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Hashiba K, Sato Y, Taguchi M, Sakamoto S, Otsu A, Maeda Y, Shishido T, Murakawa M, Okazaki A, Harashima H. Branching Ionizable Lipids Can Enhance the Stability, Fusogenicity, and Functional Delivery of mRNA. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hashiba
- Nucleic Acid Medicine Business Division Nitto Denko Corporation 1-1-2, Shimohozumi Ibaraki Osaka 567-8680 Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-12, Nishi-6 Kita-Ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Masamitsu Taguchi
- Nucleic Acid Medicine Business Division Nitto Denko Corporation 1-1-2, Shimohozumi Ibaraki Osaka 567-8680 Japan
| | - Sachiko Sakamoto
- Nucleic Acid Medicine Business Division Nitto Denko Corporation 1-1-2, Shimohozumi Ibaraki Osaka 567-8680 Japan
| | - Ayaka Otsu
- Nucleic Acid Medicine Business Division Nitto Denko Corporation 1-1-2, Shimohozumi Ibaraki Osaka 567-8680 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Maeda
- Nucleic Acid Medicine Business Division Nitto Denko Corporation 1-1-2, Shimohozumi Ibaraki Osaka 567-8680 Japan
| | - Takuya Shishido
- Nucleic Acid Medicine Business Division Nitto Denko Corporation 1-1-2, Shimohozumi Ibaraki Osaka 567-8680 Japan
| | - Masao Murakawa
- Nucleic Acid Medicine Business Division Nitto Denko Corporation 1-1-2, Shimohozumi Ibaraki Osaka 567-8680 Japan
| | - Arimichi Okazaki
- Nucleic Acid Medicine Business Division Nitto Denko Corporation 1-1-2, Shimohozumi Ibaraki Osaka 567-8680 Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-12, Nishi-6 Kita-Ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
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Schoenmaker L, Witzigmann D, Kulkarni JA, Verbeke R, Kersten G, Jiskoot W, Crommelin DJA. mRNA-lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccines: Structure and stability. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120586. [PMID: 33839230 PMCID: PMC8032477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 188.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A drawback of the current mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) COVID-19 vaccines is that they have to be stored at (ultra)low temperatures. Understanding the root cause of the instability of these vaccines may help to rationally improve mRNA-LNP product stability and thereby ease the temperature conditions for storage. In this review we discuss proposed structures of mRNA-LNPs, factors that impact mRNA-LNP stability and strategies to optimize mRNA-LNP product stability. Analysis of mRNA-LNP structures reveals that mRNA, the ionizable cationic lipid and water are present in the LNP core. The neutral helper lipids are mainly positioned in the outer, encapsulating, wall. mRNA hydrolysis is the determining factor for mRNA-LNP instability. It is currently unclear how water in the LNP core interacts with the mRNA and to what extent the degradation prone sites of mRNA are protected through a coat of ionizable cationic lipids. To improve the stability of mRNA-LNP vaccines, optimization of the mRNA nucleotide composition should be prioritized. Secondly, a better understanding of the milieu the mRNA is exposed to in the core of LNPs may help to rationalize adjustments to the LNP structure to preserve mRNA integrity. Moreover, drying techniques, such as lyophilization, are promising options still to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Schoenmaker
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gideon Kersten
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstrasse 18b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstrasse 18b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Anton N, Pierrat P, Brou GA, Gbassi GK, Omran Z, Lebeau L, Vandamme TF, Bouriat P. The pH-Induced Specific Area Changes of Unsaturated Lipids Deposited onto a Bubble Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2586-2595. [PMID: 33577340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we used an original experimental setup to examine the behavior of insoluble monolayers made with pH-sensitive lipids. Two kinds of unsaturated lipids were chosen: a cationic one (lipid 1) bearing an ammonium headgroup and an anionic one (lipid 2) terminated with an acidic phenol group. The lipids were deposited onto an air bubble interface maintained in an aqueous phase and, after stabilization, were subjected to a series of compressions performed at different pH values. These experiments disclosed a gradual increase in the