Molecular Dynamics Study of Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) Asymmetric Diblock Copolymer Systems

Comparative Analysis of Amorphous and Biodegradable Copolymers: A Molecular Dynamics Study Using a Multi-Technique Approach

We investigate the molecular dynamics of glycolide/lactide/caprolactone (Gly/Lac/Cap) copolymers using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H second-moment, 1H spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) analysis, and 13C solid-state NMR over a temperature range of 100-413 K. Activation energies and correlation times of the biopolymer chains were determined. At low temperatures, relaxation is governed by the anisotropic threefold reorientation of methyl (-CH3) groups in lactide. A notable change in T1 at ~270 K and 294 K suggests a transition in amorphous phase mobility due to translational diffusion, while a second relaxation minimum (222-312 K) is linked to CH2 group dynamics influenced by caprolactone. The activation energy increases from 5.9 kJ/mol (methyl motion) to 22-33 kJ/mol (segmental motion) as the caprolactone content rises, enhancing the molecular mobility. Conversely, lactide restricts motion by limiting rotational freedom, thereby slowing global dynamics. DSC confirms that increasing ε-caprolactone lowers the glass transition temperature, whereas higher glycolide and lactide content raises it. The onset temperature of main-chain molecular motion varies with the composition, with greater ε-caprolactone content enhancing flexibility. These findings highlight the role of composition in tuning relaxation behavior and molecular mobility in copolymers.

Solvent-Induced Swelling Behaviors of Microphase-Separated Polystyrene-block-Poly(ethylene oxide) Thin Films Investigated Using In Situ Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy

Block copolymers have attracted considerable interest in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology because these polymers afford well-defined nanostructures via self-assembly. An in-depth understanding of solvent effects on the physicochemical properties of these microdomains is crucial for their preparation and utilization. Herein, we employed in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and single-molecule fluorescence techniques to gain detailed insights into microdomain properties in polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) films exposed to ethanol- and water-saturated N₂. We observed a quick increase and a subsequent gradual decrease in the ellipsometric thickness of PS-b-PEO films upon exposure to ethanol-saturated N₂. This observation was unexpected because ethanol-saturated N₂ induced negligible thickness change for PS and PEO homopolymer films. The similarity in maximum thickness gain observed under ethanol- and water-saturated N₂ implied the swelling of PEO microdomains. Ethanol vapor permeation through the PEO microdomains was supported by the redshift of the ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence emission of Nile red in PS-b-PEO films. Single-molecule tracking data showed the initial enhancement and subsequent reduction of the diffusion of hydrophilic sulforhodamine B molecules in PS-b-PEO films upon exposure to ethanol-saturated N₂, consistent with the spectroscopic ellipsometry results. The higher ethanol susceptibility of the PEO microdomains was attributable to their amorphous nature, as shown by FTIR data.