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Xie T, Brady A, Velarde C, Vaccarello DN, Callahan NW, Marino JP, Orski SV. Selective C-Terminal Conjugation of Protease-Derived Native Peptides for Proteomic Measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9119-9128. [PMID: 35856835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up proteomic experiments often require selective conjugation or labeling of the N- and/or C-termini of peptides resulting from proteolytic digestion. For example, techniques based on surface fluorescence imaging are emerging as a promising route to high-throughput protein sequencing but require the generation of peptide surface arrays immobilized through single C-terminal point attachment while leaving the N-terminus free. While several robust approaches are available for selective N-terminal conjugation, it has proven to be much more challenging to implement methods for selective labeling or conjugation of the C-termini that can discriminate between the C-terminal carboxyl group and other carboxyl groups on aspartate and glutamate residues. Further, many approaches based on conjugation through amide bond formation require protection of the N-terminus to avoid unwanted cross-linking reactions. To overcome these challenges, herein, we describe a new strategy for single-point selective immobilization of peptides generated by protease digestion via the C-terminus. The method involves immobilization of peptides via lysine amino acids which are found naturally at the C-terminal end of cleaved peptides from digestions of certain serine endoproteinases, like LysC. This lysine and the N-terminus, the sole two primary amines in the peptide fragments, are chemically reacted with a custom phenyl isothiocyanate (EPITC) that contains an alkyne handle. Subsequent exposure of the double-modified peptides to acid selectively cleaves the N-terminal amino acid, while the modified C-terminus lysine remains unchanged. The alkyne-modified peptides with free N-termini can then be immobilized on an azide surface through standard click chemistry. Using this general approach, surface functionalization is demonstrated using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- University of Maryland - Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
- Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, 20057, United States
| | - Alexandria Brady
- University of Maryland - Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Cecilia Velarde
- University of Maryland - Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - David N Vaccarello
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- University of Maryland - Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Nicholas W Callahan
- University of Maryland - Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - John P Marino
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- University of Maryland - Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Sara V Orski
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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2
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Wang L, Schubert US, Hoeppener S. Surface chemical reactions on self-assembled silane based monolayers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6507-6540. [PMID: 34100051 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01220c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to update our review "Chemical modification of self-assembled silane-based monolayers by surface reactions" which was published in 2010 and has developed into an important guiding tool for researchers working on the modification of solid substrate surface properties by chemical modification of silane-based self-assembled monolayers. Due to the rapid development of this field of research in the last decade, the utilization of chemical functionalities in self-assembled monolayers has been significantly improved and some new processes were introduced in chemical surface reactions for tailoring the properties of solid substrates. Thus, it is time to update the developments in the surface functionalization of silane-based molecules. Hence, after a short introduction on self-assembled monolayers, this review focuses on a series of chemical reactions, i.e., nucleophilic substitution, click chemistry, supramolecular modification, photochemical reaction, and other reactions, which have been applied for the modification of hydroxyl-terminated substrates, like silicon and glass, which have been reported during the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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McLaughlin C, Smith AD. Generation and Reactivity of C(1)-Ammonium Enolates by Using Isothiourea Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:1533-1555. [PMID: 32557875 PMCID: PMC7894297 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
C(1)-Ammonium enolates are powerful, catalytically generated synthetic intermediates applied in the enantioselective α-functionalisation of carboxylic acid derivatives. This minireview describes the recent developments in the generation and application of C(1)-ammonium enolates from various precursors (carboxylic acids, anhydrides, acyl imidazoles, aryl esters, α-diazoketones, alkyl halides) using isothiourea Lewis base organocatalysts. Their synthetic utility in intra- and intermolecular enantioselective C-C and C-X bond forming processes on reaction with various electrophiles will be showcased utilising two distinct catalyst turnover approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum McLaughlin
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughFifeKY16 9STScotland
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughFifeKY16 9STScotland
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Immobilization of alkyl-pterin photosensitizer on silicon surfaces through in situ S N2 reaction as suitable approach for photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 198:111456. [PMID: 33246776 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The tuning of surface properties through functionalization is an important field of research with a broad spectrum of applications. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) allow the surface tailoring through the adsorption of molecular layers having the appropriate functional group or precursor group enabling in situ chemical reactions and thus to the incorporation of new functionalities. The latter approach is particularly advantageous when the incorporation of huge groups is needed. In this study, we report the immobilization of pterin moieties on 11-bromoundecyltrichlorosilane-modified silicon substrates based on the in situ replacement of the bromine groups by pterin (Ptr), the parent derivative of pterins, by means of a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The modified surface was structurally characterized through a multi-technique approach, including high-resolution XPS analysis, contact angle measurements, and AFM. The designed synthesis method leads to the functionalization of the silicon surface with two compounds, O-undecyl-Ptr and N-undecyl-Ptr, with a higher proportion of the N-derivative (1:8 ratio). The alkyl-pterins immobilized via the proposed strategy, retain their photochemical properties, being able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth under irradiation (84.3 ± 15.6 % reduction in viable cells). Our results open the possibility for the modification of several materials, such as glass and metal, through the formation of SAMs having the proper head group, thus allowing the design of photosensitive surfaces with potential microbiological self-cleaning properties.
