1
|
Fanova A, Sotiropoulos K, Radulescu A, Papagiannopoulos A. Advances in Small Angle Neutron Scattering on Polysaccharide Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:490. [PMID: 38399868 PMCID: PMC10891522 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide materials and biomaterials gain the focus of intense research owing to their great versatility in chemical structures and modification possibilities, as well as their biocompatibility, degradability, and sustainability features. This review focuses on the recent advances in the application of SANS on polysaccharide systems covering a broad range of materials such as nanoparticulate assemblies, hydrogels, nanocomposites, and plant-originating nanostructured systems. It motivates the use of SANS in its full potential by demonstrating the features of contrast variation and contrast matching methods and by reporting the methodologies for data analysis and interpretation. As these soft matter systems may be organized in multiple length scales depending on the interactions and chemical bonds between their components, SANS offers exceptional and unique opportunities for advanced characterization and optimization of new nanostructured polysaccharide materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Fanova
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany; (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Aurel Radulescu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany; (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Attia D, Mendelson O, Levi-Kalisman Y, Bitton R, Yerushalmi-Rozen R. Enantioselective disruption of cellulose nanocrystal self-assembly into chiral nematic phases in D-alanine solutions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16890-16895. [PMID: 37847510 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The chiral environment of enantiomerically pure D-alanine solutions is observed to disrupt and modify the entropy-driven assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into a chiral nematic mesophase. The effect is specific to D-alanine and cannot be attributed to the adsorption of alanine molecules (neither D- nor L-alanine) onto the CNC particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Attia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Orit Mendelson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- Nuclear Research Center-Negev, Department of Chemistry, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Yael Levi-Kalisman
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and the Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Rachel Yerushalmi-Rozen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tao H, Rigoni C, Li H, Koistinen A, Timonen JVI, Zhou J, Kontturi E, Rojas OJ, Chu G. Thermodynamically controlled multiphase separation of heterogeneous liquid crystal colloids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5277. [PMID: 37644027 PMCID: PMC10465492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase separation is a universal physical transition process whereby a homogeneous mixture splits into two distinct compartments that are driven by the component activity, elasticity, or compositions. In the current work, we develop a series of heterogeneous colloidal suspensions that exhibit both liquid-liquid phase separation of semiflexible binary polymers and liquid crystal phase separation of rigid, rod-like nanocellulose particles. The phase behavior of the multicomponent mixture is controlled by the trade-off between thermodynamics and kinetics during the two transition processes, displaying cholesteric self-assembly of nanocellulose within or across the compartmented aqueous phases. Upon thermodynamic control, two-, three-, and four-phase coexistence behaviors with rich liquid crystal stackings are realized. Among which, each relevant multiphase separation kinetics shows fundamentally different paths governed by nucleation and growth of polymer droplets and nanocellulose tactoids. Furthermore, a coupled multiphase transition can be realized by tuning the composition and the equilibrium temperature, which results in thermotropic behavior of polymers within a lyotropic liquid crystal matrix. Finally, upon drying, the multicomponent mixture undergoes a hierarchical self-assembly of nanocellulose and polymers into stratified cholesteric films, exhibiting compartmentalized polymer distribution and anisotropic microporous structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland
| | - Carlo Rigoni
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Antti Koistinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaakko V I Timonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland.
