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Multifaceted Structurally Coloured Materials: Diffraction and Total Internal Reflection (TIR) from Nanoscale Surface Wrinkling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041710. [PMID: 36838698 PMCID: PMC9962751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the combined effects of surface diffraction and total internal reflection (TIR) in the design of 3-dimensional materials exhibiting distinct structural colour on various facets. We employ mechanical wrinkling to introduce surface diffraction gratings (from the nano to the micron scales) on one face of an elastomeric rectangular parallelepiped-shaped slab and explore the roles, in the perceived colours, of wrinkling pattern, wavelength, the directionality of incident light and observation angles. We propose a simple model that satisfactorily accounts for all experimental observations. Employing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which readily swells in the presence of various liquids and gases, we demonstrate that such multifaceted colours can respond to their environment. By coupling a right angle triangular prism with a surface grating, we demonstrate the straightforward fabrication of a so-called GRISM (GRating + prISM). Finally, using a range of examples, we outline possibilities for a predictive material design using multi-axial wrinkling patterns and more complex polyhedra.
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Junisu BA, Chang ICY, Lin CC, Sun YS. Surface Wrinkling on Polymer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3907-3916. [PMID: 35298168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of gold precursor solutions are prepared by dissolving HAuCl4 and its mixtures with K2CO3 of different contents in deionized (DI) water. Neat HAuCl4 predominately forms AuCl4- ions in an aqueous solution. In the presence of K2CO3, AuCl4- ions hydrolyze to form [AuCl4-x(OH)x]- complex ions. Increasing the content of K2CO3 in a gold precursor solution increases the content of [AuCl4-x(OH)x]- complex ions and decreases the content of AuCl4- ions. Poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) films of two different molecular weights are deposited on SiOx/Si by spin coating, by which the thicknesses are controlled by polymer weight fractions in butanol. Those P4VP films form periodic wrinkles when immersed in aqueous solutions, followed by drying. The surface wrinkling is induced by swelling pressure that overwhelms the mechanical property of the P4VP film. The periodicity and amplitude of wrinkles grown on the P4VP films strongly correlate with initial thickness, AuCl4- ion content, and residual stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belda Amelia Junisu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Iris Ching-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Parihar V, Bandyopadhyay S, Das S, Mukherjee R, Chakraborty S, Dasgupta S. Tailored topography: a novel fabrication technique using an elasticity gradient. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7034-7044. [PMID: 30109884 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01054d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A facile methodology to create a wrinkled surface with a tailored topography is presented herein. The dependency of the elasticity of poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) on the curing temperature has been exploited to obtain a substrate with an elasticity gradient. The temperature gradient across the length of PDMS is created by a novel set-up consisting of a metal and insulator connected to a heater and the highest usable (no degradation of PDMS) temperature gradient is used. The time-dependent temperature distributions along the substrate are measured and the underlying physics of the dependence of the PDMS elasticity on the curing temperature is addressed. The PDMS substrate with the elasticity gradient is first stretched and subsequently oxidized by oxygen plasma. Upon relaxation, an ordered wrinkled surface with continuously varying wavelength and amplitude along the length of PDMS is obtained. The extent of hydrophobicity recovery of this plasma oxidized PDMS with varying elasticity has been studied. The change in the wavelength and amplitude of the regular patterns on the substrate can be controlled by varying operational parameters like applied pre-strain, plasma power and the heater temperature. It has been found that the spatial distributions of the topography and the hydrophobicity collectively decide the resultant wettability of the substrate. Such surfaces with gradients in the substructure dimensions demonstrate different wetting characteristics that may lead to a wide gamut of applications including droplet movement, cell adhesion and proliferation, diffraction grating etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Parihar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Wang R, Long Y, Zhu T, Guo J, Cai C, Zhao N, Xu J. Fabrication of oriented wrinkles on polydopamine/polystyrene bilayer films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 498:123-127. [PMID: 28324717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wrinkles exist widely in nature and our life. In this paper, wrinkles on polydopamine (PDA)/polystyrene (PS) bilayer films were formed by thermal annealing due to the different thermal coefficients of expansion of each layer. The factors that influenced the dimensions of wrinkles were studied. We found that oriented wrinkles could be formed if the bilayer films were patterned with micro-grooves, and the degree of the orientation depended on the thickness of the PDA and the dimensions of the grooves. Combined with the strong adhesion, biocompatibility and reactivity of PDA, the oriented wrinkles on PDA/PS patterned bilayers may find potential application in diffraction gratings, optical sensors and microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuhua Long
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Tang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chao Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Hennessy MG, Ferretti GL, Cabral JT, Matar OK. A minimal model for solvent evaporation and absorption in thin films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 488:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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