specific area per molecule when lipids were neutralized. Imposing a pH variation at constant bubble volume also provided surface pressure profiles that confirmed this molecular behavior. As complementary characterization, dilatational rheology disclosed a phase transition from a purely elastic monophasic system to a viscoelastic two-phase system. We hypothesized that this unexpected increase in the specific area with lipid neutralization is related to the presence of unsaturations in each of the two branches of the hydrophobic tails that induce disorder, thereby increasing the molecular area at the interface. Application of the two-dimensional Volmer equation of state allowed the generation of quantitative values for the specific areas that showed variations with pH. It also allowed the determination of apparent pKa values, which are affected by both the electrostatic potential within the monolayer and the affinity of the lipid polar head for the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Anton
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Pierrat
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM UMR 7053, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Germain A Brou
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Université Felix Houphouet Boigny, Chim Phys Lab, 22BP 582, Abidjan 22, Abidjan 582, Cote Ivoire
| | - Gildas K Gbassi
- Université Felix Houphouet Boigny, Chim Phys Lab, 22BP 582, Abidjan 22, Abidjan 582, Cote Ivoire
| | - Ziad Omran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm AlQura University, 21955 Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luc Lebeau
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry F Vandamme
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Bouriat
- CNRS/Total/Univ PAU & PAYS ADOUR/E2S UPPA, Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs -IPRA, UMR5150, 64000 PAU, France
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Weiss M, Fan J, Claudel M, Sonntag T, Didier P, Ronzani C, Lebeau L, Pons F. Density of surface charge is a more predictive factor of the toxicity of cationic carbon nanoparticles than zeta potential. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:5. [PMID: 33407567 PMCID: PMC7789233 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A positive surface charge has been largely associated with nanoparticle (NP) toxicity. However, by screening a carbon NP library in macrophages, we found that a cationic charge does not systematically translate into toxicity. To get deeper insight into this, we carried out a comprehensive study on 5 cationic carbon NPs (NP2 to NP6) exhibiting a similar zeta (ζ) potential value (from + 20.6 to + 26.9 mV) but displaying an increasing surface charge density (electrokinetic charge, Qek from 0.23 to 4.39 µmol/g). An anionic and non-cytotoxic NP (NP1, ζ-potential = - 38.5 mV) was used as control. RESULTS The 5 cationic NPs induced high (NP6 and NP5, Qek of 2.95 and 4.39 µmol/g, respectively), little (NP3 and NP4, Qek of 0.78 and 1.35 µmol/g, respectively) or no (NP2, Qek of 0.23 µmol/g) viability loss in THP-1-derived macrophages exposed for 24 h to escalating NP dose (3 to 200 µg/mL). A similar toxicity trend was observed in airway epithelial cells (A549 and Calu-3), with less viability loss than in THP-1 cells. NP3, NP5 and NP6 were taken up by THP-1 cells at 4 h, whereas NP1, NP2 and NP4 were not. Among the 6 NPs, only NP5 and NP6 with the highest surface charge density induced significant oxidative stress, IL-8 release, mitochondrial dysfunction and loss in lysosomal integrity in THP-1 cells. As well, in mice, NP5 and NP6 only induced airway inflammation. NP5 also increased allergen-induced immune response, airway inflammation and mucus production. CONCLUSIONS Thus, this study clearly reveals that the surface charge density of a cationic carbon NP rather than the absolute value of its ζ-potential is a relevant descriptor of its in vitro and in vivo toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Weiss
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Mickaël Claudel
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Thomas Sonntag
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7021, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Carole Ronzani
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Luc Lebeau
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Pons
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7199, 74 route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch, France.
