane proteins. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Comparative analysis of PEG-liposomes and RBCs-derived nanovesicles for anti-tumor therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112785. [PMID: 36037734 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based vesicular nanoparticles, for instance liposomes, conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) have proven to be the closest to an ideal drug delivery vehicle, making way for several PEG-liposomes based nanomedicines in market. However, the synthetic nature of the nanomaterial poses a threat to stimulate immune system. Alternatively, nanovesicles derived from mammalian cells, such as RBCs, have gained interests as they may not elicit much immune response due to the presence of host specific self-recognition markers on their surface. While several reports demonstrating the superior efficacy of these naturally derived vesicles have come out in the last few years, a comparison with clinically established liposomes is still missing. Thus, we conducted an in-vitro and in-vivo comparative studies between PEG-Liposomes and nanovesicles (NVEs) derived from red blood cell (RBC) membrane with an aim to establish a biocompatible nanocarrier for efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and photothermal agents.
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5
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Malhotra S, Dumoga S, Singh N. Red blood cells membrane-derived nanoparticles: Applications and key challenges in their clinical translation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1776. [PMID: 35106966 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membrane-derived nanoparticles, particularly of red blood cells (RBCs), represent an emerging class of drug delivery systems. The lack of nucleus and organelles in these cells makes them easy to process and empty out intracellular contents. The empty vesicle membranes can then be either used as a coating on nanoparticles or can be reassembled into a nanovesicle. Engineered RBCs membrane has unique ability to retain its lipid bilayer architecture with host's proteins during top-down approach, thus allowing it to form stable nanoformulations mimicking RBCs stealth properties. In addition, its core-shell structure allows loading of different drug molecules, and its surface chemistry can be manipulated by facile conjugation with ligands on the shell. The remarkable ability of RBCs membrane to fuse with membranes of other cells enables the formation of hybrid nanovesicles. In this review, we highlight the biomedical applications of such vesicles and discuss the potential challenges related to its clinical translation. Although nano-RBCs retain much of the host's proteins, which may give an edge over synthetic nanoparticles in terms of lower immunogenicity, its production at industrial level is more challenging. This review gives the critical analysis of barriers involved in the translation of RBCs-derived nanoparticles from preclinical to clinical level. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Malhotra
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Dumoga
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Biomedical Engineering unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Miceli V, Fornasier M, Bulati M, Amico G, Conaldi PG, Casu A, Murgia S. In Vitro Evaluation of Nanoerythrosome Cytotoxicity and Uptake in Pancreatic Endothelial Cells: Implications for β-Cell Imaging Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3403-3411. [PMID: 35262354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecule-targeted imaging represents one of the most difficult challenges in medicine. Nanoerythrosomes (NERs) are nanovesicles obtained after lysis of red blood cells, and they are promising tools for drug delivery and imaging. In this work, a formulation based on NERs functionalized with 7-amino-3-methylcoumarin via cross-linking was tested on rat INS-1E and mouse MIN6 β-cells and endothelial MSI cell lines. First, the morphology, size, ζ-potentials, and spectroscopic properties of the aggregates were investigated, highlighting that the functionalization did not significantly affect the nanoparticles' physicochemical features. In vitro, the nanoparticles did not significantly affect the proliferation and function of INS-1E and MIN6 β-cells at different concentrations. Only at the highest concentration tested on the MSI cell line, the formulation inhibited proliferation. Furthermore, NER aggregates were not internalized in both INS-1E and MIN6 cell lines, while a diffuse fluorescence was noticed in the cytosol of the MSI cell line at the highest concentrations. These findings proved that NER formulations might represent a new nanotool for β-cell imaging as a part of a strategy aimed to prevent any intracellular accumulation, thus reducing/avoiding side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Fornasier
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s. bivio Sestu, 09042-I Monserrato, Italy
- CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Amico
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Ri.MED Foundation, via Bandiera 11, I-90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Casu
- Translational Research Institute─AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), via E. Tricomi 5, I-90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari and CSGI, via Ospedale 72, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy
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7
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Lei W, Yang C, Wu Y, Ru G, He X, Tong X, Wang S. Nanocarriers surface engineered with cell membranes for cancer targeted chemotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:45. [PMID: 35062958 PMCID: PMC8781141 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Inspired by nature, the biomimetic approach has been incorporated into drug nanocarriers for cancer targeted chemotherapy. The nanocarriers are cloaked in cell membranes, which enables them to incorporate the functions of natural cells.
