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Abstract
Fluorinated organic compounds are common among pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. The significant strength of the C-F bond results in chemical inertness that, depending on the context, is beneficial, problematic or simply a formidable synthetic challenge. Electrosynthesis is a rapidly expanding methodology that can enable new reactivity and selectivity for cleavage and formation of chemical bonds. Here, a comprehensive overview of synthetically relevant electrochemically driven protocols for C-F bond activation and functionalization is presented, including photoelectrochemical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes L Röckl
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Bonechi M, Giurlani W, Innocenti M, Pasini D, Mishra S, Giovanardi R, Fontanesi C. On the Dynamics of the Carbon-Bromine Bond Dissociation in the 1-Bromo-2-Methylnaphthalene Radical Anion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144539. [PMID: 35889412 PMCID: PMC9319363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper studies the mechanism of electrochemically induced carbon-bromine dissociation in 1-Br-2-methylnaphalene in the reduction regime. In particular, the bond dissociation of the relevant radical anion is disassembled at a molecular level, exploiting quantum mechanical calculations including steady-state, equilibrium and dissociation dynamics via dynamic reaction coordinate (DRC) calculations. DRC is a molecular-dynamic-based calculation relying on an ab initio potential surface. This is to achieve a detailed picture of the dissociation process in an elementary molecular detail. From a thermodynamic point of view, all the reaction paths examined are energetically feasible. The obtained results suggest that the carbon halogen bond dissociates following the first electron uptake follow a stepwise mechanism. Indeed, the formation of the bromide anion and an organic radical occurs. The latter reacts to form a binaphthalene intrinsically chiral dimer. This paper is respectfully dedicated to Professors Anny Jutand and Christian Amatore for their outstanding contribution in the field of electrochemical catalysis and electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonechi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.B.); (W.G.)
| | - Walter Giurlani
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.B.); (W.G.)
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.B.); (W.G.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (C.F.)
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Suryakant Mishra
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
| | - Roberto Giovanardi
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF), University of Modena, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (C.F.)
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3
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Kumar S, Izadi F, Ončák M, Limão-Vieira P, Denifl S. Hexachlorobenzene-negative ion formation in electron attachment experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13335-13342. [PMID: 35608112 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01360f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we report a comprehensive study on the formation of hexachlorobenzene (C6Cl6) negative ions probed by low-energy electron interactions from 0 up to 12 eV in a gas-phase crossed beam experiment. The anionic yields as a function of the electron energy reveal a rich fragmentation pattern of the dissociative electron attachment process, yet the most intense ion has been assigned to the non-dissociated parent anion that survives long enough within the detection time window. Other less intense fragment anions have been assigned as Cl-, Cl2-, C6Cl4-, and C6Cl5-. The experimental results are accompanied by quantum chemical calculations at various levels of accuracy, providing an insight into the electronic structure, thermochemical thresholds, electron affinities and structures of neutral and anionic molecular species. The electron attachment process induces a considerable geometry change in the temporary-negative ion relative to the neutral molecule, where the most intense fragment anion assigned to Cl- can be formed solely through a curve crossing involving a π*/σ* coupling. The yield of chlorine anions shows a signature of vibrational excitation reminiscent of a Jahn-Teller distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - F Izadi
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - M Ončák
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - P Limão-Vieira
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - S Denifl
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Goryunkov AA, Asfandiarov NL, Rakhmeev RG, Markova AV, Pshenichnyuk SA, Rybalchenko AV, Lukonina NS, Ioffe IN. Dissociative electron attachment to hexachlorobenzene. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200038. [PMID: 35286008 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gas phase molecules of hexachlorobenzene (C 6 Cl 6 ) were investigated by means of Dissociative Electron Attachment Spectroscopy (DEAS). Three channels of molecular negative ions decay have been recorded: Cl- and Cl 2 - as well as electron detachment (t a ~250 ms at 343 K). All of these decay channels exhibit temperature dependence. The electron affinity was estimated within the framework of the simple Arrhenius model (EA=1.6-1.9 eV), as well as quantum-chemically at various levels (EA a =0.9-1.0 eV). The reasons for the discrepancy between the obtained estimates of the EA value and the results of previous works (EA from 1 to 2 eV) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Goryunkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Dept. of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 1, 199992, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Nail L Asfandiarov
- FSBSI UFRC RAS: FGBNU Ufimskij federal'nyj issledovatel'skij centr Rossijskoj akademii nauk, Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Rustam G Rakhmeev