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Fan J, Claudel M, Ronzani C, Arezki Y, Lebeau L, Pons F. Physicochemical characteristics that affect carbon dot safety: Lessons from a comprehensive study on a nanoparticle library. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118521. [PMID: 31323371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging nanomaterial in medicine and pharmacy. To explore the impact of physicochemical characteristics on their safety, we synthesized a library of 35 CDs exhibiting different size, charge, chemical composition and surface coating, using various starting materials (carbon source and passivation reagent) and carbonization procedures. The 35 CDs triggered different levels of viability loss when incubated with human macrophages at 3-200 µg/mL for 24 h. The smaller NPs (10-20 nm) were more toxic that larger ones (40-100 nm), whereas NPs that aggregated in culture medium were more toxic than dispersed ones. A positive correlation was found between CD charge or nitrogen content and toxicity. Furthermore, a greater toxicity was observed for CDs prepared from high molecular weight polyamines, suggesting a role of the CD global density of positive charges, rather than the charge at the CD surface, in the CD toxicity. At last, PEG decoration decreased the toxicity of cationic NPs. In conclusion, the size, aggregation in culture medium, charge, nitrogen content, nature of the passivation agent and synthesis procedure were found to influence CD toxicity, making it difficult to predict CD safety from a single characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Fan
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Mickaël Claudel
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Carole Ronzani
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Yasmin Arezki
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Luc Lebeau
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Pons
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France.
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Watanabe N, Suga K, Umakoshi H. Comparison of Physicochemical Membrane Properties of Vesicles Modified with Guanidinium Derivatives. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9213-9222. [PMID: 28820256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bilayer vesicles have garnered considerable research attention as molecular vehicles capable of noncovalent interaction with biomolecules via electrostatic and hydrophobic bonds and van der Waals interactions. Guanidinium strongly interacts with phosphate groups. Thus, guanidinium modification of vesicles helps intensify the interaction between lipid membranes and nucleic acids. Here, two kinds of guanidinium derivatives, stearylguanidinium (SG) and myristoylarginine (MA), were synthesized and incorporated into 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) vesicles. Differences in their membrane properties were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and the fluorescent probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), 6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (Laurdan), and 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS). The increased SG ratio increased overall hydrophobicity and lipid packing density compared to POPC vesicles, and SG-modified vesicles successfully attracted and then denatured negatively charged tRNAs (tRNAs). In contrast, MA-modified vesicles did not affect the stiffness of POPC membranes, wherein no conformational change in tRNAs was observed in the presence of POPC/MA vesicles. Analyses of the pH-dependent fluorescence emission of TNS suggested that SG and MA molecules render the membrane surfaces cationic and anionic, respectively, which was also revealed by zeta potential measurements. Our results enabled the construction of a model of the headgroup orientation of zwitterionic POPC molecules controlled by modification with guanidinium derivatives. The results also indicate the possibility to regulate the interaction and conformation of biological molecules, such as nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Watanabe
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Keishi Suga
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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A two-component micelle with emergent pH responsiveness by mixing dilauroyl phosphocholine and deoxycholic acid and its delivery of proteins into the cytosol. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 154:246-252. [PMID: 28347946 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Providing appropriate pH responsiveness for drug delivery nanoparticles is one of the major issues in developing a new generation of delivery systems. This paper reports that, when phosphocholine and a bile acid were mixed, the resultant two-component micelle gained pH responsiveness, while the individual components did not show any such responsiveness. The pH responsiveness was shown to be determined by the chemical structure, especially the positions and chirality of the OH groups, of the bile acid, and the sensitivity was determined by the alkyl chain length of the phosphocholine. The best combination for evading endocytosis was dilauroyl phosphocholine (DLPC) and deoxycholic acid (DA). Small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that the pH responsiveness was related to the change of surface hydrophobicity, namely, decreasing pH led to protonation of the carboxylic acid, resulting in aggregation of the preceding micelles. We assume that particles that become hydrophobic in this way can start interacting with the endocytotic bilayer, which eventually leads to rupture of the endocytotic vesicle. This mechanism is well supported by the finding that fluorescein-conjugated ovalbumin proteins were transported into the cytosol when they were co-administered with DLPC/DA.
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