Key scientific concepts of review
Nanocarriers surface engineered with cell membranes have emerged as a fascinating source of materials for cancer targeted chemotherapy. A distinctive characteristic of cell membrane-coated nanocarriers (CMCNs) is that they include carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, in addition to being biocompatible. CMCNs are capable of interacting with the complicated biological milieu of the tumor because they contain the signaling networks and intrinsic functions of their parent cells. Numerous cell membranes have been investigated for the purpose of masking nanocarriers with membranes, and various tumor-targeting methods have been devised to improve cancer targeted chemotherapy. Moreover, the diverse structure of the membrane from different cell sources broadens the spectrum of CMCNs and offers an entirely new class of drug-delivery systems.
Aim of review
This review will describe the manufacturing processes for CMCNs and the therapeutic uses for different kinds of cell membrane-coated nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, as well as addressing obstacles and future prospects.
Graphical Abstract
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8
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Malhotra S, Dumoga S, Mehta S, Rao EP, Mohanty S, Singh N. Engineering Cellular Membrane for Dual Mode Therapy Using NIR Responsive Photosensitizer and Reversible Topoisomerase Inhibition Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:570-582. [PMID: 35040623 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research over past few decades has highlighted the challenges of chemotherapy and prompted the need for multimodality therapy because chemotherapy alone cannot fully eradicate the tumor due to physiological barriers in its effective delivery and systemic side effects. It can be mitigated by adopting nanoparticles as more effective delivery method, but none of them completely prevents drug toxicities. Utilizing multiple therapeutic modes such as phototherapy that can act synergistically with chemotherapy in controlling tumor growth, while reducing the overall dosage, could become a preferred route for cancer management. Careful selection of nanoparticle system, which can simultaneously deliver both drug and photosensitizer, can significantly enhance the therapeutic outcome. Therefore, in this paper, we report development and potential of immune-compatible and long circulating nanoerythrosomes for enhancing the therapeutic potential of camptothecin and indocyanine green against murine cancer model. The RBCs membrane simultaneously loaded the nonpolar drug and amphiphilic photosensitizer in its lipid bilayer, which self-assembled to form stable nanoparticles. These nano constructs absorbed light in the near-infrared region and hence are suitable for targeting deep seated tissues. The dual chemo-phototherapy had great effect on cell viability and had therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Malhotra
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shweta Dumoga
- Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut 250005, India
| | - Supriya Mehta
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - E Pranshu Rao
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.,Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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9
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Agrawal NR, Omarova M, Burni F, John VT, Raghavan SR. Spontaneous Formation of Stable Vesicles and Vesicle Gels in Polar Organic Solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7955-7965. [PMID: 34169719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of lipids into nanoscale vesicles (liposomes) is routinely accomplished in water. However, reports of similar vesicles in polar organic solvents like glycerol, formamide, and ethylene glycol (EG) are scarce. Here, we demonstrate the formation of nanoscale vesicles in glycerol, formamide, and EG using the common phospholipid lecithin (derived from soy). The samples we study are simple binary mixtures of lecithin and the solvent, with no additional cosurfactants or salt. Lecithin dissolves readily in the solvents and spontaneously gives rise to viscous fluids at low lipid concentrations (∼2-4%), with structures ∼200 nm detected by dynamic light scattering. At higher concentrations (>10%), lecithin forms clear gels that are strongly birefringent at rest. Dynamic rheology confirms the elastic response of gels, with their elastic modulus being ∼20 Pa at ∼10% lipid. Images from cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) indicate that concentrated samples are "vesicle gels," where multilamellar vesicles (MLVs, also called "onions"), with diameters between 50 and 600 nm, are close-packed across the sample volume. This structure can explain both the elastic rheology as well as the static birefringence of the samples. The discovery of vesicles and vesicle gels in polar solvents widens the scope of systems that can be created by self-assembly. Interestingly, it is much easier to form vesicles in polar solvents than in water, and the former are stable indefinitely, whereas the latter tend to aggregate or coalesce over time. The stability is attributed to refractive index-matching between lipid bilayers and the solvents, i.e., these vesicles are relatively "invisible" and thus experience only weak attractions. The ability to use lipids (which are "green" or eco-friendly molecules derived from renewable natural sources) to thicken and form gels in polar solvents could also prove useful in a variety of areas, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti R Agrawal
