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Saerbeck T, Huckfeldt H, Toperverg BP, Ehresmann A. Magnetic Structure of Ion-Beam Imprinted Stripe Domains Determined by Neutron Scattering. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040752. [PMID: 32326456 PMCID: PMC7221941 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of the in-plane magnetic vector configuration in head-to-head/tail-to-tail stripe domain patterns of nominal 5 μm width. The patterns have been created by He-ion bombardment induced magnetic patterning of a CoFe/IrMn3 exchange bias thin-film system. Quantitative information about the chemical and magnetic structure is obtained from polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) and off-specular scattering (OSS). The technique provides information on the magnetic vector orientation and magnitude along the lateral coordinate of the sample, as well as the chemical and magnetic layer structure as a function of depth. Additional sensitivity to magnetic features is obtained through a neutron wave field resonance, which is fully accounted for in the presented analysis. The scattering reveals a domain width imbalance of 5.3 to 3.7 μm of virgin and bombarded stripes, respectively. Further, we report that the magnetization in the bombarded stripe significantly deviates from the head-to-head arrangement. A domain wall of 0.6 μm with homogeneous magnetization direction is found to separate the two neighboring domains. The results contain detailed information on length scales and magnetization vectors provided by PNR and OSS in absolute units. We illustrate the complementarity of the technique to microscopy techniques for obtaining a quantitative description of imprinted magnetic domain patterns and illustrate its applicability to different sample systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Saerbeck
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, CEDEX 9, 38042 Grenoble, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Henning Huckfeldt
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany; (H.H.); (A.E.)
| | - Boris P. Toperverg
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, CEDEX 9, 38042 Grenoble, France;
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany; (H.H.); (A.E.)
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Ivanov YP, Leliaert J, Crespo A, Pancaldi M, Tollan C, Kosel J, Chuvilin A, Vavassori P. Design of Intense Nanoscale Stray Fields and Gradients at Magnetic Nanorod Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4678-4685. [PMID: 30607950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We explore electrodeposited ordered arrays of Fe, Ni, and Co nanorods embedded in anodic alumina membranes as a source of intense magnetic stray field gradients localized at the nanoscale. We perform a multiscale characterization of the stray fields using a combination of experimental methods (magnetooptical Kerr effect and virtual bright field differential phase contrast imaging) and micromagnetic simulations and establish a clear correlation between the stray fields and the magnetic configurations of the nanorods. For uniformly magnetized Fe and Ni wires, the field gradients vary following saturation magnetization of the corresponding metal and the diameter of the wires. In the case of Co nanorods, very localized (∼10 nm) and intense (>1 T) stray field sources are associated with the cores of magnetic vortexes. Confinement of that strong field at extremely small dimensions leads to exceptionally high field gradients up to 108 T/m. These results demonstrate a clear path to design and fine-tune nanoscale magnetic stray field ordered patterns with a broad applicability in key nanotechnologies, such as nanomedicine, nanobiology, nanoplasmonics, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii P Ivanov
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , U.K
- School of Natural Sciences , Far Eastern Federal University , 690950 Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Jonathan Leliaert
- Department of Solid State Sciences , Ghent University , BE9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Adrian Crespo
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Av. de Tolosa 76 , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Matteo Pancaldi
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Av. de Tolosa 76 , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Christopher Tollan
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Av. de Tolosa 76 , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Jurgen Kosel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrey Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Av. de Tolosa 76 , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3 , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Paolo Vavassori
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider , Av. de Tolosa 76 , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3 , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
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Huckfeldt H, Gaul A, David Müglich N, Holzinger D, Nissen D, Albrecht M, Emmrich D, Beyer A, Gölzhäuser A, Ehresmann A. Modification of the saturation magnetization of exchange bias thin film systems upon light-ion bombardment. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:125801. [PMID: 28106005 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa5ad5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic modification of exchange bias materials by 'ion bombardment induced magnetic patterning' has been established more than a decade ago. To understand these experimental findings several theoretical models were introduced. Few investigations, however, did focus on magnetic property modifications caused by effects of ion bombardment in the ferromagnetic layer. In the present study, the structural changes occurring under ion bombardment were investigated by Monte-Carlo simulations and in experiments. A strong reduction of the saturation magnetization scaling linearly with increasing ion doses is observed and our findings suggest that it is correlated to the swelling of the layer material based on helium implantation and vacancy creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Huckfeldt
- Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT) and Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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