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Guang Chu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02510, Espoo, Finland.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raghuwanshi VS, Browne C, Batchelor W, Garnier G. Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals of different lengths. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:249-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
5
|
Al-Bustami H, Belsey S, Metzger T, Voignac D, Yochelis S, Shoseyov O, Paltiel Y. Spin-Induced Organization of Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2098-2105. [PMID: 35289591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are composed of chiral cellulose units, which form chiral nematic liquid crystals in water that, upon drying, self-assemble to more complex spiral chiral sheets. This secondary structure arrangement is found to change with an external magnetic or electric field. Here, we show that one of the basic organization driving forces is electron spin, which is produced as the charge redistributes in the organization process of the chiral building blocks. It is important to stress that the electron spin-exchange interactions supply the original driving force and not the magnetic field per se. The results present the first utilization of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in sugars, enabling one to regulate the CNC bottom-up fabrication process. Control is demonstrated on the organization order of the CNC by utilizing different magnetization directions of the ferromagnetic surface. The produced spin is probed using a simple Hall device. The measured Hall resistance shows that the CNC sheets' arrangement is affected during the first four hours as long as the CNC is in its wet phase. On introducing the 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid cross-linker into the CNC sheet, the packing density of the CNC helical structure is enhanced, presenting an increase in the Hall resistance and the chiral state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hammam Al-Bustami
- Applied Physics Department and the center of Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Shylee Belsey
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tzuriel Metzger
- Applied Physics Department and the center of Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Daniel Voignac
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Applied Physics Department and the center of Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied Physics Department and the center of Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cohen N, Attia D, Levi‐Kalisman Y, Bitton R, Yerushalmi‐Rozen R. Emergent hybrid mesophases in ternary mixtures of cellulose nanocrystals ‐ Pluronic micelles‐water. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neta Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - David Attia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Yael Levi‐Kalisman
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and The Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience and Technology Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Rachel Yerushalmi‐Rozen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience and Technology Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Surfactant-Mediated Co-Existence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks and Cellulose Nanocrystal Mesophases. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113059. [PMID: 34835823 PMCID: PMC8624387 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hybrids comprising cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and percolated networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) may serve for the casting of hybrid materials with improved optical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, CNC-dispersed SWNTs are depleted from the chiral nematic (N*) phase and enrich the isotropic phase. Herein, we report that SWNTs dispersed by non-ionic surfactant or triblock copolymers are incorporated within the surfactant-mediated CNC mesophases. Small-angle X-ray measurements indicate that the nanostructure of the hybrid phases is only slightly modified by the presence of the surfactants, and the chiral nature of the N* phase is preserved. Cryo-TEM and Raman spectroscopy show that SWNTs networks with typical mesh size from hundreds of nanometers to microns are distributed equally between the two phases. We suggest that the adsorption of the surfactants or polymers mediates the interfacial interaction between the CNCs and SWNTs, enhancing the formation of co-existing meso-structures in the hybrid phases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rosén T, Wang R, He H, Zhan C, Chodankar S, Hsiao BS. Shear-free mixing to achieve accurate temporospatial nanoscale kinetics through scanning-SAXS: ion-induced phase transition of dispersed cellulose nanocrystals. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1084-1095. [PMID: 33514993 PMCID: PMC8323814 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01048k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved in situ characterization of well-defined mixing processes using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is usually challenging, especially if the process involves changes of material viscoelasticity. In specific, it can be difficult to create a continuous mixing experiment without shearing the material of interest; a desirable situation since shear flow both affects nanoscale structures and flow stability as well as resulting in unreliable time-resolved data. Here, we demonstrate a flow-focusing mixing device for in situ nanostructural characterization using scanning-SAXS. Given the interfacial tension and viscosity ratio between core and sheath fluids, the core material confined by sheath flows is completely detached from the walls and forms a zero-shear plug flow at the channel center, allowing for a trivial conversion of spatial coordinates to mixing times. With this technique, the time-resolved gel formation of dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was studied by mixing with a sodium chloride solution. It is observed how locally ordered regions, so called tactoids, are disrupted when the added monovalent ions affect the electrostatic interactions, which in turn leads to a loss of CNC alignment through enhanced rotary diffusion. The demonstrated flow-focusing scanning-SAXS technique can be used to unveil important kinetics during structural formation of nanocellulosic materials. However, the same technique is also applicable in many soft matter systems to provide new insights into the nanoscale dynamics during mixing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rosén
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794-3400USA
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44 StockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44 StockholmSweden
| | - Ruifu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794-3400USA
| | - HongRui He
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794-3400USA
| | - Chengbo Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794-3400USA
| | - Shirish Chodankar
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National LabUptonNYUSA
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794-3400USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meddeb AB, Chae I, Scurti F, Schwartz J, Kim SH, Ounaies Z. From a cholesteric non-aqueous cellulose nanocrystal suspension to a highly ordered film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