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Marzhana Omarova
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Faraz Burni
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Vijay T John
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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10
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Della Pelle G, Kostevšek N. Nucleic Acid Delivery with Red-Blood-Cell-Based Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5264. [PMID: 34067699 PMCID: PMC8156122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has the potential to become a staple of 21st-century medicine. However, to overcome the limitations of existing gene-delivery therapies, that is, poor stability and inefficient and delivery and accumulation of nucleic acids (NAs), safe drug-delivery systems (DDSs) allowing the prolonged circulation and expression of the administered genes in vivo are needed. In this review article, the development of DDSs over the past 70 years is briefly described. Since synthetic DDSs can be recognized and eliminated as foreign substances by the immune system, new approaches must be found. Using the body's own cells as DDSs is a unique and exciting strategy and can be used in a completely new way to overcome the critical limitations of existing drug-delivery approaches. Among the different circulatory cells, red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant and thus can be isolated in sufficiently large quantities to decrease the complexity and cost of the treatment compared to other cell-based carriers. Therefore, in the second part, this article describes 70 years of research on the development of RBCs as DDSs, covering the most important RBC properties and loading methods. In the third part, it focuses on RBCs as the NA delivery system with advantages and drawbacks discussed to decide whether they are suitable for NA delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Della Pelle
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Kostevšek
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Hanley T, Vankayala R, Lee CH, Tang JC, Burns JM, Anvari B. Phototheranostics Using Erythrocyte-Based Particles. Biomolecules 2021; 11:729. [PMID: 34068081 PMCID: PMC8152750 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a recent increase in the development of delivery systems based on red blood cells (RBCs) for light-mediated imaging and therapeutic applications. These constructs are able to take advantage of the immune evasion properties of the RBC, while the addition of an optical cargo allows the particles to be activated by light for a number of promising applications. Here, we review some of the common fabrication methods to engineer these constructs. We also present some of the current light-based applications with potential for clinical translation, and offer some insight into future directions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hanley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.H.); (R.V.); (J.C.T.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Raviraj Vankayala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.H.); (R.V.); (J.C.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Radoptics, Limited Liability Company, 1002 Health Sciences Road, East, Suite P214, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Jack C. Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.H.); (R.V.); (J.C.T.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Joshua M. Burns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.H.); (R.V.); (J.C.T.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (T.H.); (R.V.); (J.C.T.); (J.M.B.)
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Magneto-Erythrocyte Membrane Vesicles’ Superior T2 MRI Contrast Agents to Magneto-Liposomes. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite their high potential, most of the clinically approved iron oxide (IO)-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been withdrawn from the market either due to safety issues or lack of sales. To address this challenge, erythrocyte membranes have been used to prepare IO-based T2 contrast agents with superior MRI properties and higher safety margin. A simple formulation procedure has been proposed, and the nanostructures’ morphology and physicochemical properties have been evaluated. We compared their performance in terms of contrast ability in MRI to the more clinically established magneto-liposomes and non-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs). The encapsulation of 5-nm iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) in the liposomes and erythrocyte membrane vesicles (EMVs) led to a significant improvement in their r2 relaxivity. r2 values increased to r2 = 188 ± 2 mM−1s−1 for magneto-liposomes and r2 = 269 ± 3 mM−1s−1 for magneto-erythrocyte membranes, compared to “free” IO NPs with (r2 = 12 ± 1 mM−1 s−1), measured at a 9.4 T MRI scanner. The superiority of magneto-erythrocyte membranes in terms of MRI contrast efficacy is clearly shown on T2-weighted MR images. Our study revealed the hemocompatibility of the developed contrast agents in the MRI-relevant concentration range.