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Takeuchi R, Igarashi R, Kubo K, Mizuta T, Kume S. Substituent‐Biased CO
2
Reduction on Copper Cathodes Modified with Spaced Organic Structures. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-2-1, Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Ryota Igarashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-2-1, Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-2-1, Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-2-1, Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shoko Kume
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-2-1, Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Japan
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Igarashi R, Takeuchi R, Kubo K, Mizuta T, Kume S. On-Surface Modification of Copper Cathodes by Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition and CO 2 Reduction in Organic Environments. Front Chem 2020; 7:860. [PMID: 31956650 PMCID: PMC6951422 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, organic structures were introduced onto copper cathodes to induce changes in their electrocatalytic CO2 reduction activity. Poorly soluble organic polymers were distributed onto the copper surface as a thin layer by polymerizing monomeric precursors via a copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) activated by anodization of the copper substrate. The resulting structure possesses copper surface atoms that are available to participate in the CO2 reduction reaction-comparable to close-contact organic structures-and stabilize the adsorption of organic layers through the CO2 reduction process. The CO2 reduction performance of the on-surface modified copper cathode exhibited improved CO2 reduction over H2 evolution compared with traditional cast modification systems. Preventing organic moieties from forming densely packed assemblies on the metal surface appears to be important to promote the CO2 reduction process on the copper atoms. The suppression of H2 evolution, a high methane/ethylene ratio, and the influence of stirring demonstrate that the improved CO2 reduction activity is not only a result of the copper atom reorganization accompanied by repeating anodization for modification; the organic layer also apparently plays an important role in proton transfer and CO2 accumulation onto the copper surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Igarashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Shoko Kume
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Parkin JD, Chisholm R, Frost AB, Bailey RG, Smith AD, Hähner G. Direct Organocatalytic Enantioselective Functionalization of SiO
x
Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John D. Parkin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St. Andrews; North Haugh St. Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Ross Chisholm
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St. Andrews; North Haugh St. Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Aileen B. Frost
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St. Andrews; North Haugh St. Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Richard G. Bailey
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St. Andrews; North Haugh St. Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St. Andrews; North Haugh St. Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Georg Hähner
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St. Andrews; North Haugh St. Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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Parkin JD, Chisholm R, Frost AB, Bailey RG, Smith AD, Hähner G. Direct Organocatalytic Enantioselective Functionalization of SiO x Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9377-9381. [PMID: 29870577 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods to prepare chiral surfaces involve either the adsorption of a chiral molecule onto an achiral surface, or adsorption of a species that forms a chiral template creating lattices with long range order. To date only limited alternative strategies to prepare chiral surfaces have been studied. In this manuscript a "bottom-up" approach is developed that allows the preparation of chiral surfaces by direct enantioselective organocatalytic reactions on a functionalized silicon oxide supported self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The efficient catalytic generation of enantiomerically enriched organic surfaces is achieved using a commercially available homogeneous isothiourea catalyst that promotes an enantioselective Michael-lactonization process upon a silicon-oxide supported SAM functionalized with a reactive trifluoroenone group. Chiral atomic force microscopy (χ-AFM) is used to probe the enantiomeric enrichment of the organic films by measurement of the force distributions arising from interaction of d- or l-cysteine-modified AFM tips and the organic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Parkin
- EaStCHEMSchool of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ross Chisholm
- EaStCHEMSchool of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Aileen B Frost
- EaStCHEMSchool of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Richard G Bailey
- EaStCHEMSchool of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEMSchool of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Georg Hähner
- EaStCHEMSchool of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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Bian H, Dong X, Chen S, Dong D, Zhang N. Polymer brushes on hydrogen-terminated silicon substrates via stable Si C bond. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Pantaine L, Humblot V, Coeffard V, Vallée A. Sulfamide chemistry applied to the functionalization of self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:648-658. [PMID: 28487759 PMCID: PMC5389194 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aniline-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold surfaces have successfully reacted with ArSO2NHOSO2Ar (Ar = 4-MeC6H4 or 4-FC6H4) resulting in monolayers with sulfamide moieties and different end groups. Moreover, the sulfamide groups on the SAMs can be hydrolyzed showing the partial regeneration of the aniline surface. SAMs were characterized by water contact angle (WCA) measurements, Fourier-transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Pantaine
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Humblot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR CNRS 7197, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Coeffard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Anne Vallée
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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