10
|
Eremeeva E, Sergeeva E, Neterebskaia V, Morozova S, Kolchanov D, Morozov M, Chernyshov I, Milichko V, Vinogradov A. Printing of Colorful Cellulose Nanocrystalline Patterns Visible in Linearly Polarized Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45145-45154. [PMID: 32816443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the inkjet printing approach for fabrication of cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) patterns with tunable optical properties varied by the thickness of deposited layers. In particular, forming functional patterns visible only in linearly polarized light is of the primary interest. The possibility of controlling the bright iridescent color response associated with the birefringence in the chiral anisotropic structure of inkjet-printed layers of CNC with sulfo-groups (s-CNC) has been thoroughly investigated. In this connection, we have elaborated an appropriate synthesis sequence for deriving printable inks in the form of sedimentation-stable s-CNC colloids with various concentrations of solid phase and experimentally determined the optimal regimes of their inkjet printing. For this purpose, the rheological parameters and s-CNC particle concentration have also been optimized. The study is accomplished with a comprehensive optical characterization of the deposited s-CNC layers with variable thickness, drying conditions, and the polarization state. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of inkjet printing technology to perform the precise fabrication of optically active s-CNC patterns with variable optical properties. These results are particularly relevant for applications requiring special conditions of color demonstration in security printing for such as anticounterfeiting applications, polygraphy decoration printing, and color photo filters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Eremeeva
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sergeeva
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeriia Neterebskaia
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sofia Morozova
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Denis Kolchanov
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Morozov
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan Chernyshov
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valentin Milichko
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr Vinogradov
- ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Attia D, Cohen N, Ochbaum G, Levi-Kalisman Y, Bitton R, Yerushalmi-Rozen R. Nano-to-meso structure of cellulose nanocrystal phases in ethylene-glycol-water mixtures. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8444-8452. [PMID: 32812986 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly and phase behavior of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in binary liquid mixtures of ethylene-glycol (EG):water was investigated. Our findings indicate that a small fraction of water delays the onset of colloidal jammed states previously reported in water-free organic solvents. Here the full phase diagram of CNCs evolves, including the chiral nematic phase (N*), characterized by long-range orientational order and non-isotropic macroscopic properties. Furthermore, the effect of the solvent-mixture composition on the properties of the CNC mesophases is found to be scale-dependent: the micron-size pitch of the N* phase decreases as the dielectric constant (εr) of the solvent mixture is reduced (higher EG content). Yet the nanometric inter-particle spacing of the CNC rods (measured using SAXS and cryo-TEM) is almost independent on the EG content. Also, unlike theoretical predictions, the transition to the biphasic regime is not sensitive to εr of the solvent mixtures and takes place at a higher CNC volume fraction than in aqueous suspensions. These observations may be rationalized by hypothesizing that vicinal water, adsorbed at the CNC surface, prevents kinetic arrest, and dictates the local dielectric constant and thus the effective diameter of the rods (via the Debye length), while εr of the liquid-mixture dominates the pitch length (micron scale) and the optical properties. These findings indicate that the water content of EG:water mixtures may be used for engineering colloidal inks where delayed kinetic arrest and jamming of the CNCs enable printing and casting of tunable, optically-active thin films and coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Attia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Neta Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Guy Ochbaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Yael Levi-Kalisman
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel. and The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Yerushalmi-Rozen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel. and The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qu D, Zussman E. Electro-responsive Liquid Crystalline Nanocelluloses with Reversible Switching. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6697-6703. [PMID: 32787220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) which can change their structural and optical properties in an electric field could be a new choice for advanced optoelectronic devices. Unfortunately, the exploration of its performance in an electric field is underdeveloped. Hence, we reveal some interesting dielectric coupling activities of liquid crystalline CNC in an electric field. The CNC tactoid is shown to orient its helix axis normal to the electric field direction. Then, as a function of the electric field strength and frequency, the tactoid can be stretched along with a pitch increase, with a deformation mechanism significantly differing at varied frequencies, and finally untwists the helix axis to form a nematic structure upon increasing the electric field strength. Moreover, a straightforward method to visualize the electric field is demonstrated, by combining the CNC uniform lying helix textures with polarized optical microscopy. We envision these understandings could facilitate the development of liquid crystalline CNC in the design of electro-optical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Eyal Zussman
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kajiyama S, Iwase H, Nakayama M, Ichikawa R, Yamaguchi D, Seto H, Kato T. Shear-induced liquid-crystalline phase transition behaviour of colloidal solutions of hydroxyapatite nanorod composites. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11468-11479. [PMID: 32227008 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10996j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-crystalline (LC) bio-inspired materials based on colloidal nanoparticles with anisotropic morphologies such as sheets, plates, rods and fibers were used as functional materials. They show stimuli-responsive behaviour under mechanical force and in electric and magnetic fields. Understanding the effects of external stimuli on the structures of anisotropic colloidal particles is important for the development of highly ordered structures. Recently, we have developed stimuli-responsive hydroxyapatite (HAP)-based colloidal LC nanorods that are environmentally-friendly functional materials. In the present study, the ordering behaviour of HAP nanorod dispersions, which show LC states, has been examined using in situ small-angle neutron scattering and rheological measurements (Rheo-SANS) under shearing force. The structural analyses and dynamic viscosity observations provided detailed information about the effects of shear force on the structural changes of HAP nanorods in D2O dispersion. The present Rheo-SANS measurements unraveled three kinds of main effects of the shear force: the enhancement of interactions between the HAP nanorods, the alignment of HAP nanorods to the shear flow direction, and the formation and disruption of HAP nanorod assemblies. Simultaneous analyses of dynamic viscosity and structural changes revealed that the HAP nanorod dispersions exhibited distinctive rheological properties accompanied by their ordered structural changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rosén T, Wang R, Zhan C, He H, Chodankar S, Hsiao BS. Cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals in confined flow: Single-particle dynamics to collective alignment revealed through scanning small-angle x-ray scattering and numerical simulations. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032610. [PMID: 32289908 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials made through flow-assisted assembly of proteinaceous or polymeric nanosized fibrillar building blocks are promising contenders for a family of high-performance biocompatible materials in a wide variety of applications. Optimization of these processes relies on improving our knowledge of the physical mechanisms from nano- to macroscale and especially understanding the alignment of elongated nanoparticles in flows. Here, we study the full projected orientation distributions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and nanofibrils (CNFs) in confined flow using scanning microbeam SAXS. For CNCs, we further compare with a simulated system of dilute Brownian ellipsoids, which agrees well at dilute concentrations. However, increasing CNC concentration to a semidilute regime results in locally arranged domains called tactoids, which aid in aligning the CNC at low shear rates, but limit alignment at higher rates. Similarly, shear alignment of CNF at semidilute conditions is also limited owing to probable bundle or flock formation of the highly entangled nanofibrils. This work provides a quantitative comparison of full projected orientation distributions of elongated nanoparticles in confined flow and provides an important stepping stone towards predicting and controlling processes to create nanostructured materials on an industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rosén
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA.,Treesearch, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruifu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Chengbo Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Hongrui He
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Shirish Chodankar
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ganguly K, Patel DK, Dutta SD, Shin WC, Lim KT. Stimuli-responsive self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs): Structures, functions, and biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:456-469. [PMID: 32222290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have received a significant amount of attention from the researchers. It is used as a nanomaterial for various applications due to its excellent physiochemical properties for the last few decades. Self-assembly is a phenomenon where autonomous reorganization of randomly oriented species occurs elegantly. Self-assembly is responsible for the formation of the hierarchical cholesteric structure of CNCs. This process is highly influenced by several factors, such as the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles, intermolecular forces, and the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Various conventional experimental designs and molecular dynamics (MD) studies have been applied to determine the possible mechanism of self-assembly in CNCs. Different external factors, like pH, temperature, magnetic/electric fields, vacuum, also influence the self-assembly process in CNCs. Notably, better responses have been observed in CNCs-grafted polymer nanocomposites. These functionalized CNCs with stimuli-responsive self-assembly have immense practical applications in modern biotechnology and medicine. Herein, we have concisely discussed the mechanism of the self-assembled CNCs in the presence of different external factors such as pH, temperature, electric/magnetic fields, and their biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chul Shin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stimuli induced cellulose nanomaterials alignment and its emerging applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
17
|
Li T, Zhang X, Lacey SD, Mi R, Zhao X, Jiang F, Song J, Liu Z, Chen G, Dai J, Yao Y, Das S, Yang R, Briber RM, Hu L. Cellulose ionic conductors with high differential thermal voltage for low-grade heat harvesting. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:608-613. [PMID: 30911121 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Converting low-grade heat into useful electricity requires a technology that is efficient and cost effective. Here, we demonstrate a cellulosic membrane that relies on sub-nanoscale confinement of ions in oxidized and aligned cellulose molecular chains to enhance selective diffusion under a thermal gradient. After infiltrating electrolyte into the cellulosic membrane and applying an axial temperature gradient, the ionic conductor exhibits a thermal gradient ratio (analogous to the Seebeck coefficient in thermoelectrics) of 24 mV K-1-more than twice the highest value reported until now. We attribute the enhanced thermally generated voltage to effective sodium ion insertion into the charged molecular chains of the cellulosic membrane, which consists of type II cellulose, while this process does not occur in natural wood or type I cellulose. With this material, we demonstrate a flexible and biocompatible heat-to-electricity conversion device via nanoscale engineering based on sustainable materials that can enable large-scale manufacture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Steven D Lacey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ruiyu Mi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xinpeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jianwei Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ronggui Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robert M Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ogle J, Powell D, Amerling E, Smilgies DM, Whittaker-Brooks L. Quantifying multiple crystallite orientations and crystal heterogeneities in complex thin film materials. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01010f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using the mosaicity factor and GIWAXS diffraction patterns to quantify crystallite heterogeneities and orientation in thin film materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ogle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Utah
- Salt Lake City
- USA
| | - Daniel Powell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Utah
- Salt Lake City
- USA
| | - Eric Amerling
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Utah
- Salt Lake City
- USA
| | - Detlef-M. Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, CHESS
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|