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Chronicles of Nanoerythrosomes: An Erythrocyte-Based Biomimetic Smart Drug Delivery System as a Therapeutic and Diagnostic Tool in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030368. [PMID: 33802156 PMCID: PMC7998655 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, drug delivery using natural biological carriers has emerged as one of the most widely investigated topics of research. Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, can act as potential carriers for a wide variety of drugs, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory, along with various proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other macromolecules. The red blood cell-based nanocarrier systems, also called nanoerythrosomes, are nanovesicles poised with extraordinary features such as long blood circulation times, the ability to escape immune system, the ability to release the drug gradually, the protection of drugs from various endogenous factors, targeted and specified delivery of drugs, as well as possessing both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in various fields of biomedical sciences. Their journey over the last two decades is escalating with fast pace, ranging from in vivo to preclinical and clinical studies by encapsulating a number of drugs into these carriers. Being biomimetic nanoparticles, they have enhanced the stability profile of drugs and their excellent site-specific targeting ability makes them potential carrier systems in the diagnosis and therapy of wide variety of tumors including gliomas, lung cancers, breast cancers, colon cancers, gastric cancers, and other solid tumors. This review focuses on the most recent advancements in the field of nanoerythrosomes, as an excellent and promising nanoplatform for the novel drug delivery of various drugs particularly antineoplastic drugs along with their potential as a promising diagnostic tool for the identification of different tumors.
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Polymeric micelles coated with hybrid nanovesicles enhance the therapeutic potential of the reversible topoisomerase inhibitor camptothecin in a mouse model. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:579-591. [PMID: 33285325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles with longer blood circulation, high loading capacity, controlled release at the targeted site, and preservation of camptothecin (CPT) in its lactone form are the key characteristics for the effective delivery of CPT. In this regard, natural membrane-derived nanovesicles, particularly those derived from RBC membrane, are important. RBC membrane can be engineered to form vesicles or can be coated over synthetic nanoparticles, without losing their basic structural features and can have prolonged circulation time. Here, we developed a hybrid system to encapsulate CPT inside the amphiphilic micelle and coat it with RBC membrane. Thus, it uses the dual ability of polymeric micelles to preserve CPT in its active form, while maintaining its "stealth" effect due to conserved RBC membrane coating. The hybrid system stabilized 60% of the drug in its active form even after 30 h of incubation in serum, in contrast to 15% active form present in free drug formulation after 1 h of incubation. It showed strong retention inside the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) mice models for at least 72 h, suggesting camouflaging ability conferred by RBC membrane. Additionally, the nano formulation retarded the tumor growth rate more efficiently than free drug, with no evident signs of necrotic skin lesions. Histopathological analysis showed a significant reduction in cardiac atrophy, hepato-renal degeneration, and lung metastasis, which resulted in the increased overall survival of mice treated with the nano formulation. Hence, CPT-loaded polymeric micelles when coated with RBC membrane can prove to be a better system for the delivery of poorly soluble drug camptothecin.
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15
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Tang JC, Vankayala R, Mac JT, Anvari B. RBC-Derived Optical Nanoparticles Remain Stable After a Freeze-Thaw Cycle. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10003-10011. [PMID: 32787036 PMCID: PMC9844156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized carriers engineered from red blood cells (RBCs) provide a means for delivering various cargos, including drugs, biologics, and imaging agents. We have engineered nanosized particles from RBCs, doped with the near-infrared (NIR) fluorochrome, indocyanine green (ICG). An important issue related to clinical translation of RBC-derived nanocarriers, including these NIR nanoparticles, is their stability postfabrication. Freezing may provide a method for long-term storage of these and other RBC-derived nanoparticles. Herein, we have investigated the physical and optical stability of these particles in response to a single freeze-thaw cycle. Nanoparticles were frozen to -20 °C, stored frozen for up to 8 weeks, and then thawed at room temperature. Our results show that the hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, optical density, and NIR fluorescence emission of these nanoparticles are retained following the freeze-thaw cycle. The ability of these nanoparticles in NIR fluorescence imaging of ovarian cancer cells, as well as their biodistribution in reticuloendothelial organs of healthy Swiss Webster mice after the freeze-thaw cycle is similar to that for freshly prepared nanoparticles. These results indicate that a single cycle of freezing the RBC-derived nanoparticles to -20 °C followed by thawing at room temperature is an effective method to retain the physical and optical characteristics of the nanoparticles, and their interactions with biological systems without the need for use of cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Raviraj Vankayala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jenny T Mac