- FSBSI UFRC RAS: FGBNU Ufimskij federal'nyj issledovatel'skij centr Rossijskoj akademii nauk, Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Angelina V Markova
- FSBSI UFRC RAS: FGBNU Ufimskij federal'nyj issledovatel'skij centr Rossijskoj akademii nauk, Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Stanislav A Pshenichnyuk
- FSBSI UFRC RAS: FGBNU Ufimskij federal'nyj issledovatel'skij centr Rossijskoj akademii nauk, Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexey V Rybalchenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M V Lomonosova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Natalia S Lukonina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M V Lomonosova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Ilya N Ioffe
- Lomonosov Moscow State University: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M V Lomonosova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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Stefani A, Giurlani W, Bonechi M, Marchetti A, Preda G, Pasini D, Innocenti M, Fontanesi C. On the Savéant's Concerted/Stepwise Model. The Electroreduction of Halogenated Naphthalene Derivatives as a Case Study. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stefani
- Department of Physics, (FIM) Univ. of Modena Via Campi 213/A 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Walter Giurlani
- Department of Chemistry, “Ugo Schiff” Univ. of Firenze via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Marco Bonechi
- Department of Chemistry, “Ugo Schiff” Univ. of Firenze via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, DSCG Univ. of Modena Via Campi 103 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Giovanni Preda
- Department of Chemistry Univ. of Pavia via Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry Univ. of Pavia via Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry, “Ugo Schiff” Univ. of Firenze via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology (INSTM) Via G. Giusti 9 50121 Firenze (FI) Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI) Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto F.no (FI) Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIEF) University of Florence Via di S. Marta, 3 50139 Firenze Italy
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, (DIEF) Univ. of Modena Via Vivarelli 10 41125 Modena Italy
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Kudaş Z, Çepni E, Gür E, Ekinci D. Production of novel carbon nanostructures by electrochemical reduction of polychlorinated organic rings under mild conditions for supercapacitors. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, new carbon-based nanostructures were prepared via a one-step electrochemical method using hexagonal and pentagonal polychlorinated organic rings as the carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Züleyha Kudaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University
- 25240 Erzurum
- Turkey
| | - Emir Çepni
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Nanomaterials Sciences, Atatürk University
- 25240 Erzurum
- Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atatürk University
- 25240 Erzurum
| | - Emre Gür
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University
- 25240 Erzurum
- Turkey
| | - Duygu Ekinci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University
- 25240 Erzurum
- Turkey
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Bahar N, Ekinci D. Hollow porous gold nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide composite films for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Goryunkov AA, Asfandiarov NL, Muftakhov MV, Ioffe IN, Solovyeva VA, Lukonina NS, Markov VY, Rakhmeyev RG, Pshenichnyuk SA. Dissociative Electron Attachment to 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexabromotriphenylene. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:690-694. [PMID: 31914729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexabromotriphenylene (HBTP) and 2,3,6,7,10-pentabromotriphenylene (PBTP) were investigated by means of dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy (DEAS). The dominant decay channel of the transient molecular negative ions consists of elimination of Br- with resonances in the low electron energy region. Formation of long-lived parent anions with autodetachment lifetime τa = 310 μs is observed at thermal electron energies. The adiabatic electron affinities, EAa = 1.12 ± 0.1 eV in HBTP and 1.09 ± 0.1 eV in PBTP, evaluated using a simple Arrhenius approach are in good agreement with those predicted by DFT (XYG3/Def2-TZVPP//PBE0/Def2-TZVPP) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Goryunkov
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1-3 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Nail L Asfandiarov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics , Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospekt Octyabrya, 151 , Ufa 450075 , Russia
| | - Mars V Muftakhov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics , Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospekt Octyabrya, 151 , Ufa 450075 , Russia
| | - Ilya N Ioffe
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1-3 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Vera A Solovyeva
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1-3 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Natalia S Lukonina
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1-3 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Vitaliy Yu Markov
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1-3 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Rustam G Rakhmeyev
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics , Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospekt Octyabrya, 151 , Ufa 450075 , Russia
| | - Stanislav A Pshenichnyuk
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics , Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Prospekt Octyabrya, 151 , Ufa 450075 , Russia
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