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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16
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Fornasier M, Porcheddu A, Casu A, Raghavan SR, Jönsson P, Schillén K, Murgia S. Surface-modified nanoerythrosomes for potential optical imaging diagnostics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 582:246-253. [PMID: 32823126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanoerythrosomes (NERs), vesicle-like nanoparticles derived from red blood cells, represent a new and interesting vector for therapeutic molecules and imaging probes, mainly thanks to their high stability and excellent biocompatibility. Aiming to present a proof-of-concept of the use of NERs as diagnostic tools for in vitro/in vivo imaging purposes, we report here several functionalization routes to decorate the surfaces of NERs derived from bovine blood with two different fluorophores: 7-amino-4-methylcumarin and dibenzocyclooctinecyanine5.5. Notably, the fluorophores were cross-linked to the NERs surface with glutaraldehyde and, in the case of dibenzocyclooctinecyanine5.5, also using a click-chemistry route, termed strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The physicochemical characterization highlighted the high stability of the NERs derivatives in physiological conditions. Furthermore, the loading efficiency of the fluorophores on the NERs surface was evaluated using both UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fornasier
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s. 554 bivio Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s. 554 bivio Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Casu
- Translational Research Institute-AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, ML 20742, USA
| | - Peter Jönsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Schillén
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s. 554 bivio Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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17
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Oliver M, Roca-Jiménez M, Miró M, Cocovi-Solberg DJ. In quest of effect directed analysis in the smart laboratory: Automated system for flow-through evaluation of membranotropic effects of emerging contaminants. Talanta 2020; 209:120600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yaman S, Chintapula U, Rodriguez E, Ramachandramoorthy H, Nguyen KT. Cell-mediated and cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for drug delivery and cancer therapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:879-911. [PMID: 33796822 PMCID: PMC8011581 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery platforms have been developed over the last two decades because of their favorable features in terms of improved drug bioavailability and stability. Despite recent advancement in nanotechnology platforms, this approach still falls short to meet the complexity of biological systems and diseases, such as avoiding systemic side effects, manipulating biological interactions and overcoming drug resistance, which hinders the therapeutic outcomes of the NP-based drug delivery systems. To address these issues, various strategies have been developed including the use of engineered cells and/or cell membrane-coated nanocarriers. Cell membrane receptor profiles and characteristics are vital in performing therapeutic functions, targeting, and homing of either engineered cells or cell membrane-coated nanocarriers to the sites of interest. In this context, we comprehensively discuss various cell- and cell membrane-based drug delivery approaches towards cancer therapy, the therapeutic potential of these strategies, and the limitations associated with engineered cells as drug carriers and cell membrane-associated drug nanocarriers. Finally, we review various cell types and cell membrane receptors for their potential in targeting, immunomodulation and overcoming drug resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Yaman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Joint Bioengineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Yaman S and Chintapula U contributed equally to this work
| | - Uday Chintapula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Joint Bioengineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Yaman S and Chintapula U contributed equally to this work
| | - Edgar Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Harish Ramachandramoorthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Joint Bioengineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Kytai T. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Joint Bioengineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Correspondence Address: Dr. Kytai T. Nguyen, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd ERB244, Arlington, TX 76010, USA. E-mail:
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Nanoerythrosomes tailoring: Lipid induced protein scaffolding in ghost membrane derived vesicles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110428. [PMID: 32228942 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A peculiar polygonal protein scaffolding that resembles to spectrin-based skeleton of red blood cells can be reconstructed on the outer surface of vesicle-like nanoerythrosomes. The approximately 130 nm sized nanoerythrosomes are produced from red blood cell ghosts by addition of phospholipids (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC). The scaffolding, constructed from the structural proteins of the cell membrane skeleton, covers the whole object resulting an enhanced stiffness. The protein pattern of the scaffolding is thermosensitive, reversible transformable in the biologically relevant temperature range. When the lipid additive is changed from DPPC to lysophospholipid (LPC), the protein network/scaffolding ceases to exist. By the variation of lipid type and ratio, a tailoring of the nanoerythrosomes can be achieved. During the tailoring process nanoerythrosomes or micelles, in a wide size range from 200 to 30 nm, are produced.
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20
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Malhotra S, Dumoga S, Sirohi P, Singh N. Red Blood Cells-Derived Vesicles for Delivery of Lipophilic Drug Camptothecin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22141-22151. [PMID: 31148443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, cell membrane-derived nanoparticles, particularly of RBCs, have been explored for delivery of hydrophilic solutes of varied size and complexities. So far, these naturally derived nanoparticles show a significant overlap with liposomes in terms of stability, solute encapsulation, and release. Unlike hydrophilic molecules, which are loaded inside the aqueous core, hydrophobic moieties largely partition inside the lipophilic shell, hence fate of these nanocarriers may be different. Since vesicles have more complex membrane architecture (due to natural lipids and additional proteins and glycoproteins), ease of loading hydrophobic drug, its release pattern, and overall particle stability cannot be compared to those of synthetic lipid-based carriers. Therefore, we derived nanovesicles (NVEs) from RBC membrane, loaded with hydrophobic drug camptothecin (CPT) and labeled noncovalently with amphiphilic fluorophore (CM-DiI). Although both CPT and CM-DiI are known to partition inside the membrane, the overall stability of NVEs and composition of membrane proteins, particularly CD47, "marker of self", did not change. Additionally, the developed NVEs were found to be nonphagocytic even in the presence of serum and showed minimal stimulation of macrophages to release cytokines. Further, this system showed slow release but strong retention of CPT and CM-DiI, respectively, over 24 h, hence appropriate for theranostic applications. Also, NVEs were internalized by lung carcinoma cells and possessed slightly higher toxicity than free CPT. When injected intravenously in balb/c mice, these nanovesicles showed higher retention in blood over 48 h and insignificant accumulation in vital organs like heart and kidneys, thus suggesting its potential for in vivo application. We believe that this system has superior stealth and comparable physicochemical properties to synthetic lipid-based nanocarriers; hence, it can be further developed as personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neetu Singh
- Biomedical Engineering Unit , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029 , India
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21
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Vankayala R, Mac JT, Burns JM, Dunn E, Carroll S, Bahena EM, Patel DK, Griffey S, Anvari B. Biodistribution and toxicological evaluation of micron- and nano-sized erythrocyte-derived optical particles in healthy Swiss Webster mice. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2123-2133. [PMID: 30869663 PMCID: PMC9844153 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01448e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Particle-based systems provide a capability for the delivery of imaging and/or therapeutic payloads. We have engineered constructs derived from erythrocytes, and doped with the FDA-approved near infrared dye, indocyanine green (ICG). We refer to these optical particles as NIR erythrocyte-mimicking transducers (NETs). A particular feature of NETs is that their diameters can be tuned from micron- to nano-scale. Herein, we investigated the effects of micron- (≈2.6 μm diameter), and nano- (≈145 nm diameter) sized NETs on their biodistribution, and evaluated their acute toxicity in healthy Swiss Webster mice. Following tail vein injection of free ICG and NETs, animals were euthanized at various time points up to 48 hours. Fluorescence analysis of blood showed that nearly 11% of the injected amount of nano-sized NETs (nNETs) remained in blood at 48 hours post-injection as compared to ≈5% for micron-sized NETs (μNETs). Similarly, at this time point, higher levels of nNETs were present in various organs including the lungs, liver, and spleen. Histological analyses of various organs, extracted at 24 hours post-injection of NETs, did not show pathological alterations. Serum biochemistry profiles, in general, did not show elevated levels of the various analyzed biomarkers associated with liver and kidney functions. Values of various hematological profiles remained within the normal ranges following the administration of μNETs and nNETs. Results of this study suggest that erythrocyte-derived particles can potentially provide a non-toxic platform for delivery of ICG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviraj Vankayala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jenny T. Mac
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua M. Burns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Eugene Dunn
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stefanie Carroll
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Edver M. Bahena
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dipti K. Patel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Stephen Griffey
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA,Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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22
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Tang JC, Partono A, Anvari B. Near-Infrared-Fluorescent Erythrocyte-Mimicking Particles: Physical and Optical Characteristics. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:1034-1044. [PMID: 30130175 PMCID: PMC6382600 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2866368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous fluorescent materials activated by near-infrared (NIR) light can offer deep optical imaging with subcellular resolution, and enhanced image contrast. We have engineered NIR particles by doping hemoglobin-depleted erythrocyte ghosts (EGs) with indocyanine green (ICG). We refer to these optical particles as NIR erythrocyte-mimicking transducers (NETs). A particular feature of NETs is that their diameters can be tuned from micrometer to nanometer scale, thereby, providing a capability for broad NIR biomedical imaging applications. Herein, we investigate the effects of ICG concentration on key material properties of micrometer-sized NETs, and nanometer-sized NETs fabricated by either sonication or mechanical extrusion of EGs. The zeta potentials of NETs do not vary significantly with ICG concentration, suggesting that ICG is encapsulated within NETs regardless of particle size or ICG concentration. Loading efficiency of ICG into the NETs monotonically decreases with increasing values of ICG concentration. Based on quantitative analyses of the fluorescence emission spectra of the NETs, we determine that 20 μM ICG utilized during fabrication of NETs presents an optimal concentration that maximizes the integrated fluorescence emission for micrometer- and nanometer-sized NETs. Encapsulation of the ICG in these constructs also enhances the fluorescence stability and quantum yield of ICG. These results guide the engineering of NETs with maximal NIR emission for imaging applications such as fluorescence-guided tumor resection and real-time angiography.
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Mac JT, Vankayala R, Patel DK, Wueste S, Anvari B. Erythrocyte-Derived Optical Nanoprobes Doped with Indocyanine Green-Bound Albumin: Material Characteristics and Evaluation for Cancer Cell Imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3055-3062. [PMID: 33435025 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanosize structures activated by near-infrared (NIR) photoexcitation can provide an optical platform for the image-guided removal of small tumor nodules. We have engineered nanoparticles derived from erythrocytes that can be doped with NIR fluorophore indocyanine green (ICG). We refer to these constructs as NIR erythrocyte-derived transducers (NETs). The objective of this study was to determine if ICG-bound albumin (IbA), as the doping material, could enhance the fluorescence emission of NETs, and evaluate the capability of these nanoprobes in imaging cancer cells. Erythrocytes were isolated from bovine whole blood and depleted of hemoglobin to form erythrocyte ghosts (EGs). EGs were then extruded through nanosize porous membranes in the presence of 10-100 μm ICG or Iba (1:1 molar ratio) to form ICG- or IbA-doped NETs. The resulting nanosize constructs were characterized for their diameters, zeta-potentials, absorption, and fluorescence emission spectra. We used fluorescence microscopic imaging to evaluate the capability of the constructs in imaging SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Based on dynamic light-scattering measurements, ICG- and IbA-doped NETs had similar diameter distributions (Z-average diameter of 236 and 238 nm, respectively) in phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, which remained nearly constant over the course of 2 h at 37 °C. Despite a much-lower loading efficiency of IbA (∼0.7-8%) as compared to ICG (10-45%), the integrated normalized fluorescence emission of IbA-NETs was 2- to 6-fold higher than ICG-doped NETs. IbA-NETs also demonstrated an enhanced capability in fluorescence imaging of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, and can serve as potentially effective nanoprobes for the fluorescence imaging of cancerous cells.
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24
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Ranganath SH. Bioengineered cellular and cell membrane-derived vehicles for actively targeted drug delivery: So near and yet so far. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:57-80. [PMID: 29935987 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular carriers for drug delivery are attractive alternatives to synthetic nanoparticles owing to their innate homing/targeting abilities. Here, we review molecular interactions involved in the homing of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and other cell types to understand the process of designing and engineering highly efficient, actively targeting cellular vehicles. In addition, we comprehensively discuss various genetic and non-genetic strategies and propose futuristic approaches of engineering MSC homing using micro/nanotechnology and high throughput small molecule screening. Most of the targeting abilities of a cell come from its plasma membrane, thus, efforts to harness cell membranes as drug delivery vehicles are gaining importance and are highlighted here. We also recognize and report the lack of detailed characterization of cell membranes in terms of safety, structural integrity, targeting functionality, and drug transport. Finally, we provide insights on future development of bioengineered cellular and cell membrane-derived vesicles for successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir H Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, B.H. Road, Tumakuru, 572103, Karnataka, India.
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25
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Lv W, Xu J, Wang X, Li X, Xu Q, Xin H. Bioengineered Boronic Ester Modified Dextran Polymer Nanoparticles as Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Nanocarrier for Ischemic Stroke Treatment. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5417-5426. [PMID: 29869497 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and death worldwide. Current drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of ischemic stroke are less than satisfactory, in large part due to their short circulation lives, lack of specific targeting to the ischemic site, and poor controllability of drug release. In light of the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ischemic neuron, we herein developed a bioengineered ROS-responsive nanocarrier for stroke-specific delivery of a neuroprotective agent, NR2B9C, against ischemic brain damage. The nanocarrier is composed of a dextran polymer core modified with ROS-responsive boronic ester and a red blood cell (RBC) membrane shell with stroke homing peptide (SHp) inserted. These targeted "core-shell" nanoparticles (designated as SHp-RBC-NP) could thus have controlled release of NR2B9C triggered by high intracellular ROS in ischemic neurons after homing to ischemic brain tissues. The potential of the SHp-RBC-NP for ischemic stroke therapy was systematically evaluated in vitro and in rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In vitro results showed that the SHp-RBC-NP had great protective effects on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in PC-12 cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) testing further demonstrated that the bioengineered nanoparticles can drastically prolong the systemic circulation of NR2B9C, enhance the active targeting of the ischemic area in the MCAO rats, and reduce ischemic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
- Jiangsu Jiangyin People's Hospital , Jiangyin 214400 , China
| | - Jianpei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Sir Run Run Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Qunwei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
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Balasubramanian V, Poillucci A, Correia A, Zhang H, Celia C, Santos HA. Cell Membrane-Based Nanoreactor To Mimic the Bio-Compartmentalization Strategy of a Cell. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1471-1478. [PMID: 30159384 PMCID: PMC6108536 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Organelles
of eukaryotic cells are structures made up of membranes,
which carry out a majority of functions necessary for the surviving
of the cell itself. Organelles also differentiate the prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells, and are arranged to form different compartments
guaranteeing the activities for which eukaryotic cells are programmed.
Cell membranes, containing organelles, are isolated from cancer cells
and erythrocytes and used to form biocompatible and long-circulating
ghost nanoparticles delivering payloads or catalyzing enzymatic reactions
as nanoreactors. In this attempt, red blood cell membranes were isolated
from erythrocytes, and engineered to form nanoerythrosomes (NERs)
of 150 nm. The horseradish peroxidase, used as an enzyme model, was
loaded inside the aqueous compartment of NERs, and its catalytic reaction
with Resorufin was monitored. The resulting nanoreactor protected
the enzyme from proteolytic degradation, and potentiated the enzymatic
reaction in situ as demonstrated by maximal velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km), thus suggesting the high catalytic activity of nanoreactors compared
to the pure enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimalkumar Balasubramanian
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Andrea Poillucci
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti I-66100, Italy
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Åbo Akademy University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, Turku FI-20520, Finland.,Turku Center of Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistokatu 6, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti I-66100, Italy.,Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.,Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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27
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Dong X, Niu Y, Ding Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Leng W, Qin L. Formulation and Drug Loading Features of Nano-Erythrocytes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:202. [PMID: 28314369 PMCID: PMC5355415 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nano erythrocyte ghosts have recently been used as drug carriers of water-soluble APIs due to inherit biological characteristics of good compatibility, low toxicity, and small side-effect. In this study, we developed a novel drug delivery system based on nano erythrocyte ghosts (STS-Nano-RBCs) to transport Sodium Tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) for intravenous use in rat. STS-Nano-RBCs were prepared by hypotonic lysis and by extrusion methods, and its biological properties were investigated compared with STS injection. The results revealed that STS-Nano-RBCs have narrow particle size distribution, good drug loading efficiency, and good stability within 21 days. Compared with STS injection, STS-Nano-RBCs extended the drug release time in vitro and in vivo with better repairing effect on oxidative stress-impaired endothelial cells. These results suggest that the nano erythrocyte ghosts system could be used to deliver STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yawei Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Guangzhou Institute for Drug Control, 23 Xizeng Road, Guangzhou, 510160, China
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jialan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Leng
- Jacobson Pharma Group, 7 Dai Shun Street, Tai Po District, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Linghao Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Chhabria V, Beeton S. Development of nanosponges from erythrocyte ghosts for removal of streptolysin-O from mammalian blood. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2797-2807. [PMID: 27764982 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To produce mammalian biomimetic nanosponges from mammalian erythrocyte ghosts. Biomimetic nanosponges were studied in vitro as treatment platforms against exotoxin-related sepsis. METHODS Ovine blood was treated with hypotonic buffer to create erythrocyte ghosts and then subjected to sonication to produce erythrocyte vesicles of nonuniform size. Vesicles were then serially extruded through 400-nm and 100-nm polycarbonate membranes. Nanosponges were prepared by fusing poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) cores with ovine erythrocyte vesicles. RESULTS Ovine erythrocytes were the most susceptible to streptolysin-O lysis, making it a model to study sepsis treatment. Ovine nanosponges adsorbed streptolysin-O at 37 and 40°C. CONCLUSION These results identify ovine nanosponges as novel therapeutic model to test adsorption of cholesterol binding toxins such as streptolysin-O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikesh Chhabria
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Steve Beeton
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
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